1280560|"Molecular organization and embryonic expression of the hedgehog gene involved in cell-cell communication in segmental patterning of Drosophila."
1289053|"Differential screening of a PCR-generated mouse embryo cDNA library: glucose transporters are differentially expressed in early postimplantation mouse embryos."
1289053|Differential screening of a cDNA library constructed using PCR amplification techniques from RNA isolated from the distal portion (embryonic ectoderm, mesoderm and visceral endoderm) of 7.5 days post coitum (dpc) mouse embryos led to the isolation of two cDNA clones expressed at higher levels in 7.5 dpc embryos than 12.5 dpc embryos.
1289053|Levels of the Glut-3 mRNA declined 14-fold between days 7.5 and 12.5 of gestation, and were under our limits of detection by 14.5 dpc.
1289053|The levels of the Glut-1 mRNA declined about 3-fold between days 7.5 and 12.5 of gestation.
1289053|Analysis of the expression of these genes by in situ hybridization revealed striking differences in transcript localization in early postimplantation mouse embryos.
1289053|At 7.5 dpc, both transporters were expressed more strongly in extraembryonic tissues than in the embryo proper.
1289053|Thus, the two transporters have relatively reciprocal sites of expression in the developing extraembryonic membranes.
1289053|Expression of Glut-1 was fairly widespread in the embryo at 8.5 dpc, but by 10.5 dpc expression was down-regulated and was observed in the eye and the spinal cord.
1295747|faf is also essential during oogenesis, and we show that a faf-lacZ hybrid protein is localized via the first 392 amino acids of faf to the posterior pole of oocytes.
1338312|It is expressed in the mesoderm of early stage-9 embryos and subsequently in somatic muscles and their precursor cells.
1338312|In adults, dry mRNA was detected in tubular muscles and at a lower level in neuronal tissues.
1338312|Embryonic expression of the Drosophila IP3 receptor gene (dip) appears more dynamic and is associated with developing anterior sense organs.
1338312|In adults, dip expression occurs in several tissues, and relatively high levels of dip mRNA in adult antennae suggest a role for this gene product during olfactory transduction.
1339381|"The embryonically active gene, unkempt, of Drosophila encodes a Cys3His finger protein."
1339381|The unkempt gene of Drosophila encodes a set of embryonic RNAs, which are abundant during early stages of embryogenesis and are present ubiquitously in most somatic tissues from the syncytial embryo through stage 15 of embryogenesis.
1339381|Expression of unkempt RNAs becomes restricted predominantly to the central nervous system in stages 16 and early 17.
1339381|Isolation and analysis of mutations affecting the unkempt gene, including complete deletions of this gene, indicate that there is no zygotic requirement for unkempt during embryogenesis, presumably due to the contribution of maternally supplied RNA, although the gene is essential during post-embryonic development.
1339430|The reverse transcriptase-PCR assay revealed the occurrence of mRNAs for the three isozymic forms at different developmental stages, and tissue-specific expression was also found to occur in adult flies.
1339430|In addition to the usual type mRNA species for the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isozymes, two novel forms of mRNAs, alpha beta- and beta gamma-type mRNAs, were detected tissue-specifically in adult flies, although their functions are unpredictable.
1340474|Despite the similar patterns of expression in the cellular blastoderm, hh expression is independent of en, but hh expression becomes sensitive to and dependent on en during the extended germ band stage.
1350558|By immunostaining, we showed that BarH1 and BarH2 proteins are coexpressed in cells belonging to the central and peripheral nervous systems in embryos.
1350558|In external sensory (es) organs, their expression was particularly apparent in thecogens (glial cells) and neurons at late development.
1362381|By analyzing Kn1 transcripts and KN1 protein, we show that the gene is not expressed at high levels during the development of wild-type leaves.
1362381|Instead, Kn1 is expressed in apical meristems of vegetative and floral shoots, and is downregulated as leaves and floral organs are initiated.
1372277|csgA expression increases throughout development, reaching its peak during sporulation.
1378625|Biochemical and histological studies reveal its expression in the eye imaginal disc.
1394430|We show here that one such gene, hedgehog, encodes a protein targeted to the secretory pathway and is expressed coincidently with engrailed in embryos and in imaginal discs; maintenance of the hedgehog expression pattern is itself dependent upon other segment polarity genes including engrailed and wingless.
1396566|"An SRY-related gene expressed during spermatogenesis in the mouse encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein."
1396566|Sox-5 is restricted to post-meiotic germ cells, being found at highest levels in round spermatids.
1400260|In two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats, the RnBP mRNA levels of the clipped and contralateral kidneys were unchanged and also its adrenal mRNA level was maintained at the control level.
1425352|"Expression pattern of Motch, a mouse homolog of Drosophila Notch, suggests an important role in early postimplantation mouse development."
1425352|The Notch gene of Drosophila encodes a large transmembrane protein involved in cell-cell interactions and cell fate decisions in the Drosophila embryo.
1425352|In the postimplantation mouse embryo Motch transcripts were first detected in mesoderm at 7.5 days post coitum (dpc).
1425352|By 8.5 dpc, transcript levels were highest in presomitic mesoderm, mesenchyme and endothelial cells, while much lower levels were detected in neuroepithelium.
1425352|In contrast, at 9.5 dpc, neuroepithelium was a major site of Motch expression.
1426644|"Expression analysis of a Notch homologue in the mouse embryo."
1547503|"skn-1, a maternally expressed gene required to specify the fate of ventral blastomeres in the early C. elegans embryo."
1567460|Inhibitors of phenoloxidase were identified in pupae of the housefly, Musca domestica L.
1567460|The phenoloxidase inhibitors were purified from final instar pupae of the housefly by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography.
1573677|F5 mRNA expression was undetectable in embryonic rat cerebral hemisphere and low until postnatal day 21.
1574082|"Gut-specific and developmental expression of a Caenorhabditis elegans cysteine protease gene."
1574082|The C. elegans cysteine protease gene was temporally regulated: abundant 1.1-kb transcripts were detected in larvae and adults, but not in embryos.
1577186|These five ets-related genes are distinguished further from E74 in that they are transcribed through most of development, suggesting that they do not perform a stage-specific function.
1577186|They are, however, expressed in a variety of patterns in early embryos, suggesting roles in the development of specific cell types.
1577186|D-ets-2 is expressed in a complex pattern that changes dynamically during early embryogenesis.
1638629|We describe the characterization of the Drosophila gene, corkscrew (csw), which is maternally required for normal determination of cell fates at the termini of the embryo.
1675158|We characterized the distribution of AGAMOUS (AG) RNA during early flower development in Arabidopsis.
1694472|"Transcripts of individual Drosophila actin genes are differentially distributed during embryogenesis."
1694472|The 5C and 42A actin genes are cytoplasmic actin genes, with transcripts distributed in all cells and tissues of the developing embryo.
1694472|Transcripts from both cytoplasmic actin genes are evenly distributed in preblastoderm embryos, becoming localized to the periphery at blastoderm formation [5C: Burn et al.: Dev Biol 131:345-355, 1989].
1694472|Both 87E and 57B transcripts accumulated in the developing larval body wall musculature, but at differing levels and in differing patterns.
1694472|Transcripts of the 79B and the 88F actin genes were undetectable in embryos.
