10027972|The transcription of clyA from its native promoter region was positively controlled by SlyA, a regulatory protein found in E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium and other Enterobacteriaceae.
10070036|This suggests that EGF inhibited palmitate uptake by reducing the I-FABP level and shifted its utilization from triglycerides to phospholipids by inhibiting DGAT.
10080694|Accumulation of the mRNAs starts between 4 and 8 h and continues till at least 24 h after addition of an active auxin.
10080694|Our screening thus indicates that a variety of genes encoding extracellular proteins are activated during auxin-induced lateral root formation.
10082581|"SAG, a novel zinc RING finger protein that protects cells from apoptosis induced by redox agents."
10082581|SAG (sensitive to apoptosis gene) was cloned as an inducible gene by 1,10-phenanthroline (OP), a redox-sensitive compound and an apoptosis inducer.
10102577|In addition, the transcript levels of SIMIP and SMTIP were increased upon NaCl and ABA treatments.
10187767|"The nucleocapsid protein of murine hepatitis virus type 3 induces transcription of the novel fgl2 prothrombinase gene."
10187767|Using a set of parental and recombinant murine hepatitis virus strains, we demonstrate that the nucleocapsid protein induces transcription of the novel fgl2 prothrombinase gene and elevated procoagulant activity in those strains that produce fulminant hepatitis.
10187767|Chinese hamster ovary cells cotransfected with a construct expressing nucleocapsid protein from susceptible strains and with a luciferase reporter construct containing the fgl2 promoter showed a 6-fold increase in luciferase activity compared with nontransfected cells or cells cotransfected with a construct expressing nucleocapsid protein from resistant strains.
10187767|Hence, mapping of genetic determinants in parental and recombinant strains demonstrates that the nucleocapsid protein of strains that induce fulminant hepatitis is responsible for transcription of the fgl2 prothrombinase gene.
10200325|Transcript abundance for the two most highly expressed genes was lower in apices of the GA-deficient ga1-2 mutant of Arabidopsis than in wild-type plants and increased after treatment of the mutant with GA3.
10200325|This up-regulation of GA 2-oxidase gene expression by GA contrasts GA-induced down-regulation of genes encoding the biosynthetic enzymes GA 20-oxidase and GA 3beta-hydroxylase.
10207004|Furthermore, a bacterial challenge intensified the gene expression, with the maximal period being from 6 to 36 h after infection.
10227994|"Cell cycle-dependent regulation of FLIP levels and susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis."
10227994|TCR activation decreases the steady state protein levels of FLIP (FLICE-like inhibitory protein), an inhibitor of the Fas signaling pathway.
10227994|Inhibition of IL-2 production by cyclosporin A, or inhibition of IL-2 signaling by rapamycin or anti-IL-2 neutralizing Abs prevents the decrease in FLIP levels and confers resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis following T cell activation.
10227994|Using cell cycle-blocking agents, we demonstrate that activated T cells arrested in G1 phase contain high levels of FLIP protein, whereas activated T cells arrested in S phase have decreased FLIP protein levels.
10229682|"Inducible gene expression of moricin, a unique antibacterial peptide from the silkworm (Bombyx mori)."
10229682|Accumulation of moricin gene transcripts induced by E. coli reached a maximum level 8 h after injection and persisted up to 48 h.
10229682|It was confirmed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipid A, which are cell-wall components of E. coli, triggered moricin gene expression.
10229682|An electrophoretic-mobility-shift assay revealed that there are bacterial LPS-inducible nuclear proteins that can bind to the kappaB site and other sites in the regulatory region.
10377137|"Mouse beta-defensin 3 is an inducible antimicrobial peptide expressed in the epithelia of multiple organs."
10377137|After instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 into mouse airways, mBD-3-specific mRNA was upregulated significantly not only in large airways but also in the small bowel and liver.
10386996|We have identified SM-20 as a new gene that increases in expression in sympathetic neurons after NGF withdrawal.
10386996|Expression of SM-20 also increases during neuronal death caused by cytosine arabinoside or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002.
10386996|In addition, SM-20 protein synthesis is elevated in NGF-deprived neurons compared with neurons maintained with NGF.
10392453|Northern blotting analyses reveal that the gene expression of cecropin D is detectable by 4 h after the bacterial injection and reaches the maximal level at 24 h.
10404027|The protein is highly homologous to betaig-h3, a molecule induced by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) that promotes the adhesion and spreading of fibroblasts.
10404027|By Western blot analysis, TGF-beta increased periostin expression in primary osteoblast cells.
10407268|"Three genes whose expression is induced by stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae."
10407268|In this work we report the isolation and characterization of three genes induced by different stress conditions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
10407268|Northern analysis of RNA obtained from different growth conditions shows that their corresponding transcripts accumulate not only in response to osmotic stress but also to ionic, oxidative and heat stress.
10407268|In addition, GRE1 and GRE3 are regulated negatively by the cAMP-PKA transduction pathway and positively by the transcriptional factors Msn2p and Msn4p.
10455235|"Schizosaccharomyces pombe homologue of glutathione peroxidase, which does not contain selenocysteine, is induced by several stresses and works as an antioxidant."
10455235|gpx1(+) mRNA was induced by various stresses, including oxidative stress, osmostress and heat stress.
10455235|In the disruption of the atf1(+) gene, gpx1(+) was not transcribed or induced.
10455235|However, the expression of gpx1(+) was not affected by the disruption of the pap1(+) gene.
10480913|"Genetic analysis of glutathione peroxidase in oxidative stress response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae."
10480913|Expression of the GPX3 gene was not induced by any stresses tested, whereas that of the GPX1 gene was induced by glucose starvation.
10480913|The GPX2 gene expression was induced by oxidative stress, which was dependent upon the Yap1p.
10480913|Disruption of the TSA1 gene enhanced the basal expression level of the Yap1p target genes such as GSH1, GLR1, and GPX2 and that resulted in increases of total glutathione level and activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase.
10482677|Expression profiles upon tobacco mosaic virus infection of tobacco leaves revealed a biphasic pattern of induction for COMT I, COMT II, and CCoAOMTs.
10482677|COMT II that is highly inducible by infection also accepted caffeoyl-CoA as a substrate, thus suggesting a role in ferulate derivative deposition in the walls of infected cells.
10488052|"Thyroid hormone regulates hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (HCN2) mRNA in the rat heart."
10488052|Thyroid hormone administration to hypothyroid rats resulted in a doubling of the HCN2/beta-actin mRNA ratio.
10488052|A single large dose of L-triiodothyronine given to hypothyroid rats caused a 4.7-fold increase in myocardial HCN2 mRNA expression level and only a 2.3-fold increase in the beta-actin mRNA level.
10488052|Therefore, the increase in rat HCN2 mRNA is likely due to L-triiodothyronine stimulation of HCN2 gene transcription.
10488052|The results suggest that the regulation of heart rate by thyroid hormone may be explained, at least in part, by the positive effect of this hormone on HCN2 gene expression.
10489374|Here it is shown that one of the target genes of Tcf4 in epithelial cells is Tcf1.
10489374|Tcf1 may act as a feedback repressor of beta-catenin-Tcf4 target genes and thus may cooperate with APC to suppress malignant transformation of epithelial cells.
10498711|"Abiotic surface sensing and biofilm-dependent regulation of gene expression in Escherichia coli."
10498711|To get further information on bacterial surface sensing and biofilm-dependent regulation of gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12, random insertion mutagenesis with Mu dX, a mini-Mu carrying the promoterless lacZ gene, was performed with an ompR234 adherent strain, and a simple screen was developed to assess changes in gene expression in biofilm cells versus planktonic cells.
10498711|This screen revealed that major changes in the pattern of gene expression occur during biofilm development: the transcription of 38% of the genes was affected within biofilms.
10498711|On the other hand, the syntheses of flagellin (fliC) and of a putative protein of 92 amino acids (f92) were both reduced in biofilms.
10504404|"The four murine peroxisomal ABC-transporter genes differ in constitutive, inducible and developmental expression."
10504404|Dietary fenofibrate had no effect on the ALD and P70R genes, but strongly increased expression of the ALDR and PMP70 genes in mouse liver.
10504404|However, in P-glycoprotein Mdr1a-deficient mice fenofibrate treatment increased ALDR gene expression also in the brain, suggesting that the multidrug-transporter P-glycoprotein restricts entry of fenofibrate to the brain at the blood-brain barrier.
10504562|Leaf expression of this transcript was shown to be light-dependent, with increased levels of mRNA and protein being detected during the light hours.
10504562|Sequence analysis revealed near complete identity to potato CDSP34, a thylakoid protein induced by drought stress, and strong homology to the carotenoid-associated proteins fibrillin, ChrB and PAP from pepper fruit, and CHRC from cucumber flowers.
10518009|Athsr genes have shown to be specifically or preferentially expressed during the HR.
10521599|"Cortistatin and somatostatin mRNAs are differentially regulated in response to kainate."
10521599|Here, we show that CST and SST mRNAs respond differently to kainate-induced seizures.
10531355|"Ethylene modulates gene expression in cells of the marine sponge Suberites domuncula and reduces the degree of apoptosis."
10531355|In primmorphs from S. domuncula the expression of two genes is up-regulated after exposure to ethylene.
10531355|The cDNA of the first gene (SDERR) isolated from S. domuncula encodes a potential ethylene-responsive protein, termed ERR_SUBDO; its putative M(r) is 32,704.
10531355|Data bank search revealed that the sponge polypeptide shares high similarity (82% on amino acid level) with the corresponding plant molecule, the ethylene-inducible protein from Hevea brasiliensis.
10531355|The second gene, whose expression is up-regulated in response to ethylene is a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.
10531355|The expression of both genes in primmorphs from S. domuncula is increased by approximately 5-fold after a 3-day incubation period with ethylene.
10531355|It is concluded that also metazoan cells, with sponge cells as a model, may react to ethylene with an activation of cell metabolism including gene induction.
10543731|SM-20 encodes a cytoplasmic protein, which is induced by platelet-derived growth factor and angiotensin II in cultured SMC and is upregulated in intimal SMC of atherosclerotic plaques and injured arteries.
10543731|The induction was partially inhibited by blocking differentiation with bFGF or TGFbeta.
10584009|Expression of the feruloyl esterase-encoding gene (faeA) from Aspergillus niger depends on D-xylose (expression is mediated by XlnR, the xylanolytic transcriptional activator) and on a second system that responds to aromatic compounds with a defined ring structure, such as ferulic acid and vanillic acid.
10584009|faeA expression in the presence of xylose or ferulic acid was repressed by glucose.
10584009|faeA expression in the presence of ferulic acid and xylose was greater than faeA expression in the presence of either compound alone.
10619029|Using deletion mutants, we show that Relish is specifically required for the induction of the humoral immune response, including both antibacterial and antifungal peptides.
10626844|The expression of the two NPRAP mRNA variants was dramatically induced even prior to the terminal neuronal and glial differentiation of P19 cells after retinoic acid treatment.
10629060|The c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) group of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is activated in response to the treatment of cells with inflammatory cytokines and by exposure to environmental stress.
10629060|JNK activation is mediated by a protein kinase cascade composed of a MAPK kinase and a MAPK kinase kinase.
10629060|Here we describe the molecular cloning of a putative molecular scaffold protein, JIP3, that binds the protein kinase components of a JNK signaling module and facilitates JNK activation in cultured cells.
10639163|We report here that the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCG1 (ABC8) is induced in monocyte-derived macrophages during cholesterol influx mediated by acetylated low-density lipoprotein.
10639163|Conversely, lipid efflux in cholesterol-laden macrophages, mediated by the cholesterol acceptor HDL(3), suppresses the expression of ABCG1.
10639163|In a comprehensive analysis of the expression and regulation of all currently known human ABC transporters, we identified an additional set of ABC genes whose expression is regulated by cholesterol uptake or HDL(3)-mediated lipid release, suggesting a potential function for these transporters in macrophage lipid homeostasis.
10650953|When Sertoli cells were cultured in serum-free medium to allow the formation of specialized junctions, it was found that PGD-S expression increased steadily with time, coinciding with the formation of inter-Sertoli junctions in vitro.
10650953|However, neither germ cells (using a Sertoli/germ cell ratio between 1:1 and 1:30 when Sertoli cells were cultured at a density of 5x10(4) cells/cm2) nor germ cell-conditioned medium affected the expression of Sertoli cell PGD-S in vitro.
10650953|These results thus unequivocally demonstrated that germ cells do not play a role in regulating testicular PGD-S expression.
10650953|Although FSH, dihydrotestosterone, and testosterone had no apparent effect on Sertoli cell PGD-S expression, the addition of progesterone(1x10(-11) to 1x10(-9) M) and T3 (1x10(-11) to 1x10(-9) M) to Sertoli cell cultures elicited a significant increase in PGD-S expression by as much as 4.5- and 2.5 fold, respectively.
10650953|Both compounds were found to induce Sertoli cell PGD-S expression.
10650953|In summary, PGD-S is a putative Sertoli cell product whose expression is regulated by progesterone, metabolites of vitamin A, and T3.
10652125|We have isolated two Arabidopsis thaliana genes, AtHAL3a and AtHAL3b, showing homology with HAL3, a yeast protein which regulates the cell cycle and tolerance to salt stress through inhibition of the PPZ1 type-1 protein phosphatase.
10652125|AtHAL3a and AtHAL3b are induced by salt stress and AtHAL3a is the most expressed in non-stressed plants, particularly in seeds.
10673050|"Cloning, expression and characterization of a novel human Ras-related protein that is regulated by glucocorticoid hormone."
10673050|Using human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells as a model system, we show that the expression of human DexRas1 is stimulated by dexamethasone, suggesting a role of human DexRas1 in dexamethasone-induced alterations in cell morphology, growth and cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
10708769|In a search for genes induced by DNA-damaging agents, we identified two genes that are activated by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS).
10708769|Expression of both genes is regulated after endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway.
10708769|Treatment with the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin both enhances the synthesis of Mif1 mRNA and protein.
10708769|The Mif1 5' flanking region contains a functional ER stress-responsive element which is sufficient for induction by tunicamycin.
10708769|MMS, on the other hand, activates Mif1 via an UPR-independent pathway.
10712528|"Expression of aluminum-induced genes in transgenic arabidopsis plants can ameliorate aluminum stress and/or oxidative stress."
10712528|To examine the biological role of Al-stress-induced genes, nine genes derived from Arabidopsis, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were expressed in Arabidopsis ecotype Landsberg.
10743657|"Differential regulation of three functional ammonium transporter genes by nitrogen in root hairs and by light in leaves of tomato."