1700073|"Developmental study of proteolipids in bovine brain: a novel proteolipid and DM-20 appear before proteolipid protein (PLP) during myelination."
1700073|In a developmental study, we have shown that DM-20 is present before proteolipid protein (PLP) in the fetal bovine cerebral hemispheres.
1700073|When the white matter appears (27-30 weeks of gestation), the amount of DM-20 drastically increases.
1700073|PLP is detected only 2-4 weeks after the appearance of white matter, that is, more than 4 weeks after the appearance of DM-20.
1700073|In the same developmental study we have, in the fetal cerebral hemispheres, isolated and characterized a novel proteolipid (apparent Mr 20,000), which appears even before DM-20 and is not detected in the adult brain.
1710769|Sex-lethal (Sxl), a key sex determination gene in Drosophila melanogaster, is known to express a set of three early transcripts arising during early embryogenesis and a set of seven late transcripts occurring from midembryogenesis through adulthood.
1711895|We have now purified a 37-kDa active enzyme from the supernatant fluid of hatched blastula medium of the species Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus.
1716323|"Differential expression of MAG isoforms during development."
1716323|In the central nervous system (CNS), L-MAG is the major form synthesized early in development, and it persists as a significant proportion of the MAG present in the adult.
1716323|In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), L-MAG is expressed at modest levels during development; it is virtually absent in the adult.
1716323|Thus, the expression of L-MAG is not limited to the CNS, as was formerly believed, suggesting that it plays a common role during the early stages of myelin formation by both oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells.
1730648|"Proteoglycan-Lb, a small dermatan sulfate proteoglycan expressed in embryonic chick epiphyseal cartilage, is structurally related to osteoinductive factor."
1730648|In close relation to the structural similarity to OIF, the unique expression of PG-Lb in the ossifying area of cartilage suggested the possible participation of this proteoglycan in osteogenic processes.
1740152|"CecC, a cecropin gene expressed during metamorphosis in Drosophila pupae."
1740152|From the same locus, we now describe a fourth member of the cecropin gene family, CecC, which is mainly expressed at the early pupal stage.
1740152|In situ hybridization to immunized pupae show that CecC is induced in the anterior end of the larval hindgut and in other larval tissues that are undergoing histolysis.
1740152|A similar pattern of expression in the metamorphosing pupa is also observed for the CecA and CecB genes.
1761057|"Expression and post-transcriptional regulation of ornithine decarboxylase during early Xenopus development."
1761057|In this paper we show that large changes in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity occurred during early Xenopus development.
1761057|Following fertilization, this enzyme activity rises with a quantitatively correlated accumulation of putrescine and spermidine.
1761057|This increase in ODC activity was associated with an increased translation of the maternal ODC mRNA, which was stable in the embryo and whose polyadenylation increased slightly between fertilization and the mid-blastula transition (MBT).
1761057|ODC activity was stable in cycloheximide-treated embryos, indicating that before the MBT this enzyme was not degraded.
1761057|After the MBT, ODC activity fell, but no decrease in this mRNA was observed.
1761057|In gastrulae, ODC mRNA was both increased in amount and polyadenylated.
1765007|"Glucose transporter gene expression in early mouse embryos."
1765007|The glucose transporter (GLUT) isoforms responsible for glucose uptake in early mouse embryos have been identified.
1765007|GLUT 1, the isoform present in nearly every tissue examined including adult brain and erythrocytes, is expressed throughout preimplantation development.
1765007|GLUT 2, which is normally present in adult liver, kidney, intestine and pancreatic beta cells is expressed from the 8-cell stage onward.
1765007|GLUT 4, an insulin-recruitable isoform, which is expressed in adult fat and muscle, is not expressed at any stage of preimplantation development or in early postimplantation stage embryos.
1851215|Because of the association of cerebellar degeneration with occult malignancies, we screened a number of tumor cell lines for immunoreactivity to anti-Nb antibody; only tumor lines of neuroectodermal origin (melanoma, small-cell lung cancer, and neuroblastoma) expressed the Nb antigen.
1893998|On immunoblotting analysis, the 105-kDa protein did not appear until after the age of five weeks, while HSP90 could be detected at three weeks.
1898762|"A gene related to the proto-oncogene fps/fes is expressed at diverse times during the life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster."
1898762|Expression of the gene is entirely zygotic in origin and occurs throughout the life cycle.
1898762|Expression occurs in both mitotic and terminally differentiated tissue and, at various times in development, is prominent in imaginal disks, gut, muscle, testes, ovaries, retina, and other neural tissues.
1901263|"Expression of the disconnected gene during development of Drosophila melanogaster."
1901263|We have begun to explore the role of disco in the formation of the nervous system by examining the distribution of disco mRNA and protein in embryos and third instar larvae using in situ hybridization and antibody staining respectively.
1902570|The Drosophila homologue of vertebrate myogenic-determination genes encodes a transiently expressed nuclear protein marking primary myogenic cells."
1902570|Dmyd is a nuclear protein in Drosophila, consistent with its role as a nuclear-gene regulatory factor, and is proposed to be a transiently expressed marker for muscle founder cells.
1902570|This fact is reflected in the loss of Dmyd RNA expression in 12- to 24-hr embryos, a major period of early myogenesis, as well as in the undetectable level of the nuclear antigen in primary cultures of embryonic and adult Drosophila muscle.
1977575|At later times, Pax2 is restricted to progeny cells that have migrated to specific regions of the intermediate zone.
2052354|"Developmentally regulated and tissue specific expression of mRNAs encoding the two alternative forms of the LIM domain oncogene rhombotin: evidence for thymus expression."
2052354|Transgenic expression of a reporter gene under the control of one of the rhombotin gene promoters subsequently showed high levels of expression in the developing brain.
2052354|Furthermore, both promoters are active and differentially regulated during mouse embryogenesis in both brain and thymus.
2104660|The Hrb98DE locus is transcribed throughout development, with the highest transcript levels found in ovaries, early embryos, and pupae.
2120044|It is expressed maternally to provide mRNA in syncytial embryos, and appears to be zygotically expressed in mitotically active regions of the cellularized embryo.
2166702|Its spatial pattern of expression during development is unusual in that, unlike most other segmentation genes, it exhibits uniform expression throughout cellular blastoderm and gastrulation and does not resolve into a periodic pattern until the end of the fast phase of germ-band elongation when it is present in 15 broad segmentally repeating stripes along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo.
2176634|We have isolated a Drosophila gene that is expressed in a temporal and spatial pattern during embryogenesis, strongly suggesting an important role for this gene in the early development of muscle.
2178193|"Changes in the expression of connexin 43, a cardiac gap junctional protein, during mouse heart development."
2178193|A cDNA probe coding for rat connexin 43 (Beyer et al., 1987), a gap junctional protein, was used to detect specific mRNA and estimate its relative abundance in mouse heart at different developmental stages: 11, 14 and 19 days post-coitum (dpc); 1, 2 and 3 weeks post-partum (wpp), and at the adult stage.
2178193|On Northern blots of total cellular RNA, a single 3.0 kb message was detected at all stages of development, and the differential intensities of labeling indicated developmental changes in mRNA abundance.
2178193|Densitometric analyses of dot-blot autoradiograms showed a five-fold increase of the mRNA level between 11 dpc and 1 wpp, then a gradual decrease until the adult stage where it reached a value close to that detected at 11 dpc.