10743657|In roots of hydroponically grown plants, transcript levels of LeAMT1;2 increased after NH4+ or NO3- supply, while LeAMT1;1 was induced by N deficiency coinciding with low glutamine concentrations, and LeAMT1;3 was not detected.
10743657|Growth of plants at elevated CO2 slightly decreased expression of LeAMT1;2 and LeAMT1;3 in leaves, but strongly repressed transcript levels of chloroplast glutamine synthetase and photorespiratory serine hydroxymethyl-transferase.
10743657|Expression of LeAMT1;2 and LeAMT1;3 showed a reciprocal diurnal regulation with highest transcript levels of LeAMT1;3 in darkness and highest levels of LeAMT1;2 after onset of light.
10743657|These results indicate that in tomato at least two high-affinity NH4+ transporters, LeAMT1;1 and LeAMT1;2, are differentially regulated by N and contribute to root hair-mediated NH4+ acquisition from the rhizosphere.
10747295|Androgen stimulation of the LNCaP cells resulted in up-regulation of PGPL, CSFR2A, IL3RA, TSPY, and IL9R and down regulation of SRY, ZFY, and DFFRY.
10747295|The up- and down-regulation of several Y chromosome genes by androgen suggest that they may play a role(s) in the hormonally stimulated proliferation of the responsive LNCaP cells.
10758477|However, their capacity to accumulate nitrate under conditions of nitrate excess was reduced in roots and shoots, by approximately 50%, while chloride, sulphate and phosphate levels were similar to the wild-type.
10758477|Concordant with such a function, AtCLC-a mRNA was found in roots and shoots, and its levels rapidly increased in both tissues upon addition of nitrate but not ammonium to the culture medium.
10773344|Northern blot experiments revealed that all but the CYP76F1 are induced rapidly and transiently in cell cultures upon elicitor treatment.
10781075|The progesterone receptor (PR), a nuclear receptor transcription factor, is induced in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles in response to the LH surge and has been shown to be essential for ovulation, because mice lacking PR fail to ovulate and are infertile.
10781075|Using these mice as a model in which to elucidate PR-regulated genes in the ovulation process, we show that the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 are not targets of PR during ovulation.
10781075|In contrast, two other proteases, ADAMTS-1 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-like motifs) and cathepsin L (a lysosomal cysteine protease), are transcriptional targets of PR action.
10781075|ADAMTS-1 is induced after LH stimulation in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles and depends on PR.
10781075|Cathepsin L is induced in granulosa cells of growing follicles by follicle-stimulating hormone, but the highest levels of cathepsin L mRNA occur in preovulatory follicles in response to LH in a PR-dependent manner.
10799558|To identify genes that are transcriptionally activated when human macrophages accumulate excess lipids, we employed the mRNA differential display technique using RNA isolated from human monocyte-macrophages incubated in the absence or presence of acetylated low density lipoprotein and sterols (cholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol).
10799558|These studies identified a mRNA whose levels were highly induced in lipid-loaded macrophages.
10799558|The mRNA levels of ABC8, the murine homolog of the human white gene, were also induced when a murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, was incubated with acetylated low density lipoprotein and sterols.
10799558|Additional studies demonstrated that white/ABC8 mRNA levels were induced by specific oxysterols that included 25-, 20(S)-, and 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, and by a retinoid X receptor-specific ligand.
10799558|Furthermore, the oxysterol-mediated induction of ABC8 expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages was dependent on the presence of the nuclear oxysterol receptors, liver X receptors (LXRs).
10799558|Macrophages derived from mice lacking both LXRalpha and LXRbeta failed to up-regulate the expression of ABC8 following incubation with 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol.
10799558|Oxysterol-dependent induction of white/ABC8 mRNA was blocked by actinomycin D but not by cycloheximide treatment of cells.
10799558|We conclude that the white and ABC8 genes are primary response genes that are transcriptionally activated by specific oxysterols and that this induction is mediated by the LXR subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors.
10799889|The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 induces the biosynthesis of a number of immunologically important proteins during infection, tissue damage, and/or stress, in part through the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
10799889|Furthermore, we demonstrate that human HepG2 hepatoma cells express both mIL-1RAcP and sIL-1RAcP and that signal transduction in these cells is mediated through IRAK1, IRAK2, and MyD88.
10799889|We show that phorbol esters induce a change in the pre-mRNA splice pattern such that sIL-1RAcP mRNA becomes the dominant form.
10799889|Overexpression of a membrane-anchored fusion protein of sIL-1RAcP and MHC in HepG2 cells inhibits IL-1-mediated NF-kappaB activation, whereas coexpression of IL-1RI with membrane-anchored sIL-1RAcP restores the capacity of the cells to respond to IL-1.
10799889|This suggests that sIL-1RAcP may act as an inhibitor of IL-1 by directly interacting with IL-1RI to abolish its capacity to transduce signal.
10806408|"Germ cell-specific heat shock protein 105 binds to p53 in a temperature-sensitive manner in rat testis."
10806408|Signals of HSP105 were detected immunohistochemically in the germ cells and translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus at 2 days after experimental induction of cryptorchidism.
10806408|In cultured testicular germ cells, a significant increase in the expression of HSP105 in response to heat stress (37 degrees C) was detected in the insoluble protein fractions.
10807793|"The gene for familial Mediterranean fever, MEFV, is expressed in early leukocyte development and is regulated in response to inflammatory mediators."
10807793|In vitro stimulation of monocytes with the proinflammatory agents interferon (IFN) gamma, tumor necrosis factor, and lipopolysaccharide induced MEFV expression, whereas the antiinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor beta inhibited such expression.
10807793|IFN-alpha also induced MEFV expression.
10807793|In granulocytes, MEFV was up-regulated by IFN-gamma and the combination of IFN-alpha and colchicine.
10809011|"Organization and expression of two Arabidopsis DREB2 genes encoding DRE-binding proteins involved in dehydration- and high-salinity-responsive gene expression."
10809011|In plants, a cis-acting element, DRE/CRT, is involved in ABA-independent gene expression in response to dehydration and low-temperature stress.
10809011|Northern analysis showed that both genes are induced by dehydration and high-salt stress.
10809011|Organ-specific northern analysis with gene-specific probes showed that these genes are strongly induced in roots by high-salt stress and in stems and roots by dehydration stress.
10809011|The beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the DREB2 promoters was induced by dehydration and high-salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
10809709|Mutations in albB, -C, and -D resulted in reduction of antilisterial activity and decreased immunity to subtilosin, particularly under anaerobic conditions.
10809709|Construction of an sboX-lacZ translational fusion and analysis of its expression indicate that sboX is induced in stationary phase of anaerobic cultures of JH642.
10811224|c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), a MAP kinase that phosphorylates c-Jun and other components of the AP-1 group of transcription factors, has been implicated in the activation of IL-2 expression.
10811224|However, production of effector T-cell cytokines did require JNK.
10854860|The transcript relative abundance increases in roots in response to sulfate deprivation, which correlated with increased root SO(4)(2-) influx capacity.
10854860|Using buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, we show that glutathione rather than cysteine controls hst1At expression.
10882096|The IRES element is localized to the mRNA coding region, and its activity is cell cycle regulated, which permits translation of p58(PITSLRE) in G2/M.
10892651|to expression is induced by starvation, which is blocked in all arrhythmic central clock mutants, suggesting a direct molecular link between the circadian clock and the feeding/starvation response.
10894171|These molecules are encoded by the retinoic acid early inducible (RAE-1) and H60 minor histocompatibility antigen genes on mouse chromosome 10 and show weak homology with MHC class I.
10894171|Expression of the NKG2D ligands is low or absent on normal, adult tissues; however, they are constitutively expressed on some tumors and upregulated by retinoic acid.
10894724|Here, we present evidence that this switch occurs primarily through the induction of acs and that the timing and magnitude of this induction depend, in part, on the direct action of the carbon regulator cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) and the oxygen regulator FNR.
10894724|It also depends, probably indirectly, upon the glyoxylate shunt repressor IclR, its activator FadR, and many enzymes involved in acetate metabolism.
10894724|On the basis of these results, we propose that cells induce acs, and thus their ability to assimilate acetate, in response to rising cyclic AMP levels, falling oxygen partial pressure, and the flux of carbon through acetate-associated pathways.
10899920|"Dexamethasone induces lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase gene expression in mouse neuronal cells."
10899920|By northern and western assays we show that the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone, an inhibitor of PG production in most tissues, induces L-PGDS mRNA and protein in a dose- and time-dependent fashion in mouse neuronal GT1-7 cells.
10899920|Accordingly, dexamethasone increases cellular L-PGDS enzymatic activity.
10899920|Dexamethasone induced L-PGDS gene transcription in run-on assays and activated the mouse L-PGDS gene promoter in transiently transfected cells.
10899920|It is interesting that the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), which induces the synthesis of PGs in many tissues, inhibited the increase in L-PGDS expression induced by dexamethasone.
10899920|In contrast, neither dexamethasone nor TPA affected the expression of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2.
10899920|Our data demonstrate that dexamethasone induces L-PGDS gene transcription in neuronal cells.
10924478|"The only function of Grauzone required for Drosophila oocyte meiosis is transcriptional activation of the cortex gene."
10924478|The grauzone gene encodes a C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor that binds to the cortex promoter and is necessary for high-level activation of cortex transcription.
10924478|This transgene rescued the meiosis arrest of embryos from these mutants and allowed their complete development, indicating that activation of cortex transcription is the primary role of Grauzone during Drosophila oogenesis.
10926782|Although the molecular mechanism of JH action is not yet known, there is growing circumstantial evidence that JH directly regulates gene expression.
10926782|Cultured Drosophila S2 cells have been used to identify genes whose expression is regulated by JH.
10926782|Employing differential display we identified several genes whose transcripts accumulate in cells treated with the JH agonist methoprene.
10926782|For both genes, transcripts showed rapid and specific induction in the presence of either methoprene or JHIII, but not in the presence of other biologically inactive compounds of similar chemical structure.
10926782|Accumulation of JhI-1 and JhI-26 RNAs requires continuous hormone presence.
10926782|The developmental expression of the two JH-inducible genes corresponds to the abundance profile of JH in vivo.
10926782|Furthermore, topical methoprene application to pupae leads to the ectopic accumulation of JhI-1 and JhI-26 transcripts.
10929111|Plants continuously grown with low sulphate concentrations accumulated high levels of Sultr1;1 and Sultr2;1 mRNA in roots and Sultr2;2 mRNA in leaves.
10929111|The abundance of Sultr1;1 and Sultr2;1 mRNA was increased remarkably in roots by short-term stress caused by withdrawal of sulphate.
10929111|Addition of selenate in the sulphate-sufficient medium increased the sulphate uptake capacity, tissue sulphate content and the abundance of Sultr1;1 and Sultr2;1 mRNA in roots.
10929111|Concomitant decrease of the tissue thiol content after selenate treatment was consistent with the suggested role of glutathione (GSH) as a repressive effector for the expression of sulphate transporter genes.
10945465|"Molecular cloning and characterization of two novel retinoic acid-inducible orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRC5B and GPRC5C)."
10945465|RAIG-2 and RAIG-3 encode open reading frames of 403 and 442 amino acid polypeptides, respectively, and show 58% similarity to the recently identified retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RAIG-1, HGMW-approved symbol RAI3).
10945465|In addition, expression of RAIG-2 and RAIG-3 mRNA was increased following treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid in a manner similar to that previously described for RAIG-1.
10945465|These results suggest that RAIG-1, RAIG-2, and RAIG-3 represent a novel family of retinoic acid-inducible receptors, most closely related to the type 3 GPCR subfamily, and provide further evidence for a linkage between retinoic acid and G-protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathways.
10951210|Northern analyses show a co-ordinated regulation of the expression of both genes by blue light.
10958689|"takeout, a novel Drosophila gene under circadian clock transcriptional regulation."
10958689|We report the identification and characterization of a new Drosophila clock-regulated gene, takeout (to).
10958689|Its gene expression is down-regulated in all of the clock mutants tested.
10958689|In wild-type flies, to mRNA exhibits daily cycling expression but with a novel phase, delayed relative to those of the better-characterized clock mRNAs, period and timeless.
10958689|The circadian delayed transcriptional phase is therefore most likely the result of indirect regulation through unknown transcription factors.
11027272|"Proapoptotic p53-interacting protein 53BP2 is induced by UV irradiation but suppressed by p53."
11027272|53BP2, a p53-interacting protein, enhances p53 transactivation, impedes cell cycle progression, and promotes apoptosis through unknown mechanisms.
11027272|We now demonstrate that endogenous 53BP2 levels increase following UV irradiation induced DNA damage in a p53-independent manner.
11027272|In contrast, we found that the presence of a wild-type (but not mutant) p53 gene suppressed 53BP2 steady-state levels in cell lines with defined p53 genotypes.
11027272|Likewise, expression of a tetracycline-regulated wild-type p53 cDNA in p53-null fibroblasts caused a reduction in 53BP2 protein levels.
11027272|However, 53BP2 levels were not reduced if the tetracycline-regulated p53 cDNA was expressed after UV damage in these cells.
11027272|This suggests that UV damage activates cellular factors that can relieve the p53-mediated suppression of 53BP2 protein.
11027272|These results demonstrate that 53BP2 is a DNA damage-inducible protein that promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis.
11027363|In leaf tissue inoculated with A. brassicicola, the abundance of 168 mRNAs was increased more than 2.5-fold, whereas that of 39 mRNAs was reduced.
11027363|Similarly, the abundance of 192, 221, and 55 mRNAs was highly (>2.5-fold) increased after treatment with SA, MJ, and ethylene, respectively.
11027363|The largest number of genes coinduced (one of four induced genes) and corepressed was found after treatments with SA and MJ.
11027363|In addition, 50% of the genes induced by ethylene treatment were also induced by MJ treatment.
11029411|"Role of TnrA in nitrogen source-dependent repression of Bacillus subtilis glutamate synthase gene expression."
11029411|In Bacillus subtilis, the gltAB operon, encoding glutamate synthase, requires a specific positive regulator, GltC, for its expression.
11029411|In addition, the gltAB operon was shown to be repressed by TnrA, a regulator of several other genes of nitrogen metabolism and active under conditions of ammonium (nitrogen) limitation.
11029411|As is true for other genes, the activity of TnrA at the gltAB promoter was antagonized by glutamine synthetase under certain growth conditions.
11053378|Genetic analysis suggested that clyA is silenced by the nucleoid protein H-NS.
11053378|Purified H-NS protein showed preferential binding to clyA sequences in the promoter region, as evidenced by DNase I footprinting and gel mobility shift assays.
11053378|Transcriptional derepression and activation of a chromosomal clyA::luxAB operon fusion were seen under conditions of H-NS deficiency and SlyA overproduction, respectively.
11053378|Therefore, we suggest that overproduction of SlyA in hns(+) E. coli derepresses clyA transcription by counteracting H-NS.
11053378|The cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) was required for ClyA expression, and it interacted with a predicted, albeit suboptimal, CRP binding site in the clyA upstream region.
11053378|Site-specific alterations of the CRP binding site to match the consensus resulted in substantially higher levels of ClyA expression, while alterations that were predicted to reduce CRP binding reduced ClyA expression.
11053378|During anaerobic growth the fumarate and nitrate reduction regulator (FNR) was important for ClyA expression, and the clyA gene could be activated by overexpression of FNR.
11053378|A major clyA transcript having its 5' end (+1) located 72 bp upstream of the translational start codon and 61 bp downstream of the CRP-FNR binding site was detected in the absence of H-NS.
11053378|The clyA promoter was characterized as a class I promoter that could be transcriptionally activated by CRP and/or FNR.
11053378|We suggest that it represents a regulatory region which is particularly susceptible to H-NS silencing, and its features are discussed in relation to regulation of other silenced operons.
11055951|"A novel selenite- and tellurite-inducible gene in Escherichia coli."
11055951|Through screening of an Escherichia coli luxAB transcriptional gene fusion library, we identified a clone whose luminescence increased in the presence of increasing concentrations of sodium selenite or sodium tellurite.
11055951|Cloning and sequencing of the luxAB junction revealed that the fusion had occurred in a previously uncharacterized open reading frame, termed o393 or yhfC, which we have now designated gutS, for gene up-regulated by tellurite and selenite.
11055951|Transcription from gutS in the presence of selenite or tellurite was confirmed by RNA dot blot analysis.
11067944|"Murine eotaxin-2: A constitutive eosinophil chemokine induced by allergen challenge and IL-4 overexpression."
11067944|Additionally, allergen challenge in the lung with Asperigillus fumigatus or OVA revealed marked induction of eotaxin-2 mRNA.
11067944|Furthermore, eotaxin-2 mRNA was strongly induced by both transgenic over-expression of IL-4 in the lung and administration of intranasal IL-4.
11067944|Analysis of eotaxin-2 mRNA expression in mice transgenic for IL-4 but genetically deficient in STAT-6 revealed that the IL-4-induced expression was STAT-6 dependent.
11067944|Thus, murine eotaxin-2 is a constitutively expressed eosinophil chemokine likely to be involved in homeostatic, allergen-induced, and IL-4-associated immune responses.
11069657|"bgs2+, a sporulation-specific glucan synthase homologue is required for proper ascospore wall maturation in fission yeast."
11069657|The formation of the ascospore cell wall of Schizosaccharomyces pombe requires the co-ordinated activity of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of its components, such as glucans.
11069657|The glucan synthase activity in sporulating diploids bearing a bgs2 deletion was diminished in comparison with that of the wild-type diploids, a fact that underscores the importance of the bgs2+ gene and glucan synthesis for the proper formation and maturation of the ascospore wall.
11082184|A clone containing a 1120-bp ORF, faeB, was obtained which encoded a putative 353-residue preprotein including an 18-residue signal peptide, which when expressed in Eschericia coli produced CE activity.
11082184|Northern analysis showed that transcription of faeB was tightly regulated, being stimulated by growth of the fungus on sugar beet pulp but inhibited by free glucose.
11082184|The faeB promoter sequence contains putative motifs for binding an activator protein, XLNR, and a carbon catabolite repressor protein, CREA.
11085990|"Isolation and characterization of human beta -defensin-3, a novel human inducible peptide antibiotic."
11085990|Tumor necrosis factor alpha and contact with bacteria were found to induce hBD-3 mRNA expression.
11096119|"The fission yeast TOR homolog, tor1+, is required for the response to starvation and other stresses via a conserved serine."
11096119|tor2(+) is an essential gene, whereas tor1(+) is required only under starvation and other stress conditions.
11096119|In complex with the prolyl isomerase FKBP12, the drug rapamycin binds a conserved domain in TORs, FRB, thus inhibiting some of the functions of TORs.
11099417|The two genes are expressed at highest levels in liver and intestine and, in mice, cholesterol feeding up-regulates expressions of both genes.
11108270|"Role of leptin in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 expression."
11108270|Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1), a cold-induced protein expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT), plays a role in adaptive thermogenesis by up-regulating uncoupling proteins (UCP).
11108270|Here, we explore its relationship to the thermogenic actions of leptin, which also up-regulates UCPs.
11108270|We find that PGC-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) is markedly reduced in BAT of obese leptin-deficient (ob/ob mice) and leptin-unresponsive (db/db mice and Zucker diabetic fatty fa/fa rats) rodents.
11108270|Whereas, after cold exposure (6 C for 7 h), PGC-1 mRNA increases 2.6-fold in BAT of lean +/+ rats, it rises only 30% in fa/fa rats.
11108270|Four days after induction of hyperleptinemia (>30 ng/ml) in Wistar rats, by adenovirus gene transfer, PGC-1 mRNA in BAT was 2.3-fold and UCP-1, 4-fold above controls.
11108270|In isolated white adipocytes, PGC-1 mRNA increased 4.4-fold within 6 h of incubation with 20 ng/ml of leptin.
11108270|We conclude that leptin action is required for normal basal and cold-stimulated PGC-1 expression in BAT in rodents and that hyperleptinemia rapidly up-regulates its expression, at least in part, by direct action.
11108736|CDNA cloning and liver-specific regulation by dietary vitamin a and retinoic acid."
11108736|LRAT mRNA was rapidly induced by retinoic acid (RA) in liver of vitamin A-deficient mice and rats (P < 0.01).
11108736|The constitutive expression of liver LRAT during retinoid sufficiency would serve to divert retinol into storage pools, while the curtailment of LRAT expression in retinoid deficiency would maintain retinol for secretion and delivery to peripheral tissues.
11118138|We used high-density oligonucleotide microarrays to examine gene expression in Arabidopsis and found that 6% of the more than 8000 genes on the array exhibited circadian changes in steady-state messenger RNA levels.
11118138|Clusters of circadian-regulated genes were found in pathways involved in plant responses to light and other key metabolic pathways.
11118328|All attacin and diptericin genes are induced after bacterial challenge.
11118328|The 18w mutation particularly affects the induction of AttC, which may be a useful marker for 18w signaling.
11133685|"Increased expression of a novel heat shock protein transcript in the mouse uterus during decidualization and in response to progesterone."
11133685|The objective of the present study was to identify and characterize transcripts whose levels are increased in the mouse uterus during decidualization.
11133685|Finally, we found that progesterone caused a significant increase in the steady-state level of this novel transcript in the uterus when administered to ovariectomized mice.
11133685|In the presence of estradiol-17 beta, this effect was significantly reduced.
11133685|In conclusion, we have identified a novel transcript of a potential heat shock protein whose level is significantly increased in the uterus during decidualization and in response to progesterone.
11158533|"Microarray Analysis of Diurnal and Circadian-Regulated Genes in Arabidopsis."
11158533|At the mRNA level, the expression of some genes changes during the 24-hr period.
11158533|Eleven percent of the genes, encompassing genes expressed at both high and low levels, showed a diurnal expression pattern.
11158533|By clustering microarray data from 47 additional nonrelated experiments, we identified groups of genes regulated only by the circadian clock.
11158533|These groups contained the already characterized clock-associated genes LHY, CCA1, and GI, suggesting that other key circadian clock genes might be found within these clusters.
11185527|Expression of the GPD gene increased when P. sajor-caju was treated with various abiotic stresses, such as salt, cold, heat, and drought.
11185527|There was an eightfold induction by drought treatment.
11185527|Salt and cold stress induced four- and twofold induction of GPD gene expression, respectively.
11185527|There was also a fivefold induction by heat stress.
11185527|The GPD gene exhibits different expression patterns under different stress conditions.
11185527|It reached its maximum expression level within two hours under cold or heat treatment.
11185527|The mRNA levels of this gene increased proportionally to increasing treatment time under salt or dry conditions.
11203701|"TNF signaling via the ligand-receptor pair ectodysplasin and edar controls the function of epithelial signaling centers and is regulated by Wnt and activin during tooth organogenesis."
11203701|The analysis of the effects of eight signaling molecules in the TGFbeta, FGF, Hh, Wnt, and EGF families in tooth explant cultures revealed that the expression of edar was induced by activinbetaA, whereas Wnt6 induced ectodysplasin expression.
11203701|Moreover, ectodysplasin expression was downregulated in branchial arch epithelium and in tooth germs of Lef1 mutant mice, suggesting that signaling by ectodysplasin is regulated by LEF-1-mediated Wnt signals.
11203701|We suggest that activin signaling from mesenchyme induces the expression of the TNF receptor edar in the epithelial signaling centers, thus making them responsive to Wnt-induced ectodysplasin from the nearby ectoderm.
11245466|Prostein expression is androgen responsive because treatment of LNCaP cells with androgen up-regulates prostein message and protein expression levels.
11259415|"NUB1, a NEDD8-interacting protein, is induced by interferon and down-regulates the NEDD8 expression."
11259415|To study how this conjugation pathway is regulated, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening by using NEDD8 as a bait and isolated a cDNA fragment encoding a potent down-regulator of the NEDD8 expression.
11259415|It is an interferon-inducible protein and predominantly localized in the nucleus.
11259415|This reduction is not due to down-regulation of NEDD8 transcription, but due to post-transcriptional mechanism.
11259415|Thus, NUB1 is a strong down-regulator of the NEDD8 expression and appears to play critical roles in regulating biological events, including cell growth.
11259615|"Cell-specific regulation of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression by transforming growth factor-beta(1)."
11259615|Previous studies showed that TGF-beta down-regulates aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) expression in human lung carcinoma cells A549.
11259615|Here we analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which TGF-beta modulates AhR expression.
11259615|TGF-beta exerts cell-specific effects on hAhRP activity.
11259615|Transient overexpression of Smad 2, 3, and 4 indicates that these signal transducers modulate hAhRP activity.
11259615|The down-regulation of AhR by TGF-beta is modulated by 5'-TG-3'-interacting factor (TGIF).
11259615|Transient overexpression of TGIF in MDA-MB231 and HepG2 cells led to inhibition of hAhRP activity and a similar decrease of AhR mRNA expression.
11259615|Our findings indicate that Smad proteins are involved in the cell-specific regulation of AhR expression by TGF-beta.
11266509|"The alpha-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel is an aldosterone-induced transcript in mammalian collecting ducts, and this transcriptional response is mediated via distinct cis-elements in the 5'-flanking region of the gene."
11266509|Aldosterone stimulates Na(+) reabsorption in the collecting ducts by increasing the activity of the epithelial sodium channel, ENaC.
11266509|Systemic administration of aldosterone increases alpha ENaC mRNA expression in mammalian kidney, suggesting that the alpha ENaC gene is a target for aldosterone action in the distal nephron.
11266509|Both dexamethasone and aldosterone stimulated alpha ENaC-coupled reporter gene activity via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and this response correlated with the effect of these hormones on endogenous alpha ENaC expression.
11266509|The aldosterone-stimulated alpha ENaC expression was blocked by actinomycin D, and aldosterone had no effect on alpha ENaC mRNA decay, confirming a transcriptional effect.
11266509|In HT-29 cells, a GR/mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-deficient colonic cell line with constitutive alpha ENaC expression, cotransfection with GR or MR restored aldosterone-stimulated alpha ENaC gene transcription, although aldosterone had a functional preference for MR.
11266509|Analysis of deletion constructs confirmed that a single imperfect glucocorticoid response element (GRE) is necessary and sufficient to confer the aldosterone responsiveness to the alpha ENaC gene promoter in MDCK-C7 and HT-29 cells.
11266509|These results confirm that alpha ENaC is an aldosterone-induced transcript in the collecting duct and delineates the molecular mechanism for this effect.
11274192|Both Ctr4 and Ctr5 are integral membrane proteins, are co-regulated by copper levels and the copper-sensing transcription factor Cuf1, physically associate in vivo, are interdependent for secretion to the plasma membrane, and are each essential for high affinity copper transport.
11278556|Regulation of the AtLPP1 gene in response to stress."
11278556|An Arabidopsis thaliana gene (AtLPP1) was isolated on the basis that it was transiently induced by ionizing radiation.
11278556|AtLPP1, but not AtLPP2, was regulated in response to various stress conditions.
11278556|The AtLPP1 gene was transiently induced by genotoxic stress (gamma ray or UV-B) and elicitor treatments with mastoparan and harpin.
11278556|The regulation of the AtLPP1 gene in response to stress was consistent with the hypothesis that its encoded lipid phosphate phosphatase enzyme may attenuate the signaling functions of phosphatidate and/or diacylglycerol pyrophosphate that form in response to stress in plants.
11283292|Transcription of a dicistronic ybcZ--ylcA mRNA and a tetracistronic ylcBCD--ybdE mRNA was induced by silver and was initiated from the sigma-70 promoters ylcAp and ylcBp.
11283292|Expression of beta-galactosidase activity from a Phi(ylcBp--lacZ) operon fusion was also induced by Ag(+) and Cu(2+), but not by Zn(2+).
11331609|SHARP is a potent transcriptional repressor whose repression domain (RD) interacts directly with SMRT and at least five members of the NuRD complex including HDAC1 and HDAC2.
11331609|In addition, SHARP binds to the steroid receptor RNA coactivator SRA via an intrinsic RNA binding domain and suppresses SRA-potentiated steroid receptor transcription activity.
11331609|Surprisingly, the expression of SHARP is itself steroid inducible, suggesting a simple feedback mechanism for attenuation of the hormonal response.
11350071|"Characterization of the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase and its gene regulation in stress response of Schizosaccharomyces pombe."
11350071|The sod2+ expression was induced by external stresses, such as treatments with superoxide generators, high osmolarity, and heat.
11350071|The induction by these stress treatments depended on Wis1-Spc1 MAPK signal transduction pathway being independent of transcription factors Atf1 or Pap1.
11356678|"Male germ cells regulate transcription of the cathepsin l gene by rat Sertoli cells."
11356678|It is well known that male germ cells regulate the steady state levels of numerous transcripts expressed by Sertoli cells.
11356678|This study used two experimental approaches to test the hypothesis that germ cells regulate transcription of the cathepsin L gene by rat Sertoli cells.
11356678|We examined this gene because, in vivo, steady state levels of cath L messenger RNA in Sertoli cells change in a stage-specific manner as the surrounding germ cells progress through the 14 stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium.
11356678|The results demonstrate that transcription of the cath L gene by Sertoli cells is 7-fold higher at stages VI-VII than at stages IX-XII.
11356678|The second experimental approach examined the ability of germ cells to regulate the activity of cath L reporter constructs in mature Sertoli cells.