2178193|By comparison, myosin heavy chains and glycerldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNAs were found to peak at 3 wpp and 14 dpc, respectively.
2178193|Quantitative data obtained from densitometric analyses of immunoblots showed that from 14 dpc to 1 wpp intensity of labeling of connexin 43 was roughly multiplied by a factor of 10.
2178193|It peaked at 3 wpp before dropping to about 20% at the adult stage.
2178193|They suggest that expression of cardiac connexin 43 is developmentally-regulated: at the early stages of heart development the expression levels of the protein would seem to be mainly regulated by mRNA abundance; beyond 2 weeks after birth, the levels of connexin 43 would seem rather to depend upon its stability and/or the efficiency of the translation.
2256940|The amounts of enhancer in mouse tendon and calvaria extracts were age related, with highest amounts in 11 and 19 d tendons and in 1 d calvaria-the times of rapid growth of these organs.
2303162|As early as E9, P84 could be detected in the floor plate region of the spinal cord.
2303162|Postnatally, widespread expression of P84 is observed in a variety of CNS tissues.
2303168|Northern blots using RNA extracted from purified spermatogenic cells and staged prepuberal mice suggest that the mitochondrial capsule seleno-protein mRNA is first transcribed in late meiotic cells and that the levels of the mRNA increase after meiosis in early haploid cells.
2390977|CecA1 and A2 are most active in larvae and adults; CecB is preferentially active in early pupae.
2394826|"Enhanced expression of an exocrine pancreatic protein in Alzheimer's disease and the developing human brain."
2394826|We previously described increased PTP immunoreactivity in AD brains and now report high levels in the developing human brain.
2440105|"Tissue distribution and developmental expression of the messenger RNA encoding angiogenin."
2440105|The expression of the angiogenin gene in rat liver was found to be developmentally regulated; mRNA levels were low in the developing fetus, increased in the neonate, and maximal in the adult.
2444477|"Expression of the murine homeo box gene Hox 1.5 during embryogenesis."
2444477|In situ hybridization of single-stranded RNA probes to mouse embryo sections revealed a specific spatial distribution of the Hox 1.5 transcripts in mouse embryos 8.5 to 12.5 days postcoitum (p.c.).
2444477|Analysis of mouse embryos 8.5 days p.c. showed that the gene is expressed in a spatially restricted manner.
2444477|The same spatial pattern of expression was observed in embryos 9.5 to 12.5 days p.c.
2444477|These results show that the murine Hox 1.5 gene is expressed in a spatially restricted manner during embryonic development similar to the patterns observed in Drosophila homeotic genes.
2461299|"Molecular structure and spatial expression of a homeobox gene from the labial region of the Antennapedia-complex."
2461299|Northern blot experiments show a single approximately 3-kb transcript that is expressed at all embryonic stages from cellular blastoderm onwards and during larval development.
2461299|In situ hybridization to the transcripts during embryogenesis reveals two domains of expression.
2469011|RNA from ATPase 1a was 5.2 kb and was present in both developmental forms of Leishmania.
2469011|By contrast the ATPase 1b gene expressed a 5.75 kb transcript which was much more abundant in the amastigote form of Leishmania than in the promastigote form.
2497054|The gene is bordered distally by z600, a gene expressed predominantly during early embryogenesis, and proximally by Eip28/29, a gene regulated by ecdysone in Drosophila cell lines.
2497054|In situ hybridization analysis reveals that this expression occurs in the germ line during oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
2500660|Transcripts corresponding to two of the isoforms are expressed during both larval and adult stages, while the third isoform is produced only in adults.
2509462|RNA blot analysis detected three transcripts: a 3.9-kilobase (kb) transcript found at all stages of development; a 5.4-kb transcript present predominantly in adult heads; and a 3.4-kb transcript present only in adult bodies.
2509463|Two transcripts, 3.8 and 5.3 kilobases long, are expressed at a high level in the heads of adult flies and also in larvae, pupae, and embryos.
2659435|The yA gene codes for a 2200 nucleotide mRNA that is present at low levels in vegetative cells and mature conidia, but accumulates to high levels in sporulating cultures.
2659435|yA mRNA appears shortly after differentiation of sporogenous phialide cells.
2829170|Finally, it is noted that expression of testicular inhibin RNA subunits decreases during sexual maturation.
2834248|"The Drosophila ets-2 gene: molecular structure, chromosomal localization, and developmental expression."
2834248|Expression of the ets-2 gene occurs throughout development, but is highest during the embryonic and pupal stages.
2982157|"Developmental variations in the splicing pattern of transcripts from the Drosophila gene encoding myosin alkali light chain result in different carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequences."
2982157|One splicing pattern produces an mRNA that translates into a protein used for both larval and adult musculature, whereas the other splicing pattern is used for the latter stage only.
2996778|The Drosophila c-src locus is transcribed into three mRNAs that are each regulated independently during development.
2996778|Drosophila c-src RNA is abundant in embryos and pupae but rare in larvae and adults.
2996778|In situ hybridization reveals that after the first 8 hr of development, c-src RNA accumulates almost exclusively in neural tissues such as the brain, ventral nerve chord, and eye-antennal discs, and in differentiating smooth muscle.
3007242|Thus, while DDC-specific transcripts are detectable in the early embryonic stages, they are much less prevalent than we have previously reported.
3014511|"Homeo box gene expression in anterior and posterior regions of the Drosophila embryo."
3014511|Transcripts encoded by the two genes are detected in embryonic tissues that derive from regions near the anterior and posterior poles of the embryo, which are outside the limits of expression of known homeotic genes.
3095924|One of the elements is essential for expression in both the larval and adult central nervous system, and at least two other elements are necessary for quantitatively normal expression in the hypoderm.
3106119|The choice between splicing pathways involves the use of a nonconsensus 3' splice junction in larvae and in the tubular muscles of adults, whereas in the indirect flight muscle of the adult only consensus sequences are utilized.
3106119|The involvement of a trans-acting factor to activate the nonconsensus splice site in the myotubes of larvae and the tubular myotubes of adults is proposed.
3123319|"Structure of two genes at the gooseberry locus related to the paired gene and their spatial expression during Drosophila embryogenesis."
3123319|BSH9 transcripts appear in the posterior ventrolateral part of each primordial segment throughout the embryo, including head and tail segments.
3123319|During germ-band extension, BSH9 is induced in the mesoderm in register with the ectoderm and neurectoderm and in the tail segments A9-A11.
3123319|In contrast, BSH4 transcripts appear with a single-segment repeat, first, in the neurectoderm during germ-band extension and, later, in single neurons during neuronal differentiation.
3123319|BSH9, BSH4, and prd are activated in cells that are in register along the anteroposterior axis of the embryo in the posterior parts of primordial segments comprising the posterior compartments of engrailed expression.
3125018|The X chromosomal gene Sgs-4 coding for a larval secretion protein of Drosophila melanogaster is expressed stage and tissue specifically and is hyperexpressed in male larvae of most Drosophila stocks which show dosage compensation.
3125018|The corresponding gene is active only in larval salivary glands and, therefore, is named gland specific gene, gsg.
3132408|Four genes expressed during the period of vitelline membrane formation are clustered within 8 kb of DNA in region 26A of the second chromosome.