11356678|However, germ cells only affected the activity of the larger construct in Sertoli cells, which was reduced by 30%.
11356678|We conclude that germ cells regulate transcription of the cath L gene by Sertoli cells and that repressive effects of germ cells are mediated by elements upstream from nucleotide -244 of this gene.
11359770|"Epsin 3 is a novel extracellular matrix-induced transcript specific to wounded epithelia."
11359770|Epsin 3 mRNA and protein were undetectable in keratinocytes isolated from unwounded skin, but induced in cells following contact with fibrillar type I collagen.
11359770|The native triple helical structure of collagen was required to mediate this response as cells failed to express epsin 3 when plated on gelatin.
11359770|In contrast to other known epsins, epsin 3 was restricted to keratinocytes migrating across collagen and down-regulated following cell differentiation, suggesting that expression was spatially and temporally regulated.
11359770|Intriguingly, Northern hybridization and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction experiments indicated that epsin 3 expression was restricted to epithelial wounds or pathologies exhibiting altered cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
11359770|Thus, we have identified a novel type I collagen-induced epsin that demonstrates structural and behavioral similarity to this gene family, yet exhibits restricted and regulated expression, suggesting that epsin 3 may serve an important function in activated epithelial cells during tissue morphogenesis.
11374862|"Molecular cloning and characterization of mouse EBAG9, homolog of a human cancer associated surface antigen: expression and regulation by estrogen."
11374862|In the uterus, a target organ for estrogen, the EBAG9 was shown to be upregulated in vivo by 17beta-estradiol.
11374862|These findings suggest that EBAG9 is an in vivo estrogen-responsive gene that inhibits the cell growth.
11384645|"Expression of aminopeptidase N in human endometrium and regulation of its activity by estrogen."
11384645|To determine whether aminopeptidase N (APN) regulates the cycle-dependent bioavailability of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the endometrium.
11384645|We then determined the regulation of APN kinetic activity by sex steroids in endometrial stromal cell cultures.
11384645|Regulation of APN activity by estradiol and progesterone in cultured endometrial stromal cells.
11384645|In cultured cells, estradiol inhibited APN activity in a concentration-dependent manner.
11389439|"Apaf-1 is a transcriptional target for E2F and p53."
11389439|Inactivation of pRB results in deregulated E2F activity, which in turn induces entry to S-phase and apoptosis.
11389439|Here we show that E2F1 directly regulates the expression of Apaf-1, the gene for apoptosis protease-activating factor 1.
11389439|Furthermore, because the pRB pathway is functionally inactivated in most cancers, the identification of Apaf-1 as a transcriptional target for E2F might explain the increased sensitivity of tumour cells to chemotherapy.
11389439|We also show that, independently of the pRB pathway, Apaf-1 is a direct transcriptional target of p53, suggesting that p53 might sensitize cells to apoptosis by increasing Apaf-1 levels.
11396676|"Nicastrin, a key regulator of presenilin function, is expressed constitutively in human neural cell lines."
11396676|To investigate the constitutive and cytokine/neurotrophic factor-regulated expression of nicastrin in human neural cells, its mRNA levels were studied by RT-PCR and northern blot analysis in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells, IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells, U-373MG astrocytoma cells, and NTera2 teratocarcinoma-derived differentiated neurons (NTera2-N) following exposure to TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, BDNF, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.
11396676|The levels of nicastrin mRNA, however, were unaltered in SK-N-SH, IMR-32, U-373MG, and NTera2-N cells by exposure to the factors tested, and unchanged in NTera2 cells during retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation.
11396676|These results indicate that nicastrin mRNA is expressed constitutively in human neural cell lines, where its expression is not regulated at the transcriptional level by a battery of cytokines and growth/differentiation factors which are supposed to be involved in amyloidogenesis, neurodegeneration or neuroprotection in AD brains.
11413000|"Zebrafish pea3 and erm are general targets of FGF8 signaling."
11413000|Here, we propose that two zebrafish ETS genes, pea3 and erm, are general targets of FGF8 signaling, based upon the following observations: both genes are expressed around all early FGF8 signaling sources, both genes are downregulated in fgf8 mutant embryos in all tissues known to require fgf8 function, apharmacological inhibitor of the FGF pathway completely abolishes expression of both genes, and ectopic expression of fgf8 is sufficient to induce both genes.
11413000|The finding that pea3 and erm are common transcriptional targets of FGF8 signaling suggests that they are general mediators of FGF8 signaling during development.
11413000|To test whether this differential expression is established by FGF8, we have induced FGF8 ectopically and show that it is sufficient to recapitulate the endogenous nested expression pattern of pea3 and erm.
11425467|"Identification of a cadmium-induced gene in Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis."
11425467|A 17-kDa protein (CadI) was induced by cadmium in Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
11425467|Only the long fragment directed cadmium-inducible activity when electroporated into M. bovis.
11425467|The cadI promoter has potential for both constitutive and inducible expression studies in M. bovis and M. tuberculosis.
11425483|"Protein synthesis patterns in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus induced by phenol and catechol show specificities of responses to chemostress."
11425483|The proteins induced in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus by the potentially toxic growth substrates phenol and catechol were analyzed by 2D-electrophoresis of cell extracts and compared with those induced by heat shock and oxidative stress.
11425483|Phenol has greater lipophilicity and mainly induced heat shock proteins, whereas catechol, which causes the production of reactive oxygen species, predominantly induced oxidative stress proteins.
11425483|Furthermore, some special proteins were induced by phenol or catechol, which might be useful as biomarkers for chemostress, and could be involved in the catalytic degradation of potentially toxic compounds.
11425747|The amount of the small tetraheme cytochrome is regulated by anaerobiosis, but not by fumarate.
11425747|The larger of the two low-potential cytochromes contains tetraheme and flavin domains and is regulated by anaerobiosis and by fumarate and thus most nearly corresponds to the flavocytochrome c-fumarate reductase previously characterized from S. frigidimarina to which it is 59% identical.
11434463|Antimycin A, the respiratory inhibitor, strongly increased the expression of AOX1a but had no effect on the expression of AOX2.
11448759|Analysis of Hb synthesis in stressed rice showed that: (i) level of Hbs was higher in etiolated than control plants, (ii) level of Hbs increased in roots from flooded rice, and (iii) level of Hbs did not change under oxidative (H(2)O(2)), nitrosative (SNP) and hormonal (2,4-D) stresses.
11448759|These results suggest that the effect of light withdrawal in etiolated leaves and O(2)-limiting conditions in flooded roots, but not oxidative, nitrosative and hormonal stresses, modulate the synthesis of rice Hbs.
11449049|"Evidence for an important role of WRKY DNA binding proteins in the regulation of NPR1 gene expression."
11449049|Expression of NPR1 is induced by pathogen infection or treatment with defense-inducing compounds such as salicylic acid (SA).
11449049|In the present study, we report the identification of W-box sequences in the promoter region of the NPR1 gene that are recognized specifically by SA-induced WRKY DNA binding proteins from Arabidopsis.
11449049|Mutations in these W-box sequences abolished their recognition by WRKY DNA binding proteins, rendered the promoter unable to activate a downstream reporter gene, and compromised the ability of NPR1 to complement npr1 mutants for SA-induced defense gene expression and disease resistance.
11449049|Consistent with this model, we found that SA-induced expression of a number of WRKY genes was independent of NPR1.
11449050|"One plant actin isovariant, ACT7, is induced by auxin and required for normal callus formation."
11449050|Here we demonstrate that the promoter and the protein product of one of the Arabidopsis vegetative actin genes, ACT7, are rapidly and strongly induced in response to exogenous auxin in the cultured tissues of Arabidopsis.
11452028|"Expression of hsp16 in response to nucleotide depletion is regulated via the spc1 MAPK pathway in Schizosaccharomyces pombe."
11452028|A universal response to elevated temperature and other forms of physiological stress is the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs).
11452028|Heat shock treatment increases expression of the hsp16 gene by 64-fold in wild-type cells and 141-fold in cdc22-M45 (ribonucleotide reductase) mutant cells.
11452028|Nucleotide depletion or DNA damage as occurs in cdc22-M45 mutant cells, or during hydroxyurea or camptothecin treatment, is sufficient to activate hsp16 expression through atf1.
11489864|"Regulation of the glv operon in Bacillus subtilis: YfiA (GlvR) is a positive regulator of the operon that is repressed through CcpA and cre."
11489864|When cultured in Difco sporulation medium containing citrate, this transformant [AMGLV(pHYCM2VR)] expressed LacZ activity, but synthesis of LacZ was repressed by glucose.
11489864|In an isogenic strain, [AMGLVCR(pHYCM2VR)], except for a mutation in the sequence of a catabolite-responsive element (cre), LacZ activity was expressed in the presence of citrate and glucose.
11489864|In the presence of both glucose and citrate, AMCMVR failed to express the glv operon, whereas under the same conditions high-level expression of both mRNA transcripts was found in strain AMCMVRCC.
11489864|Collectively, our findings suggest that GlvR (the product of the glvR gene) is a positive regulator of the glv operon and that glucose exerts its effect via catabolite repression requiring both CcpA and cre.
11500413|In contrast, ftsK and ftsW, encoding products for bacterial cell division, were expressed in untreated cells, but expression was attenuated in cells treated with low-dose IFN-gamma and absent in cells given the high dose of cytokine.
11506354|The analysis of the transcriptional regulation revealed that expression of AtCNGC2 is low in etiolated seedlings but increases substantially during de etiolation.
11506354|The use of promoter::GUS plants revealed that expression of AtCNGC2 in seedlings is highest in cotyledons after release of the developmental arrest by light.
11506354|Furthermore, expression of AtCNGC2 was transiently induced during leaf and cell culture senescence.
11520667|In situ hybridization analysis in wild-type and acerebellar (ace) mutant embryos defective for fgf8 demonstrates a requirement of Fgf8 for normal expression levels of erm and pea3 transcripts in and close to various domains of Fgf8 action, including the prospective midbrain-hindbrain region, the somites, the neural crest, the forebrain, and developing eyes.
11520667|Morpholino-oligomer-assisted gene knock-down experiments targeted against fgf8 and fgf3 suggest that Fgf3 and Fgf8 are co-regulators of these genes in the early forebrain anlage.
11520667|Furthermore, inhibition of Fgf signaling by overexpression of sprouty4 or application of the Fgf inhibitor SU5402 leads to a loss of all erm and pea3 expression domains.
11520667|Conversely, ectopically provided fgf3 mRNA or implanted beads coated with Fgf8 elicit ectopic transcription of erm and pea3.
11520667|We conclude that both the transcriptional onset and maintenance of these factors are tightly coupled to Fgf signaling and propose that erm and pea3 transcription is a direct readout of cells to Fgf levels.
11526076|phyl is expressed specifically in SOP cells and other neural precursors, and its mRNA level is negatively regulated by N signaling.
11533224|"Identification of genes expressed in the amygdala during the formation of fear memory."
11533224|Through the combination of a behavioral training scheme with polymerase chain reaction-based expression analysis (subtractive hybridization and virtual Northern analysis) we were able to identify various gene products that are increased in expression after Pavlovian fear conditioning and are of potential significance for neural plasticity and information storage in the amygdala.
11533224|In particular, a key enzyme of monoamine metabolism, aldehyde reductase, and the protein sorting and ubiquitination factor Praja1, showed pronounced and learning-specific induction six hours after fear conditioning training.
11533224|Aldehyde reductase and Praja1, including a novel alternatively spliced isoform termed Praja1a, were induced in the BLA depending on the emotional stimulus presented and showed different expression levels in response to associative conditioning, training stress, and experience of conditioned fear.
11533224|Stress and fear were further found to induce various signal transduction factors (transthyretin, phosphodiesterase1, protein kinase inhibitor-alpha) and structural reorganization factors (e.g., E2-ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, neuroligin1, actin, UDP-galactose transporter) during training.
11564866|Finally, we demonstrate that the ChET 9 promoter contains a consensus E2F binding site, can be activated by E2F1, and drives expression of an mRNA that is upregulated in colon and liver tumors.
11566180|"ATRA-regulated Asb-2 gene induced in differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells."
11566180|In this study, we screened the specific genes expressed in the course of differentiation of HL-60 cells, and demonstrated that ASB-2, one of the ASB proteins, was rapidly induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA).
11566180|These findings indicate that ASB-2 is directly induced by ATRA and may act as a significant regulator, underlying such physiological processes as cell differentiation.
11567033|Injury-induced cytochrome c-specific cleavage of caspase-9 followed by activation of caspase-3 in mature brain correlated with marked increases in Apaf-1 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression.
11580832|"Environmental control of invasin expression in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is mediated by regulation of RovA, a transcriptional activator of the SlyA/Hor family."
11580832|We investigated invasin expression and found that the inv gene is regulated in response to a variety of environmental signals, such as temperature, growth phase, nutrients, osmolarity and pH, and requires the product of rovA, a member of the SlyA/Hor transcriptional activator family.
11580832|Furthermore, we showed that a rovA-lacZ fusion is only slightly expressed in a rovA mutant strain, indicating that a positive autoregulatory mechanism is also involved in rovA expression.
11595771|"Regulated expression of an actin-associated protein, synaptopodin, during long-term potentiation."
11595771|We report NMDA receptor-dependent expression of synaptopodin mRNA in the dentate granule cells of the hippocampus following induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in vivo.
11595771|An increased level of synaptopodin mRNA was observed at 75 min and 3.5 h after the onset of LTP.
11595771|Importantly, there was correlation between the induction of mRNA expression and the persistence of LTP.
11595771|Synaptopodin immunoreactivity was elevated specifically in synaptic layers, middle and outer molecular layers of dentate gyrus where LTP was induced.
11606460|When Leydig cells isolated from 2-wk-old mouse testis were cultured in the presence of T, mKlk21 expression was induced significantly.
11607429|"Ethylene induces de novo synthesis of chlorophyllase, a chlorophyll degrading enzyme, in Citrus fruit peel."
11607429|Treatment with ethylene, which enhances degreening, increased Chlase activity 12-fold.
11607429|Gibberellin A3 and N6-benzyladenine partly counteracted the ethylene-induced increase in Chlase activity as well as the immunodetected upsurge of the Chlase protein.
11607429|Ethylene appears to enhance the degreening of citrus fruit through de novo synthesis of the Chlase protein, which in turn is inhibited by the senescence-delaying regulators, gibberellin A3 and N6-benzyladenine.
11672541|"Interferon-alpha-induced endogenous superantigen.
11672541|Expression of HERV-K18 SAgs is inducible by IFN-alpha and this is sufficient to stimulate Vbeta7 T cells to levels comparable to transfectants constitutively expressing HERV-K18 SAgs.