3132408|Temporal and quantitative difference in the profiles of accumulated RNA suggest that the genes are independently regulated although they are selectively expressed during the stages of vitelline membrane biosynthesis.
3378704|A 4.0-kb transcript accumulates maximally in stages 9-10, when the primary follicle cell protein associated with dec-1 mutations is synthesized.
3378704|A second transcript of 5.8 kb, generated by alternative splicing, accumulates during stages 11-12.
3594565|"Expression of the proto-oncogene int-1 is restricted to specific neural cells in the developing mouse embryo."
3594565|int-1 RNA accumulation is restricted to specific regions of the neural plate and its derivatives between 9 and 14.5 days of development.
3594565|int-1 RNA accumulates throughout the neural plate at the anterior head folds of the 9 day embryo but only at its lateral tips in more posterior regions.
3594565|Following neural tube closure, int-1 expression is restricted to specific regions of the dorsal wall of the brain ventricles and spinal cord, the ventral wall of the midbrain and the diencephalon, and the lateral walls of the neuroepithelium at the midbrain-hindbrain junction.
3594566|"Expression of the proto-oncogene int-1 is restricted to postmeiotic male germ cells and the neural tube of mid-gestational embryos."
3594566|The int-1 proto-oncogene is transcriptionally activated in mammary tumors by mouse mammary tumor virus insertion mutations and is normally expressed only in adult mouse testes and mid-gestational embryos.
3594566|In embryos 11-15 days after conception, expression of the gene is restricted to the developing central nervous system in regions of the neural tube other than the telencephalon.
6328279|This gene is abundantly expressed during the development of larval as well as adult muscles.
6682551|Maximum activity - 10-fold that of the 14th day embryo - was observed between Days 4 and 7 in chicks fed the control diet.
6682551|It was suggested that egg yolk or an ingredient(s) induces chick kidney OTC and that utilization of egg yolk promotes the formation of OTC in chick kidney during embryonic development and during subsequent growth of the chick.
7494461|APLP1 increased during cortical synaptic development, suggesting a role in synaptogenesis or synaptic maturation.
7508125|Although etiolated leaves produced detectable levels of cyclophilin B/C, they did not express FKBP13.
7528105|These genes are expressed prior to the formation of distinct motor axon pathways and before motor columns appear.
7540531|We identified two cadherins, c-cad6B and c-cad7, expressed by neural crest cells at their premigratory and migratory stages, respectively, in chicken embryos.
7540531|During development, c-cad6B appeared in the neural fold, localizing at the future neural crest area.
7543319|The Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization to sections of mouse embryos and postnatal tissues have revealed that the rab GDI alpha/XAP-4 is expressed predominantly in neural and sensory tissues and may thus serve a specific function in neural signal transmission.
7565677|HSF2 alternative splicing is also developmentally regulated, as our results reveal a switch in expression from the HSF2-beta mRNA isoform to the HSF2-alpha isoform during testis postnatal developmental.
7577675|"Expression patterns of the paired-related homeobox genes MHox/Prx1 and S8/Prx2 suggest roles in development of the heart and the forebrain."
7577675|Prx1 and Prx2 (previously called MHox and S8, respectively) are the members of a small subfamily of vertebrate homeobox genes expressed during embryogenesis from gastrulation onwards.
7577675|From at least day 8.5, Prx-1 expression was observed in the heart, initially in the endocardial cushions and later in the developing semilunar and atrioventricular valves.
7577675|Prx2 develops early on a diffuse myocardial expression pattern and is later higher expressed in the ventricular septum and in particular in the ductus arteriosus.
7577675|Prx2 is never expressed in the brain, whereas Prx1 is expressed, from at least day 9.5 onwards, in a unique distinct domain in the ventral part of the hypothalamus, as well as in a broader region of the telencephalon.
7589808|"Dermo-1: a novel twist-related bHLH protein expressed in the developing dermis."
7589808|Within its bHLH region, Dermo-1 shares extensive homology with members of the twist family of bHLH proteins, which are expressed in embryonic mesoderm.
7589808|During mouse embryogenesis, Dermo-1 showed an expression pattern similar to, but distinct from, that of mouse twist.
7589808|Dermo-1 was expressed at a low level in the sclerotome and dermatome of the somites, and in the limb buds at Day 10.5 post coitum (p.c.), and accumulated predominantly in the dermatome, prevertebrae, and the derivatives of the branchial arches by Day 13.5 p.c.
7589808|As differentiation of prechondrial cells proceeded, Dermo-1 expression became restricted to the perichondrium.
7589808|Expression of Dermo-1 increased continuously in the dermis through Day 17.5 p.c. and was also detected in the dermis of neonates, but became downregulated in adult tissues.
7589814|The appearance and distribution of both proteins during embryogenesis is correlated with the formation of a brush border within the alimentary canal as documented at the ultrastructural level.
7589814|Colocalization of MIA and MIB to larval and adult gut by confocal microscopy demonstrates distinct but overlapping subcellular distributions of these two proteins.
7589814|In the larval brush border, MIA is enriched in the subapical terminal web domain whereas MIB is found predominantly in the apical microvillar domain.
7601355|The dachsous gene is expressed in the ectoderm of embryos, whereas its expression in larvae is restricted to imaginal discs and specific regions of the brain.
7603568|Using a newly developed axon-targeted reporter gene we find that drl is expressed by a small subset of embryonic interneurons whose growth cones choose common pathways during development.
7605749|"Drosophila MEF2 is regulated by twist and is expressed in both the primordia and differentiated cells of the embryonic somatic, visceral and heart musculature."
7605749|Drosophila has a single MEF2 gene, DMEF2, that is alternatively spliced to produce different transcripts and which is expressed in the mesodermal primordium before gastrulation.
7609614|"Differential expression of Notch1 and Notch2 in developing and adult mouse brain."
7609614|Notch2 was expressed in the embryonic ventricular zone, the postnatal ependymal cells, and the choroid plexus throughout embryonic and postnatal development.
7609614|Notch1 was also expressed in the ventricular zone between embryonic days 10 and 14, but its expression decreased gradually as embryos developed.
7609614|The postnatal mouse brain strongly expressed Notch2, but not Notch1, in the granular cell layer of hippocampal dentate gyrus, where neurogenesis continues even in adult rodents.
7616504|"Cloning and characterization of genes expressed during gametogenesis of female and male mice."
7616504|We cloned cDNAs preferentially expressed in both sexes during gametogenesis considering both the meiotic programme and the non-germ cells participating in the developmental regulation of gametogenesis.
7635043|We conclude that, in mice, the three zona pellucida genes are expressed in a coordinate, oocyte-specific manner during the growth phase of oogenesis.
7646512|"The MEF2B homologue differentially expressed in mouse embryonal carcinoma cells."
7646512|While the transcription of MEF2A and MEF2D was up-regulated during differentiation of P19 cells, the MEF2B homologue was abundantly transcribed in undifferentiated P19, F9 and ES cells and down-regulated in adult heart, skeletal muscle or brain, suggesting that the murine MEF2B homologue might have a function distinct from other members of the MEF2 gene family in embryogenesis and development.
7649392|"Expression of the novel basic helix-loop-helix gene eHAND in neural crest derivatives and extraembryonic membranes during mouse development."