11672541|Endogenous SAgs induced via IFN-alpha by viral infections is a novel mechanism through which environmental factors may cause disease in genetically susceptible individuals.
11682484|Here we have identified the human ankyrin repeat-containing protein with a suppressor of cytokine signaling box-2 (ASB-2) cDNA, as a novel RA-induced gene in APL cells.
11682484|PML-RARalpha strongly enhanced RA-induced ASB-2 mRNA expression.
11684292|Semi-quantitative RT-PCR suggested that CIRE is down-regulated upon activation.
11703071|The steady-state levels of tVIP-R mRNA were only affected in the pituitary, whereas mRNA expression in any of the other tissues examined following the immunization of turkeys against VIP were not affected.
11705955|Genes activated 24 h following infection were biosynthesis- and metabolism-associated genes (iron binding protein and rhizopine catabolism).
11706184|Gene expression in response to Fe deficiency was analyzed in Arabidopsis roots and shoots through the use of a cDNA collection representing at least 6,000 individual gene sequences.
11706184|An expression analysis of genes in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative pentose phosphate pathway revealed an induction of several enzymes within 3 d of Fe-deficient growth, indicating an increase in respiration in response to Fe deficiency.
11719206|"Circadian regulation of gene expression systems in the Drosophila head."
11724964|"Candidate odorant receptors from the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae and evidence of down-regulation in response to blood feeding."
11724964|Furthermore, one of the putative A. gambiae odorant receptors exhibits female-specific antennal expression and is down-regulated 12 h after blood feeding, a period during which substantial reduction in olfactory responses to human odorants has been observed.
11741840|Trypsin activity is needed for the growth phase-dependent transcriptional activation of RumA operons.
11748215|Sampling at four time points during the first 24 h after infiltration revealed significant changes in the steady state transcript levels of approximately 650 genes within 10 min and a massive shift in gene expression patterns by 7 h involving approximately 2,000 genes representing many cellular processes.
11755109|"In vivo up-regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in a dioxin-resistant rat model."
11755109|The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and regulates expression of several genes such as CYP1A1.
11755109|TCDD at 5 microg/kg produced a 2- to 3-fold increase in cytosolic AHR in all strains; 50 microg/kg produced depletion at day 1 followed by recovery in SD and H/W but not L-E rats.
11755109|This up-regulation in vivo is in contrast to the sustained depletion of AHR caused by TCDD in cell culture.
11755109|There was no clear relationship between AHR regulation and strain sensitivity; thus, the large inherent strain differences in susceptibility to TCDD lethality probably are not explained by differential regulation of AHR by TCDD.
11772409|"Differential induction of mafF, mafG and mafK expression by electrophile-response-element activators."
11772409|Because small Maf proteins have been implicated in electrophile response element (EpRE)-mediated stress response, the ability of three EpRE activators [pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and t-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ)] to induce small Maf expression was examined in detail in HepG2 cells.
11772409|Both PDTC and PEITC induced mafF, mafG and mafK expression, whereas tBHQ failed to markedly induce any of the three small Mafs.
11772409|PDTC also induced small Maf expression in the other cell lines examined, with patterns of induction varying among cell lines.
11772409|The differences in expression among the cell lines examined, coupled with the induction patterns observed, indicate that the three small maf genes are stress-responsive, but may be regulated via differing mechanisms.
11772409|Furthermore, the fact that tBHQ, PDTC and PEITC induce EpRE activity, but that tBHQ fails to markedly induce any of the small Mafs, suggests that up-regulation of small Mafs is not an absolute requirement for EpRE-mediated gene expression.
11787059|"Proline-rich transcript of the brain (prtb) is a serum-responsive gene in osteoblasts and upregulated during adhesion."
11787059|Northern analysis confirmed a two-fold increase in prtb message during adhesion to tissue culture polystyrene, both in the presence or absence of surface-adsorbed serum proteins.
11787059|Serum stimulation alone was also able to induce prtb expression, although to a lesser extent, in suspension cells.
11787059|Time course analysis of prtb expression during adhesion of sensitized osteoblasts to serum-protein coated surfaces showed robust mRNA expression at 5 min post-plating and a peak at 10 min.
11787059|The two known serum-inducible immediate early genes c-fos and c-jun showed similar expression kinetics, with c-jun mRNA levels peaking at 15 min and c-fos at 20 min.
11787059|Based on these data, we hypothesize that prtb may function as an immediate early, serum-responsive, and adhesion-inducible gene with possible involvement in processes such as cell cycle control, adhesion, and proliferation.
11821380|"Plunc, a member of the secretory gland protein family, is up-regulated in nasal respiratory epithelium after olfactory bulbectomy."
11821380|The expression of plunc was up-regulated after bulbectomy in respiratory epithelium.
11821380|This is the first protein found in respiratory epithelium whose expression is regulated by olfactory neuronal injury and may provide protection against infection subsequent to injury.
11844765|We found that transcription of the pdxA and pdxB genes, which mediate steps in the biosynthesis of the essential coenzyme pyridoxal 5"-phosphate, and the ksgA gene, which encodes an rRNA modification enzyme and is partly cotranscribed with pdxA, is subject to positive growth rate regulation in Escherichia coli K-12.
11844765|The amounts of the pdxA-ksgA cotranscript and ksgA-specific transcript were repressed in the presence of high intracellular concentrations of guanosine tetraphosphate; however, this effect was independent of relA function for the pdxA-ksgA cotranscript.
11846879|We have previously reported that Sultr1;1 is a high-affinity sulfate transporter expressed in root hairs, epidermal and cortical cells of Arabidopsis roots, and its expression is strongly upregulated in plants deprived of external sulfate.
11846879|Sultr1;1 mRNA was abundantly expressed under low-sulfur conditions (50-100 microm sulfate), whereas Sultr1;2 mRNA accumulated constitutively at high levels under a wide range of sulfur conditions (50-1500 microm sulfate), indicating that Sultr1;2 is less responsive to changes in sulfur conditions.
11846879|Addition of selenate to the medium increased the level of Sultr1;1 mRNA in parallel with a decrease in the internal sulfate pool in roots.
11846879|Antisense plants of Sultr1;1 showed reduced accumulation of sulfate in roots, particularly in plants treated with selenate, suggesting that the inducible transporter Sultr1;1 contributes to the uptake of sulfate under stressed conditions.
11847241|"Ethylene-responsive genes are differentially regulated during abscission, organ senescence and wounding in peach (Prunus persica)."
11847241|Ethylene-responsive genes from peach (Prunus persica, L. Batsch) were isolated by differential screening of a cDNA library constructed from abscission zones in which cell separation had been evoked by treatment with the ethylene analogue propylene.
11847241|The PpAz152 transcript showed a different accumulation pattern being consistently and promptly induced by wounding and only slightly stimulated by propylene.
11847241|By contrast, a complex pattern of transcript accumulation was found for the four genes in response to the wounding of leaves and during organ development and senescence.
11850811|"Novel estrogen and tamoxifen induced genes identified by SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)."
11850811|We utilized SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) technology to identify genes regulated by estrogen and tamoxifen in the ZR75-1 estrogen dependent breast cancer cell line.
11850811|In this manner we have identified several genes that were regulated by estrogen or tamoxifen.
11850811|EIT-6 appears to be a direct transcriptional target of the estrogen receptor and constitutive expression of EIT-6 promotes colony growth in human breast cancer cells.
11850827|"Estrogen induction and overexpression of fibulin-1C mRNA in ovarian cancer cells."
11850827|Fibulin-1 is an extracellular matrix protein induced by estradiol in estrogen receptor (ER) positive ovarian cancer cell lines.
11850827|In the BG1 estrogen receptor positive ovarian cancer cell line, fibulin-1C mRNA was induced by estradiol in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
11850827|Fibulin-1C was induced by estradiol in ERalpha- but not ERbeta-infected cells, suggesting that fibulin-1C induction is mediated through ERalpha.
11861404|"retSDR1, a short-chain retinol dehydrogenase/reductase, is retinoic acid-inducible and frequently deleted in human neuroblastoma cell lines."
11861404|Its expression is strongly, but differently, regulated by retinoids in NB cell lines, and it is widely expressed in human tissues, which suggests that it is involved in a more general retinol metabolic pathway.
11861404|Both the retinoic acid-dependent and the exogenous expression of retSDR1 in SK-N-AS cells induce the accumulation of retinyl esters, which indicates that it is involved in generating storage forms of retinol in tissues exposed to physiological retinol concentrations.
11875555|We developed an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cell system based on the induction of early-defence gene transcription by flagellin, a highly conserved component of bacterial flagella that functions as a PAMP in plants and mammals.
11882885|We have identified a gene in the anhydrobiotic nematode Aphelenchus avenae that is upregulated in response to desiccation stress and whose encoded protein shares sequence similarity with a late-embryonic gene that is induced in many plants when they are deprived of water.
11886771|These three AMPs were found to be induced upon systemic bacterial infection and also after per os infections by bacteria and parasites.
11889033|"The ANGUSTIFOLIA gene of Arabidopsis, a plant CtBP gene, regulates leaf-cell expansion, the arrangement of cortical microtubules in leaf cells and expression of a gene involved in cell-wall formation."
11889033|Furthermore, microarray analysis suggested that the AN gene might regulate the expression of certain genes, e.g. the gene involved in formation of cell walls, MERI5.
11891286|Northern blot analysis showed that MTT1 mRNA is not detectable in the absence of Cd(2+), is induced within 10 min of its addition, is expressed in proportion to its concentration, and rapidly disappears upon its withdrawal.
11898023|Here we report the isolation of KRYPTONITE, a methyltransferase gene specific to H3 Lys 9, identified in a mutant screen for suppressors of gene silencing at the Arabidopsis thaliana SUPERMAN (SUP) locus.
11931668|"The Aspergillus niger faeB gene encodes a second feruloyl esterase involved in pectin and xylan degradation and is specifically induced in the presence of aromatic compounds."
11931668|The expression of faeB is specifically induced in the presence of certain aromatic compounds, but not in the presence of other constituents present in plant-cell-wall polysaccharides such as arabinoxylan or pectin.
11931668|All three genes have different subsets of aromatic compounds that induce their expression, indicating the presence of different transcription activating systems in A. niger that respond to aromatic compounds.
11934861|The knox gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) negatively regulates ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) which, in turn, negatively regulates other knox genes including KNAT1 and KNAT2, and positively regulates the novel gene LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB).
11972784|Transcription of the P. gingivalis rubrerythrin gene is induced above its constitutive anaerobic level in response to dioxygen or hydrogen peroxide exposures.
11997110|"A second stress-inducible glutathione S-transferase gene from Schizosaccharomyces pombe."
11997110|The synthesis of beta-galactosidase from the fusion plasmid is greatly enhanced by the treatments with oxidative stresses such as menadione and mercuric chloride.
11997110|It is also induced by o-dinitrobenzene, one of the GST substrates.
11997110|NO-generating S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine has a weak induction effect on the expression of GST II gene.
12010746|"A homolog of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rbx1 is induced during hyperosmotic stress of salmon."
12010746|Using differential display of mRNA expression, we cloned a 1.9-kb cDNA upregulated in isolated tissues of salmon exposed to the hyperosmotic stress associated with transition to the dehydrating marine environment.
12010746|Moderate hyperosmotic stress (24 h at 550 mosmol/kg) increased Shop21 transcript 10-fold in branchial lamellae, whereas no upregulation was observed under more severe stress (> or = 800 mosmol/kg).
12010746|Replacement of NaCl with mannitol, but not glycerol, also elicited an increase in Shop21 mRNA.
12010746|Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and mitogen-activated extracellular regulated kinase kinase signal transduction pathways failed to blunt the Shop21 response during hyperosmotic stress.
12010746|Shop21 mRNA also accumulated during thermal stress but to a lesser extent than heat shock protein 70 mRNA.
12010746|The potential importance of Shop21 to the living animal is suggested by marked upregulation of the gene in salmon after transfer to seawater.
12032171|"Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces expression of ABCA1 but not ABCG1 via an LXR-independent pathway."
12032171|They are ubiquitously expressed and are subject to regulation by cholesterol loading or by treatment with agents that activate the nuclear hormone receptor LXR.
12032171|LPS treatment leads to a rapid, dose-dependent increase of ABCA1 but not ABCG1 mRNA expression.
12032171|Analysis of mouse livers showed that LPS treatment decreases expression of CYP7A, another target gene of LXR.
12032171|When THP-1 cells were transfected with the ABCA1 promoter construct (-928 to +101 bp), promoter activity was significantly increased by treatment of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol but not by LPS.
12032171|Together, these studies show that LPS regulates ABCA1 expression through an LXR-independent mechanism.
12032171|Further studies showed that treatment with Rhodobacter sphaeroiders LPS, an LPS antagonist, or PD169316, a specific p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, prevented the induction of ABCA1 by LPS.
12032171|Therefore, this suggests that both transport of LPS from the plasma membrane to an intracellular site and activation of p38 MAP kinase are involved in the LPS-mediated induction of ABCA1.
12057949|"Differential regulation of multiple proteins of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by the transcriptional regulator SlyA."
12057949|In both cases, comparative analysis of the two-dimensional protein maps of a wild-type strain, a SlyA-overproducing derivative, and a corresponding slyA mutant revealed numerous proteins whose expression appeared to be either positively or negatively controlled by SlyA.
12057949|Twenty of the putative SlyA-induced proteins and 13 of the putative SlyA-repressed proteins of the tested EIEC strain were identified by mass spectrometry.
12057949|Furthermore, the implication of SlyA in the regulation of several of the identified E. coli proteins was confirmed at the level of transcription with lacZ fusions.
12057949|Twenty-three of the Salmonella serovar Typhimurium proteins found to be affected by SlyA were also identified by mass spectrometry.
12062805|Northern blot analysis shows that ZHX1 messenger RNA is expressed ubiquitously and that the level in the ovary are not regulated by gonadotropins.
12065666|"A novel seven transmembrane receptor induced during the early steps of astrocyte differentiation identified by differential expression."
12065666|Here, we report 38 cDNAs induced in type-2 astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or both differentiated states.
12065666|In addition several novel genes were identified; among these was a gene induced during the very early stages of astrocyte differentiation that we have named Ieda (induced early in differentiating astrocytes).
12068110|Approximately 8% of these genes were altered by wounding at steady-state mRNA levels.
12068110|For example, a number of wound-responsive genes encode proteins involved in pathogen response.
12068110|Many osmotic stress- and heat shock-regulated genes were highly responsive to wounding.
12068110|Although a number of genes involved in ethylene, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid pathways were activated, many in auxin responses were suppressed by wounding.
12068113|"Potentiation of developmentally regulated plant defense response by AtWRKY18, a pathogen-induced Arabidopsis transcription factor."