7649392|Its low sequence identity with other bHLH family members and unique expression pattern during development suggest that eHAND defines a new subclass of Class B bHLH proteins.
7649392|eHAND was expressed at high levels in trophoblast cells and extraembryonic membranes throughout development.
7649392|The first site of eHAND expression in embryos was the heart, where it was expressed at high levels between 8.5 and 10.5 days post coitum (d.p.c.), after which transcript levels declined abruptly.
7649392|By 13.5 d.p.c., eHAND expression in the heart was localized to regions of valve formation.
7649392|Expression in other regions of the embryo was confined to tissues with a substantial neural crest component.
7649392|The expression pattern of eHAND during development is distinct from that of other bHLH genes and suggests that it has a role in formation of extraembryonic tissues, heart, and neural crest derivatives.
7665074|Northern blot analysis showed that the mRNA encoding MIR was already expressed in fruits of Richadella dulcifica at 3 weeks after pollination and was present specifically in the pulp.
7669696|This early phase starting at day 9.5 pc, Sax-1 was expressed in distinct areas of spinal cord, hindbrain and forebrain.
7669696|In addition to the normal pattern of Sax-1 during development, the expression in different mouse mutants was analysed.
7689221|Here, we report that the mRNA encoding a DEAD box protein, designated HuDBP-RB, is present at elevated levels in two of six retinoblastoma (RB) cell lines tested and is preferentially expressed in fetal tissues of neuroectodermal origin.
7693527|"Integrin expression in early amphibian embryos: cDNA cloning and characterization of Xenopus beta 1, beta 2, beta 3, and beta 6 subunits."
7693527|In the early embryo the beta 1 subunit is encoded by a maternally transcribed mRNA expressed in all cells, but is most abundant in ectoderm and mesoderm.
7693527|The beta 2 and beta 6 mRNAs are expressed at high levels in late tailbud stages, although very low levels of beta 6 are also detected in eggs and early embryos.
7693527|These data provide evidence that multiple integrins are expressed at the earliest stages of vertebrate development coincident with the onset of morphogenesis.
7742371|Three transcripts of the eIF-4E gene were detected throughout Drosophila development.
7742978|The 29,000 Da glycoprotein is synthesized in the fat body, is present in both male and female, and is present during all stages of development.
7814416|The data presented suggest that NGF regulates the expression of PC12-PTP1 during periods of neuronal growth and differentiation.
7826346|A novel membrane molecule, previously observed to be co-isolated with lipophosphoglycan and called lipophosphoglycan-associated protein, has been detected in Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes.
7826346|This kinetoplastid membrane protein (KMP-11) has been purified by preparative SDS/PAGE after organic solvent extraction of promastigote membranes.
7826346|Immunoblot analysis of subcellular fractions, together with 125I-labelling experiments, showed this molecule to be associated with the promastigote cell surface membrane.
7852540|A novel member of the insulin superfamily has previously been shown to be expressed only in porcine pre and postnatal Leydig cells and its human analogue demonstrated in the human testes but not in other organs and hence has been tentatively termed Leydig insulin-like peptide (Ley I-L).
7852540|Normal and neoplastic breast tissue and fetal membranes with adhering decidua did not express the gene.
7873785|"Structure and distribution of N-cadherin in developing zebrafish embryos: morphogenetic effects of ectopic over-expression."
7873785|N-cadherin cDNA was cloned from a zebrafish embryonic cDNA library.
7873785|Developmental Northern and Western blot analyses indicated that both the mRNA and the protein first appear at gastrulation.
7873785|In-situ hybridization showed that ZN-cadherin mRNA was initially present in all deep cells, and later became restricted to various epithelial and neural tissues.
7873785|Whole-mount immunostaining indicated that while ZN-cadherin was already present at 50% epiboly, it became associated with cell junctions only 4-5 h later.
7873785|In developing somites ZN-cadherin expression was prominent but transient.
7873785|High levels of the protein were detected in epithelial somites and its expression was apparently down regulated concomitantly with the onset of myogenesis.
7875328|"mRNA encoding the translation initiation factor eIF-4E is expressed early in Xenopus embryogenesis."
7875328|To investigate the expression of eIF-4E itself, we characterized the eIF-4E mRNA expressed in Xenopus embryos.
7875328|Xenopus eIF-4E mRNA is produced during oogenesis and persists during the early stages of embryogenesis as a maternal mRNA.
7892198|During Drosophila embryogenesis, Shark is expressed exclusively by ectodermally derived epithelia and is localized preferentially to the apical surface of these cells.
7892198|This apical localization persists, even as tissues undergo complex invaginations, moving from the external surface of embryos to form internal structures, but expression is lost when cells lose their polarity.
7893599|"Identification of novel protein kinases expressed in the myocardium of the developing mouse heart."
7893599|Prior to and at the time of heart formation (7.5-8.0 dpc), Hek2 is expressed in the cranial (rostral) region of the embryo from which a subpopulation of cells will give rise to the rudimentary heart.
7893599|Between 8.0 and 9.5 dpc, Hek2 mRNA expression is observed in myocardial cells, head mesenchyme and paraxial mesoderm.
7893599|After 9.5 dpc, Hek2 expression is downregulated.
7893599|msk mRNA expression is restricted to myocardial cells and their progenitors in the 7.75-8.5 dpc developing heart.
7893599|The patterns of Hek2 and msk expression suggest that these protein kinases may function during development of the primitive heart.
7908825|"Prox 1, a prospero-related homeobox gene expressed during mouse development."
7908825|In Drosophila, prospero is expressed in the developing CNS, lens-secreting cone cells of the eye, and midgut.
7908825|Expression is also detected in the developing liver and heart, as well as transiently in the skeletal muscles.
7916966|"Distribution and developmental pattern of neuromedin U expression in the rat gastrointestinal tract."
7916966|Quantification of NmU mRNA and peptide contents in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum during postnatal development of the rat showed message and peptide levels to be greater in the maturing rat than in neonates.
7916966|Message levels in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum showed 14-, 7- and 4-fold increases respectively between 1 and 56 days after birth, whilst the corresponding peptide levels in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum showed 33-, 14- and 25-fold increases respectively.
7920656|"An ancient family of embryonically expressed mouse genes sharing a conserved protein motif with the T locus."
7920656|Each T-box gene is expressed in a unique temporal and spatial pattern during embryogenesis.
7926721|"The Doa locus encodes a member of a new protein kinase family and is essential for eye and embryonic development in Drosophila melanogaster."
7926721|The gene is expressed throughout development, and both stage and tissue-specific RNAs are found.
7927770|All of the Leishmania promastigotes and African trypanosomes tested contained an 11-kDa protein, as detected by immunoblotting with KMP-11-specific monoclonal antibodies.
7929226|"Thyroid hormone-dependent differential regulation of multiple arginase genes during amphibian metamorphosis."
7929226|Both the liver and nonhepatic arginase genes are activated early during embryogenesis.
7929226|The liver arginase gene is strongly expressed in tadpole liver, but weakly in other tissues.
7929226|In contrast, the nonhepatic arginase genes have the strongest expression in the tadpole tail.
7929226|In the intestine, both types of arginase genes are activated during the remodeling period.
7929226|In the tail, the liver arginase gene is activated during tail resorption, whereas the nonhepatic ones are highly expressed throughout all stages examined.
7929226|Finally, in the hindlimb, the liver arginase is up-regulated slightly during development, whereas the nonhepatic ones have low levels of expression until the end of metamorphosis.
7929562|Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization demonstrated that KIF4 is strongly expressed in juvenile tissues including differentiated young neurons, while its expression is decreased considerably in adult mice except in spleen.
7958884|Trg is expressed throughout embryogenesis, first at the blastoderm stage in the hindgut primordium under the control of the terminal gap genes tll and hkb, and then until the end of embryogenesis in the differentiating hindgut.
7958884|Homologs of Trg are also expressed in the developing hindgut of Tribolium and Locusta embryos suggesting a highly conserved function of Trg in insects.
8005432|"Transient, meiosis-induced expression of the rec6 and rec12 genes of Schizosaccharomyces pombe."
8005432|After pat1-114 temperature-induced meiosis, the transcripts of rec6 and rec12 were induced to maximal levels at 2-3 hr, at about the time of premeiotic DNA synthesis, but were present at much lower levels before and after this time.
8044176|There is a developmental pattern of gene expression affecting the embryo stages.
8096815|Quantitative analysis of pgp mRNA levels during development showed that pgp-1, -2, and -3 were expressed throughout the life cycle of C.elegans, albeit with some variation indicating developmental regulation.
8098616|"The mouse Dlx-2 (Tes-1) gene is expressed in spatially restricted domains of the forebrain, face and limbs in midgestation mouse embryos."
8098616|Dll expression in the Drosophila embryo is principally limited to the primordia of the brain, head and limbs.
8098616|Dlx-2 is also expressed principally in the primordia of the forebrain, head and limbs.
8131748|The orthologous gene of the mouse (known as T1 or ST2) is expressed during ontogeny first in the fetal liver of the embryo and then in lung and hematopoietic tissues of the adult.
8150285|We report that deltex encodes a maternally and zygotically expressed transcript that conceptually translates to a basic protein of novel sequence.
8150285|Immunolocalization of the protein reveals an apparently ubiquitous distribution in embryonic and imaginal tissues.
8155575|The Drosophila segment-polarity gene fused (fu) is required for pattern formation within embryonic segments and imaginal discs.
8155575|Transcripts from the fused gene have been characterized: a unique 3.2 kb fused transcript is produced in nurse cells, in low abundance, from stage 8 of oogenesis, and persistently through the rest of oogenesis.
8155575|In embryos, this transcript is evenly distributed in all embryonic cells until the extended germ band stage, after which its amount strongly decreases.
8166882|The hh mRNA was about 2.3 kb long and expressed throughout development.
8166882|As a whole, the spatial expression pattern of hh mRNA was very similar to that of engrailed (en), a homeobox gene required for the formation of the anterior-posterior compartment boundary.
8167375|"Developmental regulation of islet-1 mRNA expression during neuronal differentiation in embryonic zebrafish."
8167375|Isl-1 is also expressed by subsets of neurons in the central nervous system of rat and chick embryos.
8167375|Isl-1 mRNA first appears immediately after gastrulation in the polster, the cranial ganglia, and in Rohon-Beard neurons and ventromedial cells of the spinal cord.
8175883|The mRNA for both is present ubiquitously in the early embryo.
8175883|Later, the cytoplasmic form is expressed in parts of the gut.
8175883|The cytoplasmic form of gelsolin co-localizes with F-actin in the cortex of the cells in the embryo and in larval epithelia.
8175894|Interferon alpha selectively affects expression of the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen in late stage cells in the monocytic but not the granulocytic lineage."
8175894|The human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is expressed constitutively in cells of the myeloid lineage, appearing in myeloblast cells in some cases of acute myeloid leukemia and consistently being detected in promyelocyte stage cells as well as in all later stage cells including peripheral blood monocytes and granulocytes.
8182365|H2 relaxin is synthesized in the corpus luteum during pregnancy and is also found in the placenta and prostate, whereas expression of H1 has been very difficult to detect.
8187637|"A Drosophila G1-specific cyclin E homolog exhibits different modes of expression during embryogenesis."
8187637|Unlike other Drosophila cyclins, DmcycE exhibits a dynamic pattern of expression during development.
8187637|DmcycE is supplied maternally, but at the completion of the cleavage divisions and prior to mitosis 14, the maternal transcripts are rapidly degraded in all cells except the pole (germ) cells.
8187637|In contrast, expression in proliferating embryonic peripheral nervous system cells occurs during interphase as a brief pulse that initiates before and overlaps with S phase, demonstrating the presence of a G1 phase in these embryonic neural cell cycles.
8187637|DmcycE appears not to be expressed in cells that undergo endoreplication cycles during polytenization.
8195162|Northern blotting analysis revealed that unfertilized eggs contain a significant amount of mRNA for the procathepsin L as a maternal mRNA.
8206370|It is expressed as a single 600-nucleotide (nt) transcript during oogenesis and embryogenesis.
8206370|A larger transcript of 1500 nt is prevalent in some later stages of Dm development.
8219362|The Etl-1 gene encodes a nuclear protein differentially expressed during early mouse development."
8219362|ETL-1 is a nuclear protein and is expressed in a biphasic manner during early embryogenesis.
8219362|Moderate levels of ETL-1 were detected in unfertilized and fertilized eggs but in the latter the protein was not concentrated in the pronuclei and seemed evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm.
8219362|In two-cell embryos nuclear ETL-1 protein accumulated transiently and levels decreased during subsequent cleavage development.
8219362|After the morula stage, ETL-1 levels increased again; in blastocysts high levels of ETL-1 were present in inner cell mass cells whereas trophectoderm cells contained little or no ETL-1.
8219362|During subsequent development essentially all cell types except parietal endoderm and trophoblast cells contained high levels of ETL-1.
8219362|Our results imply that nuclear ETL-1 is dispensable for the progression to the two cell stage, and suggest that during cleavage ETL-1 might be needed at the onset of embryonic transcription.
8219362|In blastocysts ETL-1 function might be specifically required in cells of the inner cell mass and later in most cells of the embryo proper and extraembryonic ectoderm lineage.
8223281|A number of these early puffs (2B5, 74EF and 75B) contain complex transcription units (Broad-Complex, E74 and E75 respectively) encoding families of regulatory proteins which are expressed in most if not all tissues.
8223628|The expression patterns of the WZF1 and histone H3 genes in the early stages of germination differed, expression of the WZF1 gene being almost constant but not that of the H3 gene.
8275102|In developing seeds, expression was most pronounced in both the inner and outer integument epidermis.
8276118|In blot hybridization analysis, a approximately 16 kilobase RNA species was identified abundantly in a 6-12 h embryo as the transcript from this gene.
8282729|However, in rats of perinatal age (from prenatal day 2 to postnatal day 3), levels of HSP27 in the rectus femoris muscle were enhanced like those in the soleus muscle, reaching the maximum levels at postnatal day 3.
8282729|The increase in alpha B crystallin in the hindlimb muscles was also observed in the perinatal period.
8282729|However, alpha B crystallin concentrations in the soleus muscle of perinatal rats were as low as those in rectus femoris muscle.
8319910|Previously, we cloned and characterized the wild-type agouti gene and demonstrated that it expresses a 0.8-kb mRNA in neonatal skin.