12068113|AtWRKY18 is a pathogen- and salicylic acid-induced Arabidopsis transcription factor containing the plant-specific WRKY zinc finger DNA-binding motif.
12071968|Here we show that UP12 accumulates under various growth inhibitory conditions and induced by heat shock.
12107143|"pH-dependent expression of periplasmic proteins and amino acid catabolism in Escherichia coli."
12107143|2-D gel analysis revealed the pH dependence of 19 proteins not previously known to be pH dependent.
12107143|At low pH, several acetate-induced proteins were elevated (LuxS, Tpx, and YfiD), whereas acetate-repressed proteins were lowered (Pta, TnaA, DksA, AroK, and MalE).
12107143|The amplified proton gradient could also be responsible for the acid induction of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) enzymes SucB and SucC.
12107143|In addition to the autoinducer LuxS, low pH induced another potential autoinducer component, the LuxH homolog RibB.
12107143|pH modulated the expression of several periplasmic and outer membrane proteins: acid induced YcdO and YdiY; base induced OmpA, MalE, and YceI; and either acid or base induced OmpX relative to pH 7.
12107143|Two pH-dependent periplasmic proteins were redox modulators: Tpx (acid-induced) and DsbA (base-induced).
12107143|The locus alx, induced in extreme base, was identified as ygjT, whose product is a putative membrane-bound redox modulator.
12107143|The cytoplasmic superoxide stress protein SodB was induced by acid, possibly in response to increased iron solubility.
12107143|High pH induced amino acid metabolic enzymes (TnaA and CysK) as well as lac fusions to the genes encoding AstD and GabT.
12114562|"The barley MLO modulator of defense and cell death is responsive to biotic and abiotic stress stimuli."
12114562|Mlo transcript abundance increases in response to Bgh, rice (Oryza sativa) blast, wounding, paraquat treatment, a wheat powdery mildew-derived carbohydrate elicitor, and during leaf senescence.
12140278|Brain ACMSD messages were down- and up-regulated in response to low protein diet and streptozocin-induced diabetes, respectively.
12145337|"Estrogen receptor inducibility of the human Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor/ezrin-radixin-moesin binding protein 50 (NHE-RF/EBP50) gene involving multiple half-estrogen response elements."
12145337|The Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHE-RF; also known as ezrin-radixin-moesin binding protein 50) is a primary response gene under estrogen receptor (ER) control that may provide a link between estrogen action and the regulation of cytoskeletal and cell-signaling pathways.
12145337|These studies were undertaken to define the human NHE-RF genomic regions and regulatory sequences mediating its robust estrogen responsiveness.
12145337|These demonstrated direct ER interaction with the multiple half-ERE sites and the importance of the one proximal half-ERE and the multiple upstream half-EREs for eliciting the robust transcription activation of the NHE-RF gene by the estrogen-ER complex.
12151111|The synthesis of beta-galactosidase from the fusion plasmid pGY357 was greatly enhanced by cadmium chloride (50 microM), cupric chloride (10 microM), aluminum chloride (5 mM, 10 mM), mercuric chloride (1 microM), and zinc chloride (10 mM).
12151111|However, the synthesis of beta-galactosidase from the fusion plasmid pGY357 was not affected by superoxide-generating menadione, and o-dinitrobenzene, whereas they could significantly induce the expression of the GSTI and GSTII genes of S. pombe.
12151111|The overproduced Pap1 inhibited the induction of beta-galactosidase synthesis from the fusion plasmid pGY357 by cadmium chloride, which is opposite to the previously known role of Pap1 in the response to oxidative stress.
12164808|The transcripts of 53, 277 and 194 genes increased after cold, drought and high-salinity treatments, respectively, more than fivefold compared with the control genes.
12164808|We also identified many highly drought-, cold- or high-salinity- stress-inducible genes.
12164808|The cold-inducible genes were classified into at least two gene groups from their expression profiles.
12164808|DREB1A was included in a group whose expression peaked at 2 h after cold treatment.
12164808|Among the drought, cold or high-salinity stress-inducible genes identified, we found 40 transcription factor genes (corresponding to approximately 11% of all stress-inducible genes identified), suggesting that various transcriptional regulatory mechanisms function in the drought, cold or high-salinity stress signal transduction pathways.
12172015|Previous studies established that cold acclimation involves rapid expression of the CBF transcriptional activators (also known as DREB1 proteins) in response to low temperature followed by induction of the CBF regulon (CBF-targeted genes), which contributes to an increase in freezing tolerance.
12172015|The transcript levels of approximately 8000 genes were determined at multiple times after plants were transferred from warm to cold temperature and in warm-grown plants that constitutively expressed CBF1, CBF2, or CBF3.
12172015|A total of 306 genes were identified as being cold responsive, with transcripts for 218 genes increasing and those for 88 genes decreasing threefold or more at one or more time points during the 7-day experiment.
12172015|Of the cold-responsive genes, 48 encode known or putative transcription factors.
12172015|Two of these, RAP2.1 and RAP2.6, were activated by CBF expression and thus presumably control subregulons of the CBF regulon.
12213933|"Assimilatory detoxification of herbicides by Delftia acidovorans MC1: induction of two chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenases as a response to chemostress."
12213933|Exposure of Delftia acidovorans MC1 to 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid and its metabolites 2,4-dichlorophenol and 3,5-dichlorocatechol during growth on pyruvate as a source of carbon and energy induced several proteins.
12213933|Contrary to the general hypothesis that lipophilic or reactive compounds induce heat shock or oxidative stress proteins, no induction of the GroEL, DnaK and AhpC proteins that were used as markers for the induction of heat shock and oxidative stress responses was observed.
12215411|The temporal expression pattern of cyp-5 was further determined and revealed a constitutive expression pattern, with highest abundance levels being found in the embryo.
12215486|Using an in vitro system whereby a pluripotent neural crest cell line (MONC-1) can be induced to differentiate into smooth muscle cells, we isolated a cDNA fragment that was robustly induced during this differentiation process.
12215486|Mrf2alpha and Mrf2beta are highly induced during in vitro differentiation of MONC-1 cells into smooth muscle cells, and Mrf2alpha is expressed in adult mouse cardiac and vascular tissues.
12215486|To define the function of Mrf2, we overexpressed both isoforms in 3T3 fibroblast cells and observed an induction of smooth muscle marker genes, including smooth muscle alpha-actin and smooth muscle 22alpha.
12235362|Two peptides were isolated from the blood of an experimentally infected insect, the blow fly Calliphora vicina (Diptera), with the following amino acid sequences: HGVSGHGQHGVHG (alloferon 1) and GVSGHGQHGVHG (alloferon 2).
12235362|In vitro experiments reveal that the synthetic version of alloferon has stimulatory activities on natural killer lymphocytes, whereas in vivo trials indicate induction of IFN production in mice after treatments with synthetic alloferon.
12244050|The transcription of ctr6(+) is induced under copper-limiting conditions.
12244050|This regulation is mediated by the cis-acting promoter element CuSE (copper-signaling element) through the copper-sensing transcription factor Cuf1.
12271461|We have also found that copies 2 and 3 are activated by the lack of thiamine and that the Snz proteins physically interact with the thiamine biosynthesis Thi5 protein family.
12370286|"Induction of extracellular matrix-remodeling genes by the senescence-associated protein APA-1."
12370286|In addition to being terminally arrested in the cell cycle, senescent fibroblasts express genes that are normally induced upon wounding, including genes that remodel the extracellular matrix.
12370286|We have identified the novel zinc finger protein APA-1, whose expression increased in senescent human fibroblasts independent of telomere shortening.
12370286|Extended passage, telomerase-immortalized fibroblasts had increased levels of APA-1 as well as the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16.
12370286|Overexpression of APA-1 did not cause cell cycle arrest; but, it induced transcription of the extracellular matrix-remodeling genes MMP1 and PAI2, which are associated with fibroblast senescence.
12370286|MMP1 and PAI2 transcript levels also increased in telomerase-immortalized fibroblasts that had high levels of APA-1, demonstrating that the matrix-remodeling phenotype of senescent fibroblasts was not induced by telomere attrition alone.
12370286|APA-1 was able to transactivate and bind to the MMP1 promoter, suggesting that APA-1 is a transcription factor that regulates expression of matrix-remodeling genes during fibroblast senescence.
12376631|In plants, low temperature and dehydration activate a set of genes containing C-repeat/dehydration-responsive elements in their promoter.
12376631|In contrast to the three already identified CBF/DREB1 homologs, which are induced under cold stress, CBF4 gene expression is up-regulated by drought stress, but not by low temperature.
12376631|Overexpression of CBF4 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants results in the activation of C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element containing downstream genes that are involved in cold acclimation and drought adaptation.
12383509|"The expression of the dodecameric ferritin in Listeria spp. is induced by iron limitation and stationary growth phase."
12383509|In L. innocua and Liseria monocytogenes, fri expression increases both upon entry into stationary phase and, more markedly, under low-iron growth conditions.
12383509|An up-regulation by iron limitation has never been observed in other proven ferritins and bacterioferritins, but has been reported for several members of the Dps family.
12384430|Granzyme B was up-regulated on activation, and protein was detected only in PDCs.
12409287|"Molecular Cloning and Characterization of spurt, a Human Novel Gene That Is Retinoic Acid-inducible and Encodes a Secretory Protein Specific in Upper Respiratory Tracts."
12409287|Using cDNA microarray, we identified a clone, DD4, that contains the cDNA of a novel gene, spurt (secretory protein in upper respiratory tracts) that was significantly induced by all-trans-retinoic acid in primary cultured human tracheobroncheal epithelia.
12417719|Siah1a and Siah1b were not induced by activation of endogenous p53 in tissues, primary murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or thymocytes.
12417719|Finally, inhibition of Siah1b expression in Siah2 Siah1a double-mutant cells failed to inhibit cell division, p53-mediated induction of p21 expression, or cell cycle arrest.
12435630|We show that sex-specific takeout transcripts derive from fat body tissue closely associated with the adult brain and are dependent on the sex determination genes doublesex (dsx) and fruitless (fru).
12435630|The male-specific Doublesex and Fruitless proteins together activate Takeout expression, whereas the female-specific Doublesex protein represses takeout independently of Fru.
12446701|"The Escherichia coli copper-responsive copA promoter is activated by gold."
12446701|The copA gene of Escherichia coli encodes a copper transporter and its promoter is normally regulated by Cu(I) ions and CueR, a MerR-like transcriptional activator.
12446701|We show that CueR can also be activated by gold salts and that Cys(112) and Cys(120) are involved in recognition of gold, silver, and copper salts.
12446701|This is the first example of specific regulation of transcription by gold, and we briefly speculate that the biological effects of gold antiarthritic drugs may be through their effects on copper management in eukaryotic systems.
12480884|"Regulation of yodA encoding a novel cadmium-induced protein in Escherichia coli."
12480884|Bacterial accommodation to moderate concentrations of cadmium is accompanied by transient activation of general stress proteins as well as a sustained induction of other proteins of hitherto unknown functions.
12480884|The yodA ORF encodes 216 aa residues (the YodA protein) and the increased synthesis of YodA during cadmium stress was found probably to be a result of transcriptional activation from one single promoter upstream of the structural yodA gene.
12480884|Analysis of a transcriptional gene fusion, P(yodA)-lacZ, demonstrated that basal expression of yodA is low during exponential growth and expression is increased greater than 50-fold by addition of cadmium to growing cells.
12480884|However, challenging cells with additional metals such as zinc, copper, cobalt and nickel did not increase the level of yodA expression.
12480884|In addition, hydrogen peroxide also increased yodA expression whereas the superoxide-generating agent paraquat failed to do so.
12480884|Surprisingly, cadmium-induced transcription of yodA is dependent on soxS and fur, but independent of oxyR.
12480884|Moreover, a double relA spoT mutation abolished induction of yodA during cadmium exposure but ppGpp is not sufficient to induce yodA since expression of the gene is not elevated during stationary phase.
12480884|After 45 min of cadmium exposure the YodA protein was primarily detected in the cytoplasmic fraction but was later (150 min) found in both the cytoplasmic and periplasmic compartments.
12488457|"Regulation of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase gene expression by Hes-1 through E-box and interleukin-1 beta via two NF-kappa B elements in rat leptomeningeal cells."
12488457|Luciferase reporter assays with deletion and site-directed mutation of the promoter region (-1250 to +77) showed that an AP-2 element at -109 was required for activation and an E-box at +57, for repression.
12488457|Human Hes-1 co-expressed in the leptomeningeal cells bound to the E-box of the rat L-PGDS gene, and repressed the promoter activity of the rat L-PGDS gene in a dose-dependent manner.
12488457|The L-PGDS gene expression was up-regulated slowly by interleukin-1 beta to the maximum level at 24 h.
12488457|Moreover, the L-PGDS gene is a unique gene that is activated slowly by the NF-kappa B system.
12514246|"Regulation of sulfur-responsive gene expression by exogenously applied cytokinins in Arabidopsis thaliana."
12514246|Effects of plant hormones on a sulfur-deficiency responsive element (betaSR) from the promoter region of the beta subunit gene of beta-conglycinin, a major seed storage protein of soybean, were investigated using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.
12514246|Z also increased transcript accumulation of two endogenous sulfur-responsive genes, the adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase (APR1) and the Sultr2;2, a sulfate transporter.
12514246|Concentrations of cytokinins were unaltered during early stages of sulfur starvation when expression of these genes was upregulated.
12514246|Concentrations of sucrose, which is known to upregulate expression of APR1, were increased in rosette leaves by Z.
12514246|These results suggest that exogenously applied cytokinins positively regulate expression of these sulfur responsive genes through a pathway independent of that from sulfur starvation, possibly through increasing sucrose concentrations in tissues.
12552143|Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) up-regulates both of the mRNA levels.
12552143|In contrast, the IAA-induced up-regulation of the VaXTH2 gene is not affected by mannitol.
12552143|Furthermore, fusicoccin, which promotes acidification and growth, up-regulates VaXTH1 expression, but not VaXTH2 expression.
12552143|Thus, the two XTH genes are committed to different steps of the cell wall dynamics in the same cell type at different stages of phloem fiber development, and are regulated by IAA in different ways.
12553906|"Twist regulates cytokine gene expression through a negative feedback loop that represses NF-kappaB activity."
12553906|During Drosophila embryogenesis, the dorsal transcription factor activates the expression of twist, a transcription factor required for mesoderm formation.
12553906|We show here that the mammalian twist proteins, twist-1 and -2, are induced by a cytokine signaling pathway that requires the dorsal-related protein RelA, a member of the NF-kappaB family of transcription factors.
12553906|Twist-1 and -2 repress cytokine gene expression through interaction with RelA.
12574366|SWAM1 is constitutively expressed in kidney and epididymis, and is induced in the pneumonic lung.
12574366|SWAM2 is constitutively expressed in tongue.
12634328|Expression of GPR1 is induced by acetic acid and moderately repressed by glucose.
12663651|"Identification of a human homologue of the DREF transcription factor with a potential role in regulation of the histone H1 gene."
12663651|Although the expression level of the factor was found to be low in serum-deprived human normal fibroblasts, the amount was increased by adding serum to cultures and reached a maximum during S phase.
12674481|When symbiont-free D amoebae are infected with symbionts (X-bacteria), the amount of amoeba SAMS decreases to a negligible level within four weeks, but about 47% of the SAMS activity, which apparently comes from another source, is still detected.
12678562|Potassium deficiency, salt stress and hormonal treatments (ABA, BA, 2,4-D) were found to differentially affect channel mRNA levels, each channel displaying its own regulation pattern.
12678562|The most prominent effects were (1) a strong induction of AtKC1 transcript accumulation in leaves (hydathodes, trichomes and leaf epidermis) in response to NaCl treatment, suggesting a key role of the protein in adaptation to saline conditions, and (2) a strong decrease in SKOR transcript levels by hormones, supporting the hypothesis that K+ secretion into the xylem sap is under tight hormonal control.
12692311|Limitation of external sulfate caused accumulation of Sultr1;3 mRNA both in leaves and roots.
12718403|Transcriptional analysis using lacZ promoter fusions indicated that recA expression increased three- to fourfold in the presence of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS).
12734186|"Cell-specific and hormone-regulated expression of gonadotropin-regulated testicular RNA helicase gene (GRTH/Ddx25) resulting from alternative utilization of translation initiation codons in the rat testis."
12734186|GRTH gene transcription is stimulated by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) via cyclic AMP-induced androgen formation in testicular Leydig cells.
12734186|The increase in GRTH 43-kDa protein in Leydig cells caused by hCG treatment was prevented by the androgen receptor antagonist, flutamide.
12734186|In round spermatids, hCG caused a significant decrease of 61 kDa species and an induction 48/43 kDa species, whereas no changes were observed in pachytene spermatocytes.
12734186|They have also revealed that the androgen-dependent transcription of GRTH expression in Leydig cells is accompanied by a marked increase of 43-kDa species.
12734186|The findings indicate that expression of GRTH proteins is regulated by gonadotropin/androgen at the translational level.
12737802|We describe the identification and purification from Bacillus subtilis of a transcription factor, FapR, that controls the expression of many genes involved in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism (the fap regulon).
12737802|We show that FapR negatively regulates fap expression and that the effects of antibiotics on fap expression are mediated by FapR.
12737802|We further show that decreasing the cellular levels of malonyl-CoA, an essential molecule for fatty acid elongation, inhibits expression of the fap regulon and that this effect is FapR dependent.
12746539|"The Expression of the t-SNARE AtSNAP33 Is Induced by Pathogens and Mechanical Stimulation."
12746539|The expression of AtSNAP33 increased after inoculation with the pathogens Plectosporium tabacinum and virulent and avirulent forms of Peronospora parasitica and Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato.
12746539|The expression of PR1 transcripts encoding the secreted pathogenesis-related protein 1 also increased after inoculation with these pathogens and the expression of AtSNAP33 preceded or occurred at the same time as the expression of PR1.
12746539|AtSNAP33 was also expressed in npr1 plants that do not express PR1 after pathogen inoculation as well as in cpr1 plants that overexpress PR1 in the absence of a pathogen.
12746539|The level of AtSNAP33 decreased slightly in leaves inoculated with P. parasitica in the NahG plants, and eds5 and sid2 mutants that are unable to accumulate salicylic acid (SA) after pathogen inoculation, indicating a partial dependence on SA.
12746539|AtSNAP33 was also expressed in systemic noninoculated leaves of plants inoculated with P. syringae.
12746539|In contrast to the situation in infected leaves, the expression of AtSNAP33 in systemic leaves was fully SA dependent.
12746539|Thus, the expression of AtSNAP33 after pathogen attack is regulated by SA-dependent and SA-independent pathways.
12746539|Mechanical stimulation also led to an increase of AtSNAP33 transcripts.
12753744|Among Notch target genes, the expression level of Deltex1 is prominent in MZB cells and strictly dependent on that of Notch2, suggesting that Deltex1 may play a role in MZB cell differentiation.
12765649|The 41-kDa IGFBP is up-regulated by growth hormone treatment and down-regulated by fasting, suggesting that it is a homolog of IGFBP-3.
12771951|The effect of UVB on NHEK and SCC resulted in upregulation of 251 and 127 genes, respectively, and downregulation of 322 genes in NHEK and 117 genes in SCC.
12775687|"PhoP-responsive expression of the Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium slyA gene."
12775687|The newly identified upstream promoter region did not respond to SlyA but was activated by Mg(II) starvation in a PhoP-dependent manner.
12781872|Here we establish that sIL-1RAcP mRNA levels increase 16-fold in response to phorbol esters in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 via a mechanism that depends on de novo protein synthesis.
12781872|Following exposure of cells to UV light, a potent inducer of apoptosis, mIL-1RAcP mRNA is rapidly down-regulated and a new steady-state level established briefly before a gradual return to pretreatment levels.
12781872|Following treatment with staurosporine, also an inducer of apoptosis, mIL-1RAcP mRNA levels steadily decrease through 72 h, with little change in sIL-1RAcP mRNA levels.
12790785|Up-regulation of LRP16 mRNA by 17beta-estradiol through activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), but not ERbeta, and promotion of human breast cancer MCF-7 cell proliferation: a preliminary report."
12790785|The expression level of LRP16 mRNA was up-regulated by estrogen in breast cancer MCF-7 cells based on the computed aided serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) analysis.
12790785|The expression level of LRP16 mRNA induced by 17beta-E(2) was determined by Northern blot analysis.
12790785|The results showed (1) 17beta-E(2) induced a five- to eightfold increase in LRP16 mRNA levels in MCF-7 cells; (2) the relative luciferase activities in the COS-7 cells co-transfected by pGL3-S(0) and ERalpha or AR were 7.8-fold and 11-fold respectively of those in the control cells transfected by pGL3-S(0) alone; (3) overexpression of LRP16 stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation, and the numbers of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle in cells transfected with LRP16 increased about 10% compared with the control cells; and (4) cyclin E levels were much higher in cells with overexpression of LRP16 than in the control cells, while the expression levels of p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) were not different between the two groups of cells.
12790785|From these results we concluded that estrogen up-regulates the expression level of LRP16 mRNA through activation of ERalpha and that overexpression of LRP16 promotes MCF-7 cell proliferation probably by increasing cyclin E.
12805589|"Changes in gene expression in Arabidopsis shoots during phosphate starvation and the potential for developing smart plants."
12805589|The transient changes in gene expression occurring immediately (4 h) after P withdrawal were highly variable, and many nonspecific, shock-induced genes were up-regulated during this period.
12805589|The expression of SQD1, a gene involved in the synthesis of sulfolipids, responded specifically to P starvation and was increased 100 h after withdrawing P.
12805589|Leaves of Arabidopsis bearing a SQD1::GUS construct showed increased GUS activity after P withdrawal, which was detectable before P starvation limited growth.
12810571|"Ini, a small nuclear protein that enhances the response of the connexin43 gene to estrogen."
12810571|This article describes the structural and functional characterization of Ini (AF495522), a novel highly conserved zinc-finger protein that had been identified by screening an estrogen-induced rat myometrial expression library.
12810571|In addition, transient transfection experiments performed with estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) cDNA show that overexpression of Ini enhances, in a dose-dependent fashion, the up-regulation of the cx43 gene by estrogen.
12810571|Because estrogen up-regulates Ini mRNA in the myometrium, it is likely that Ini's physiological role in this tissue is to modulate the response of the cx43 gene to estrogen.
12882971|"A novel mitochondrial carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase induced by partial hepatectomy and fasting."
12882971|In addition, CACL is induced by partial hepatectomy or fasting.
12890034|"The BceRS two-component regulatory system induces expression of the bacitracin transporter, BceAB, in Bacillus subtilis."
12890034|Northern hybridization analyses showed that expression of the bceAB operon is induced by bacitracin present in the growth medium.
12890034|The regulator binds directly to the upstream region of the bceAB promoter and upregulates the expression of bceAB genes.
12890034|The expression of bcrC is dependent on the ECF sigma factors, sigmaM and sigmaX, but not on the BceRS two-component system.
13129917|We also present evidence that AtOPT3, a member of the oligopeptide transporter gene family with significant similarities to the maize iron-phytosiderophore transporter YSL1, is regulated by metals and heterologous expression AtOPT3 can rescue yeast mutants deficient in metal transport.
14596925|"Regulation of the ABA-sensitive Arabidopsis potassium channel gene GORK in response to water stress."
14596925|GORK transcription was up-regulated upon onset of drought, salt stress and cold.
14596925|The wilting hormone ABA that integrates responses to these stimuli induced GORK expression in seedlings in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and this induction was dependent on extracellular Ca2+.
14596925|ABA-responsive expression of GORK was impaired in the ABA-insensitive mutants abi1-1 and abi2-1, indicating that these protein phosphatases are regulators of GORK expression.
14596925|Application of ABA to suspension-cultured cells for 2 min followed by a 4 h chase was sufficient to manifest transcriptional activation of the K+ channel gene.
14596925|In contrast to other tissues, GORK expression as well as K+(out) channel activity in guard cells is ABA insensitive, allowing the plant to adjust stomatal movement and water status control separately.
14612242|Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments demonstrated that the presence of bacitracin in the growth medium strongly stimulates the expression of the ytsCD genes encoding the ABC transporter and that this stimulation strictly depends on the YtsA response regulator.
14634021|"The Kindler syndrome protein is regulated by TGFbeta and involved in integrin-mediated adhesion."
14634021|One gene upregulated by TGFbeta was recently named kindlerin (Jobard, F. et al., 2003).
14634021|TGFbeta stimulation of HMEC resulted in a marked induction of kindlerin RNA and Western blotting demonstrated a corresponding increase in protein abundance.
14643017|We have cloned both rat and mouse GEF genes and shown that they are orthologs of the human gene, MR-GEF, which encodes a GEF that specifically activates the small GTPase, Rap1.
14645501|Through this differential analysis, more than 70 out of 160 spots were up- or down-regulated by at least 5-fold after microbial infection.
14651641|All three two-component systems are located next to target genes that are strongly induced by bacitracin, and the corresponding histidine kinases share an unusual topology: they lack about 100 amino acids in their extracellular sensing domain, which is almost entirely buried in the cytoplasmic membrane.
14651641|A systematic mutational analysis of bacitracin-induced genes led to the identification of a new bacitracin-resistance determinant, bceAB, encoding a putative ABC transporter.
14651641|The bcrC bacitracin resistance gene, which is under the dual control of sigmaX and sigmaM, was also induced by bacitracin.
14669991|We also demonstrate that a C-terminally truncated variant of TMSP-1 significantly activates the epithelial sodium channel, and that its mRNA levels are upregulated by aldosterone.
14697507|Similar to Tieg1 and Tieg2, Tieg3 mRNA is up-regulated in response to TGFbeta1 treatment and can perform the Sp1 sites mediated repression of transcription.
14712276|Vernalization promotes flowering by causing a repression of FLC that is mitotically stable after return to warm growing conditions.
14741719|"A mechanism of induction of the mouse zinc-fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1) gene expression by interleukin-2."
14741719|IL-2 specifically induced the expression of ZHX1 mRNA.
14741719|The level of ZHX1 mRNA was decreased in the absence of IL-2.
14741719|Nuclear run-on assays and a mRNA stability analysis revealed that the half-life of ZHX1 mRNA but not the transcription rate of the gene was increased by IL-2.
14741719|Thus, we conclude that IL-2 induces the expression of the mouse ZHX1 gene in CTLL-2 cells, that both Janus kinase 3/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways are involved in the induction, and that the increased mRNA stability results in the induction.
14985507|"Siah-1b is a direct transcriptional target of p53: Identification of the functional p53 responsive element in the siah-1b promoter."
14985507|We have previously found that the expression of human siah-1 and its mouse homologue siah-1b are induced by p53 during apoptosis and tumor reversion.
14985507|Northern blot analysis with a specific probe demonstrates an increase in siah-1b transcription on activation of endogenous and inducible exogenous p53.
14985507|In luciferase assays, p53 induces a substantial increase in siah-1b promoter activity.
14985507|Thus, the siah-1b gene is a direct transcriptional target of p53.
15073309|"Regulation of catabolic enzymes during long-term exposure of Delftia acidovorans MC1 to chlorophenoxy herbicides."
15073309|The comparison of protein patterns after chemostatic growth on pyruvate and 2,4-DCPP facilitated the discovery of several proteins induced and repressed due to the substrate shifts.
15073309|A stronger induction of some catabolic enzymes (chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase TfdC(II), chloromuconate cycloisomerase TfdD) caused by an instant increase in the concentration of 2,4-DCPP resulted in increased rates of productive detoxification and finally in resistance of the cells.
15073309|Moreover, the modification of elongation factor Tu (TufA), a strong decrease of asparaginase and the induction of the hypothetical periplasmic protein YceI point to additional resistance mechanisms against chlorophenoxy herbicides.
15094201|Both Northern blot and semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of KPNA1 mRNA was altered in the denervated striatum post-lesion in a time-dependent manner, reaching the maximum at 2 weeks post-lesion.
10094495|The flavohaemoglobin Hmp of Escherichia coli is inducible by nitric oxide (NO) and provides protection both aerobically and anaerobically from inhibition of growth by NO and agents that cause nitrosative stress.
10207060|"Transcriptional induction by aromatic amino acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae."
10207060|ARO9 expression is under the dual control of specific induction and nitrogen source regulation.
10207060|We have here identified UASaro, a 36-bp upstream element necessary and sufficient to promote transcriptional induction of reporter gene expression in response to tryptophan, phenylalanine, or tyrosine.
10207060|We show that ARO9 and YDR380w (named ARO10) have similar patterns of transcriptional regulation and are both under the positive control of Aro80p.
10207060|Nitrogen regulation of ARO9 expression seems not directly to involve the general factor Ure2p, Gln3p, Nil1p, Uga43p, or Gzf3p.
10207060|ARO9 expression appears, rather, to be mainly regulated by inducer exclusion.
10231381|"Autoregulation of yeast pyruvate decarboxylase gene expression requires the enzyme but not its catalytic activity."
10231381|The cloned pdc1-8 and pdc1-14 alleles, as well as the in-vitro-generated pdc1-51 (Glu51Ala) allele, repressed expression of PDC5 and diminished Pdc specific activity.