8319910|This other gene (Raly) has the potential to encode a novel RNA-binding protein that is normally expressed in the preimplantation embryo, throughout development, and in all adult tissues examined.
8330538|"Two FGF-receptor homologues of Drosophila: one is expressed in mesodermal primordium in early embryos."
8330538|In early embryos, DFR1 RNA expression, requiring both twist and snail proteins, is specific to mesodermal primordium and invaginated mesodermal cells.
8330538|At later stages, putative muscle precursor cells and cells in the central nervous system (CNS) express DFR1.
8388540|Immunoblot analysis using polyclonal anti-EWG antisera generated against a bacterial fusion protein reveals a single, 116-kDa protein present throughout development, beginning at approximately stage 12 of embryogenesis, which is enriched in adult heads and absent from embryos carrying certain ewg alleles.
8388540|Additionally, we show that EWG is localized specifically to the nuclei of virtually all embryonic neurons.
8394009|In embryos, this gene is expressed specifically in the developing nervous system.
8394009|In light of its similarity to trk and its neural-specific expression pattern, we suggest that Dror may encode a neurotrophic receptor that functions during early stages of neural development in Drosophila.
8396993|"Unique hexokinase messenger ribonucleic acids lacking the porin-binding domain are developmentally expressed in mouse spermatogenic cells."
8396993|Moreover, Hk1-sa and Hk1-sb transcripts are developmentally expressed in mouse spermatogenic cells.
8396993|Hk1-sa mRNA is first expressed during meiosis and continues to be present in postmeiotic germ cells, while the more abundant Hk1-sb mRNA is detected only in postmeiotic germ cells.
8400363|Transcripts are found at all stages of the life cycle but are especially abundant in the ovary, suggesting that this mRNA is maternally stored for utilization in embryogenesis to enable the rapid production of ribosomal proteins and assembly of ribosomes.
8405984|Most mutations in Cdc2, including the presumptive null allele Cdc2B47, die at the pupal stage, suggesting that the maternally supplied Cdc2 gene product drives earlier cell divisions.
8429912|Here we describe the cloning and characterization of a Drosophila gene product with considerable sequence similarity to TBP and a highly restricted expression pattern in the embryo.
8458435|The Ss1 type is highly expressed in developing endosperm and in roots and, at lower levels, in coleoptiles and aleurone.
8491178|RNA in situ hybridization experiments revealed that the Dfurin1-X and Dfurin1-CRR isoforms are expressed in non-overlapping sets of tissues during Drosophila embryogenesis.
8529672|The mRNA was detected at significant levels in the testes from mice aged 16 days after birth, suggesting that its expression started at the pachytene spermatocyte stage.
8536968|We cloned genomic DNA corresponding to the Drosophila virilis homologue of para, a gene encoding a sodium channel alpha-subunit, and obtained many partial cDNA clones from embryos and adults.
8537434|An analysis of the expression patterns of a Drosophila DP and E2F protein indicated that DmDP is developmentally regulated and in later embryonic stages preferentially expressed in proliferating cells.
8537434|In contrast, the expression of DmE2F-1 in late stage embryos occurs in a restricted group of neural cells, whereas in early embryos it is widely expressed, but in a segmentally restricted fashion.
8549764|"Molecular cloning of mouse epiregulin, a novel epidermal growth factor-related protein, expressed in the early stage of development."
8549764|Although epiregulin transcript was not detected in several adult normal tissues by Northern blot analysis, approximately 4.8-kb transcript was present in 7-day-old mouse embryo and then diminished to very low or undetectable levels.
8568941|"Zebrafish neurons express two L1-related molecules during early axonogenesis."
8568941|Partial clones coding for two L1-related genes, zebrafish L1.1 and L1.2, were isolated from a zebrafish embryonic cDNA library.
8568941|Analysis by in situ hybridization revealed that during embryonic development of the nervous system the L1.1 and L1.2 messages are restricted to postmitotic neurons and that the onset of expression correlates with the initiation of axonogenesis.
8568941|However, L1.2 either is undetectable or is expressed at very low levels in the neurons of the olfactory placodes, anterior lateral line/acoustic ganglia complex, posterior lateral line ganglion, and in late developing hindbrain neurons.
8599604|Subsequent immunohistochemical studies have shown that PGD-S is associated with neurons in the brain of immature rats, whereas in adult rats it is associated with oligodendrocytes.
8601806|RPF-1 protein first appears in the developing mouse retina at e11, where it localizes to neuroblasts that have recently migrated from the mitotic zone to the future ganglion cell layer.
8610176|"Identification and characterization of a RING zinc finger gene (C-RZF) expressed in chicken embryo cells."
8610176|Northern and in situ hybridization analyses of E8 chicken embryo tissues indicated that expression of the C-RZF gene was restricted primarily to brain and heart.
8610176|Western analysis of the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of chicken embryo heart cells and immunofluorescent staining of chicken embryo cardiocytes with anti-C-RZF antibodies demonstrated that the C-RZF protein was present in the nucleus.
8610176|The data suggest that we have identified another member of the RING-finger family of proteins whose expression in CEB cells may be affected by CT/TN and whose nuclear localization and sequence motifs predict a DNA-binding function in the nucleus.
8617233|In situ hybridization shows that during embryogenesis, larval and pupal life, transcription of caki is restricted almost exclusively to the central nervous system.
8621536|Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction detected the expression of peritrophin-44 in all three larval instars but only trace levels in adult L. cuprina.
8622919|Human myosin VIIA responsible for the Usher 1B syndrome: a predicted membrane-associated motor protein expressed in developing sensory epithelia."
8622919|In addition, the gene is expressed in the human embryonic cochlear and vestibular neuroepithelia.
8626012|"Synaptic integrins in developing, adult, and mutant muscle: selective association of alpha1, alpha7A, and alpha7B integrins with the neuromuscular junction."
8626012|In both developing and adult muscle, the integrin alpha1 chain was selectively associated with presynaptic cells (Schwann cells and/or nerve terminals), while alpha7 was present on both synaptic and extrasynaptic portions of the muscle fiber surface.
8626012|In developing muscle, alpha7A appeared postnatally and specifically at the synapse; alpha7B was present throughout the muscle fiber perinatally, becoming confined to the synapse in the second postnatal week; and alpha7C was present extrasynaptically both perinatally and in adulthood.
8626012|Thus, two of the alpha7 integrins are synapse-specific, and all three show distinct spatiotemporal patterns of expression within a single cell type.
8634143|Northern blot analysis indicates that the MCS mRNA is detectable only in the testis after day 30 of postnatal development.
8657145|We identified a major gel shift activity (termed BKLF), present in yolk sac and fetal liver erythroid cells, that could be distinguished from EKLF by specific antisera.
8657145|BKLF, which is widely but not ubiquitously expressed in cell lines, is highly expressed in the midbrain region of embryonic mice and appears to correspond to the gel shift activity TEF-2, a transcriptional activator implicated in regulation of the simian virus 40 enhancer and other CACCC-box-containing regulatory elements.
8660872|"A switch in broad-complex zinc-finger isoform expression is regulated posttranscriptionally during the metamorphosis of Drosophila imaginal discs."
8660872|The Z2, Z3, and Z4 RNA isoforms accumulate to high levels at the beginning of the ecdysone response and abruptly disappear after several hours.