10231381|Thus, the repressive effect of Pdc1p on PDC5 expression seems to be independent of its catalytic activity.
10231381|We suggest that autoregulation is triggered by a certain conformation of Pdc1p and that the mutations in pdc1-8 and pdc1-14 may lock Pdc1p in vivo in a conformational state which leads to repression of PDC5.
10421840|Phorbol ester TPA was found to stimulate the kinase activity of MOK, whereas serum stimulation, osmotic shock, or anisomycin treatment did not significantly activate MOK.
10433554|We have previously shown that expression of 14-3-3gamma is induced by growth factors in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC).
10433554|Thus, 14-3-3gamma may represent a signal transduction protein that is regulated transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally by growth factors.
10467249|Although Rhes was not induced by dexamethasone, its full expression is dependent upon thyroid hormone availability.
10482960|"Alu-splice cloning of human Intersectin (ITSN), a putative multivalent binding protein expressed in proliferating and differentiating neurons and overexpressed in Down syndrome."
10482960|The expression pattern of Intersectin in mouse brain, its presumed function and its overexpression in brains from Down syndrome patients, suggest that Intersectin may contribute in a gene dosage-dependent manner to some of the abnormalities of Down syndrome.
10542195|Q6 is strongly expressed when fibroblasts enter reversible quiescence (Coppock, D. L., Cina-Poppe, D., Gilleran, S. (1998) Genomics 54, 460-468).
10567408|"Peroxisome proliferator-induced long chain acyl-CoA thioesterases comprise a highly conserved novel multi-gene family involved in lipid metabolism."
10567408|All four thioesterases are differentially expressed in tissues examined, but all are inducible at mRNA level by treatment with the peroxisome proliferator clofibrate, or during the physiological condition of fasting, both of which conditions cause a perturbation in overall lipid homeostasis.
10749932|PAG3 bound to all paxillin isoforms and was induced during monocyte maturation, at which time paxillin expression is also increased and integrins are activated.
10844666|In Escherichia coli, the prototype flavohaemoglobin (Hmp) is clearly involved in responses to nitric oxide (NO) and nitrosative stress: (i) the structural gene hmp is upregulated by NO and nitrosating agents; (ii) purified Hmp binds NO avidly, but also converts it to nitrate (aerobically) or nitrous oxide (anaerobically); (iii) hmp mutants are hypersensitive to NO and nitrosative stresses.
11013086|Interestingly, the medium form of the RNF21 mRNA expressed most predominantly was dramatically up-regulated within 8-16 h by interferon stimulation of HeLa cells.
11056056|Recent studies have shown a deficient expression of this gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).
11056056|However, treatment with retinoids was able to upregulate JEM-1 mRNA in maturing NB4 leukemia cells.
11056056|These data support the idea of a constitutive expression of JEM-1, but a negative regulation in APL released by retinoids.
11169414|"Induction, binding specificity and function of human ICOS."
11169414|ICOS requires both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin for full induction, and is sensitive to Cyclosporin A.
11169414|ICOS is up-regulated early on all T cells, including the CD28- subset, and continues to be expressed into later phases of T cell activation.
11169414|On stimulation of T cells by antigen-presenting cells, the CD28/B7, but not the CD40 ligand/CD40 pathway is critically involved in the induction of ICOS.
11278556|Regulation of the AtLPP1 gene in response to stress."
11278556|An Arabidopsis thaliana gene (AtLPP1) was isolated on the basis that it was transiently induced by ionizing radiation.
11278556|AtLPP1, but not AtLPP2, was regulated in response to various stress conditions.
11278556|The AtLPP1 gene was transiently induced by genotoxic stress (gamma ray or UV-B) and elicitor treatments with mastoparan and harpin.
11278556|The regulation of the AtLPP1 gene in response to stress was consistent with the hypothesis that its encoded lipid phosphate phosphatase enzyme may attenuate the signaling functions of phosphatidate and/or diacylglycerol pyrophosphate that form in response to stress in plants.
11287667|In addition, expression of the gene was induced both locally and systemically by wounding or methyl jasmonate treatment.
11432975|Many LTP-related genes are enhanced in the hippocampus during pentyrenetetrazol (PTZ)- and kainate (KA)-mediated neural activation.
11432975|In addition, KA up-regulated the expression of NARF mRNA in the hippocampus.
11432975|The NARF protein increases in hippocampal and cerebellar neurons after PTZ-induced seizure.
11432975|These observations indicated that NARF expression is enhanced by seizure-related neural activities, and NARF may contribute to the alteration of neural cellular mechanisms along with myosin V.
11454677|"Cloning and characterization of a human polyamine oxidase that is inducible by polyamine analogue exposure."
11454677|PAO has been referred to as being constitutively expressed.
11454677|However, 24-h exposure of a non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line, NCI H157, to 10 &mgr;M of N(1),N"-bis(ethyl)norspermine results in approximately 5-fold induction of PAO mRNA and a >3-fold induction of PAO activity.
11454677|These results demonstrate that in at least one cell type, PAO is up-regulated in response to polyamine analogue exposure.
11473129|Growth on the isomeric compounds induced a protein of molecular mass approximately 50 kDa that was not present in sucrose-grown cells and which we have identified as an NAD(+) and metal ion-dependent 6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase (AglB).
11597759|Here we show that rhes mRNA and protein in the striatum are strongly dependent on the thyroidal status.
11882720|Sucrose-grown cells are induced for both sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase (S6PH) and fructokinase (FK), but the two enzymes are not expressed above constitutive levels during growth on the isomeric compounds.
11882720|Extracts of cells grown previously on the sucrose isomers trehalulose alpha(1right arrow1), turanose alpha(1right arrow3), maltulose alpha(1right arrow4), leucrose alpha(1right arrow5) and palatinose alpha(1right arrow6) contained high levels of an NAD(+) plus metal-dependent phospho-alpha-glucosidase (MalH).
11882720|The latter enzyme was not induced during growth on sucrose.
12477380|In Northern blot analysis, PAO mRNA was much less abundant in HEK-293 cells than SMO or SSAT mRNA, and all three were differentially induced in a similar manner by selected polyamine analogues.
12574519|Progestins and gonadotropin up-regulate both mRNA and protein levels in seatrout ovaries.
12788721|Northern blot analysis revealed that lacL, lacM, and galE made up an operon that was transcribed in the presence of lactose from an upstream lacL promoter.
12788721|The inducible genes lacL and lacM were regulated at the transcriptional level by the LacR repressor.
12788721|In the presence of glucose and galactose galE was transcribed from its promoter, suggesting that the corresponding enzyme can be expressed constitutively.
12803540|While SSAT-1 mRNA was inducible by polyamine analogues in a variety of cell lines, SSAT-2 was not.
1347530|Expression of the P subunit mRNA shows a pattern very similar to that of the corresponding polypeptide: it is strongly light induced and is expressed at a much higher level in leaves than in other tissues.
1377031|Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) is an inducible transmembrane protein which is expressed by vascular endothelium following cytokine activation.
14550944|Flavohemoglobin proteins contain an additional reductase domain at their C-terminus and their expression is induced in the presence of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species.
14671326|Activity of the lily plantacyanin (named chemocyanin) is enhanced in the presence of stigma/stylar cysteine-rich adhesin, previously identified as a pollen tube adhesin in the lily style.
1527028|An examination of FRP mRNA levels and comparison to FRP protein suggest that synthesis of FRP is regulated transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally.
2562787|CNBP is expressed in a wide variety of tissues, is up regulated by sterols, and exhibits binding specificity that correlates with in vivo function.
3933486|When glucose-grown cells were incubated in medium containing ethanol as sole carbon source, the activity markedly increased, and the increase was completely blocked by cycloheximide, suggesting that the enzyme is synthesized de novo during the incubation period.
7556072|Surprisingly, the two proteins accumulate in the liver with different circadian amplitudes and have distinct liver-specific promoter preferences in transfection experiments.
7556072|Thus, HLF43 stimulates transcription from the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase promoter much more efficiently than from the albumin promoter, while the converse is true for HLF36.
7682072|NOS gene expression in hepatocytes is dependent upon bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokine treatment.
7730284|Western blots involving highly specific polyclonal antibody against 6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase and spectrophotometric analyses with pNP alpha Glc6P revealed only low levels of the enzyme in glucose-, mannose-, or fructose-grown cells of F. mortiferum.
7730284|Synthesis of 6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase increased dramatically during growth of the organism on alpha-glucosides, such as maltose, alpha-methylglucoside, trehalose, turanose, and palatinose.
7797467|"Molecular cloning of a new interferon-induced factor that represses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat expression."
7797467|Staf-50 is induced by both type I and type II IFN in various cell lines and down-regulates the transcription directed by the long terminal repeat promoter region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in transfected cells.
8106404|The expression of human VH-1-like PTPase CL100 is rapidly inducible by mitogen stimulation and oxidative stress, suggesting that this gene is transcriptionally regulated.
8617210|"The two PAR leucine zipper proteins, TEF and DBP, display similar circadian and tissue-specific expression, but have different target promoter preferences."
8617210|The two highly related PAR basic region leucine zipper proteins TEF and DBP accumulate according to a robust circadian rhythm in liver and kidney.
8617210|While TEF stimulates transcription from the albumin promoter more potently than DBP, only DBP is capable of activating transcription efficiently from the cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase (C7alphaH) promoter.
8808940|"Nitric oxide, nitrite, and Fnr regulation of hmp (flavohemoglobin) gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12."
8808940|At a higher chelator concentration (0.4 mM), hmp expression was also stimulated aerobically.
8808940|Anaerobic expression was stimulated 6-fold by the presence of nitrate and 25-fold by the presence of nitrite.
8808940|Induction by nitrate or nitrite was unaffected by narL and/or narP mutations, demonstrating regulation of hmp by these ions via mechanisms alternative to those implicated in the regulation of other respiratory genes.
8808940|We conclude that hmp expression is negatively regulated by Fnr under anaerobic conditions and that additional regulatory mechanisms are involved in the responses to oxygen, nitrogen compounds, and iron availability.
8866484|"ERA, a novel cis-acting element required for autoregulation and ethanol repression of PDC1 transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae."
8866484|Thus, we identified a sequence mediating the response to ethanol and provide evidence showing that transcription of PDC1 is controlled by ethanol repression rather than by glucose induction.
8866484|Furthermore, we showed that the same sequence is responsible for an autoregulatory process, leading to increased transcription from both the PDC1 and the PDC5 promoters, in strains in which the genomic copy of PDC1 is deleted.
8866484|In addition, we have confirmed the role of Rap1 binding and have demonstrated that the Gcr1 protein also acts in transcriptional activation.
9038203|Treatment of HeLa cells with TNF-alpha resulted in an increased PIP5K activity.
9129147|"JEM-1, a novel gene encoding a leucine-zipper nuclear factor upregulated during retinoid-induced maturation of NB4 promyelocytic leukaemia."
9129147|Using Differential Display of cDNAs from NB4 cells we have identified Jem, a novel gene transcript which is upregulated by retinoids during the early proliferative response in maturating cells but not in resistant cells.
9150210|"Paraquat regulation of hmp (flavohemoglobin) gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12 is SoxRS independent but modulated by sigma S."
9150210|We report the first example of a gene, hmp, encoding a soluble flavohemoglobin in Escherichia coli K-12, which is up-regulated by paraquat in a SoxRS-independent manner.
9150210|Unlike what is found for other paraquat-inducible genes, high concentrations of paraquat (200 microM) were required to increase the level of hmp expression, and maximal induction was observed only after 20 min of exposure to paraquat.
9150210|Neither a mutation in soxS nor one in soxR prevented the paraquat-dependent increase in phi(hmp-lacZ) expression, but either mutant allele delayed full expression of phi(hmp-lacZ) activity after paraquat addition.
9150210|Induction of hmp by paraquat was demonstrated in aerobically grown cultures during exponential growth and the stationary phase, thus revealing two Sox-independent regulatory mechanisms.
9150210|Induction of hmp by paraquat in the stationary phase was dependent on the global regulator of stationary-phase gene expression, RpoS (sigma S).
9150210|However, a mutation in rpoS did not prevent an increase in hmp expression by paraquat in exponentially growing cells.
9150210|Induction of sigma S in the exponential phase by heat shock also induced phi(hmp-lacZ) expression in the presence of paraquat, supporting the role of sigma S in one of the regulatory mechanisms.
9150210|Mutations in oxyR or rob, known regulators of several stress promoters in E. coli, had no effect on the induction of hmp by paraquat.
9150210|Other known superoxide-generating agents (plumbagin, menadione, and phenazine methosulfate) were not effective in inducing hmp expression.
9303440|In a synchronous 3Y1 cell culture, DA41 mRNA was expressed at a low level in quiescent cells; however, its level was significantly increased between the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle.
9724711|Furthermore, NOD activity was produced by the flavohemoglobin gene and was inducible by NO*.
9767577|"A novel mechanism for upregulation of the Escherichia coli K-12 hmp (flavohaemoglobin) gene by the 'NO releaser', S-nitrosoglutathione: nitrosation of homocysteine and modulation of MetR binding to the glyA-hmp intergenic region."
9767577|The flavohaemoglobin gene, hmp, of Escherichia coli is upregulated by nitric oxide (NO) in a SoxRS-independent manner.
9767577|We now show that hmp expression is also upregulated by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, widely used as an NO releaser) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, which is a NO+ donor).
9767577|Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels, achieved either by adding Hcy extracellularly or using metE mutants, decreased hmp expression.
9767577|Mutations in metR abolished hmp induction by GSNO and SNP, and hmp expression became insensitive to Hcy.
9767577|We propose that the previously documented modulation by Hcy of MetR binding to the glyA-hmp intergenic regulatory region regulates hmp transcription.
9767577|Although two MetR binding sites are present in this region, only the higher affinity site proximal to hmp is required for hmp induction by GSNO and SNP.
9767577|As GSNO and SNP upregulate hmp similarly, the NO released in the former case on reaction with homocysteine cannot be involved in hmp regulation.
9770277|Prolonged incubation of a hmp-lacZ fusion strain with the redox cycling agent paraquat resulted in a 28-fold induction of hmp gene expression, nearly 3-fold higher than after short periods of exposure.
9770277|Prolonged incubation of a wild-type strain with paraquat increased intracellular Hmp to spectrally detectable levels.
9773788|Consistent with a role for SET in cell proliferation, set mRNA expression was markedly reduced in cells rendered quiescent by serum starvation, contact inhibition, or differentiation.
9878249|We have identified a gene, Quiescin Q6 (QSCN6), whose expression is induced just as fibroblasts begin to leave the proliferative cycle and enter quiescence.