8660894|This gene maps to the site of transgene insertion; it is transcribed during gastrulation, and its expression is disrupted in amn mutant embryos.
8666277|The 2.7-kb Dm Ddx1 RNA is expressed throughout development, but its levels are elevated in early embryos.
8668199|During mouse embryogenesis, MEF2B transcripts are expressed in the developing cardiac and skeletal muscle lineages in a temporospatial pattern distinct from but overlapping with those of the other Mef2 genes.
8679252|In addition, GDF-10 mRNA was present in both neonatal and adult bone samples, with higher levels being detected in calvaria than in long bone.
8697810|From a human fetal-brain cDNA library we isolated a novel gene encoding a peptide homologous to clathrin-adaptor small chains in rat, mouse, and yeast.
8698813|"SPC4, SPC6, and the novel protease SPC7 are coexpressed with bone morphogenetic proteins at distinct sites during embryogenesis."
8698813|SPC7, like SPC1, is expressed ubiquitously throughout development.
8698813|Shortly after implantation, SPC4 transcripts are localized to extraembryonic cell populations, and at later stages are detected in discrete tissues including the primitive gut, heart, neural tube, and limb buds.
8698813|At later stages of limb development, SPC4 mRNA is strongly expressed in cartilage and in the interdigital mesenchyme.
8698813|In limb buds, SPC6 is strongly expressed in the AER, and at later stages in dorsal mesenchyme.
8724342|"Developmental and stage-dependent expression of melanin-concentrating hormone in mammalian germ cells."
8724342|MCH was predominantly found in nuclei of spermatogonia at stages II-IV of spermatogenesis and in nuclei of leptotene and zygotene spermatocytes (at stages IX- XIII).
8724342|MCH was markedly absent in preleptotene spermatocytes at the stage VII-VIII, and MCH immunoreactivity was no longer detectable as spermatocytes underwent the pachytene step.
8724342|MCH immunoreactivity was also found in some peritubular cells, mainly at stages II-IV.
8724342|We found predominant staining with MCH antiserum over nuclei of immature germ cells as early as 10 days postpartum in the rat and further confirmed the absence of staining except for that in spermatogonia and early spermatocytes during rat postnatal development.
8724342|MCH immunoreactivity was found to be confined to the nuclei of spermatogonia and early spermatocytes in the adult man.
8724342|Our results indicate that MCH is present predominantly within nuclei of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes in three mammalian species and that its expression is under strong stage-specific and developmental regulation.
8737292|The extracellular matrix proteins fibulin-1 and fibulin-2 in the early human embryo."
8737292|In this study, they have been localized at the light microscopical level in human embryos of gestational weeks 4-10, using polyclonal antibodies.
8737292|Staining was also observed in the perichondrium and calcifying regions of developing bones.
8737292|The early embryonic expression of both fibulins indicates specific roles during organ development and, in particular, involvements in the differentiation of heart, skeletal and neuronal structures.
8756606|Oleosins are proteins associated with lipid bodies mainly synthesised during seed development.
8756608|A full-length cDNA clone (pA23) of 832 bp encoding an oleosin from Arabidopsis thaliana was isolated by differential screening of a silique-specific cDNA library with probes prepared from poly(A)+ RNA isolated from developing seeds of wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis and from mutant AS11 with a lesion affecting diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity during embryo development.
8787750|Here we show that the Drl RTK is also expressed by a small subset of developing embryonic muscles and neighboring epidermal cells during muscle attachment site selection.
8794449|No transcript was detected in livers or kidneys in day 18 embryos.
8794449|However, Northern blot analysis showed a marked increase of SMP30 mRNA in livers of neonatal and young rats.
8794449|The first peak of SMP30 transcript was found in a 5-day-old neonate, in which the amount of mRNA was threefold higher in comparison with 3- to 6.5-month-old adults.
8794449|The expression of SMP30 protein started to increase from day 7 and rapidly reached a plateau at day 10.
8794449|The substantial amounts of protein and transcript were maintained in adults up to 3-6.5 months of age.
8794449|In the kidney, SMP30 mRNA and protein started to increase at day 21 and reached near-maximal levels at day 35.
8794449|The levels of transcript and protein remained high in adults up to 3 months of age.
8794449|As the aging process progressed to senescent stages, the levels of transcript and protein decreased significantly in the liver and kidney of aged rats.
8794449|Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed a similar pattern of changes in SMP30 protein expression during neonate, adult and senescent stages in hepatocytes and renal proximal tubular epithelia.
8812457|In addition to a 3.1-kb constitutive mRNA transcript, a 2.2-kb transcript was present at a high level in postmeiotic spermatids, while expression of the 3.1-kb mRNA in testis was confined to the meiotic compartment.
8817453|"The Drosophila gene alien is expressed in the muscle attachment sites during embryogenesis and encodes a protein highly conserved between plants, Drosophila and vertebrates."
8817453|We have found a novel gene (alien) that is expressed exclusively in the muscle attachment sites (apodemes) during embryogenesis in Drosophila.
8824799|"Sequence analysis, chromosomal location, and developmental expression of the mouse preproendothelin-1 gene."
8824799|Edn1 expression and ET-1 peptide levels in the lung progressively increased during the perinatal stage, whereas the expression of Edn3, a gene encoding ET-3, reciprocally decreases.
8833144|Northern blot and in situ hybridization experiments demonstrate that the expression of the human MCS gene is restricted to haploid spermatids.
8836137|PG-Lb is a chondroitin/dermatan sulphate proteoglycan first isolated from chick embryo limb cartilage.
8836137|We isolated a clone from a cDNA library of newborn mouse epiphyseal cartilage using the cDNA fragment as a probe.
8842737|In the human embryo, myosin VIIA was present first in the pigment epithelium cells, and later in these cells as well as in the photoreceptor cells.
8842737|In contrast, in mouse, only pigment epithelium cells expressed the protein throughout development and adult life.
8850569|"Fibulin-1 and fibulin-2 expression during organogenesis in the developing mouse embryo."
8850569|Both fibulins have previously been shown to be deposited at sites where polarized cells convert into mesenchyme, during early stages of development of endocardial cushion tissue and in neural crest cells.
8850569|By Northern blots we confirm that expression of fibulin-2 is particularly high in the developing and newborn heart.
8850569|We also show that fibulin-2 mRNA and protein remained highly expressed during organogenesis in tissues derived from neural crest mesenchyme.
8850569|Fibulin-1 protein was located in some embryonic epithelial basement membranes.
8850569|A very prominent expression of fibulin-2 was seen during early stages of chondrogenesis in all cartilages analyzed.
8853987|"Expression of the T-box family genes, Tbx1-Tbx5, during early mouse development."
8853987|Tbx3 is expressed earliest, in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst.
8853987|Four of the genes are expressed in different components of the mesoderm or mesoderm/endoderm during gastrulation (Tbx1 and Tbx3-5).
8853987|All of these genes have highly specific patterns of expression during later embryogenesis, notably in areas undergoing inductive tissue interactions.
8879495|"A comprehensive survey of the cadherins expressed in the testes of fetal, immature, and adult mice utilizing the polymerase chain reaction."
8879495|On the basis of the nucleotide sequences of these PCR products, we have determined that five previously characterized cadherins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, P-cadherin, K-cadherin, and OB-cadherin), as well as two novel cadherins (T1-cadherin and T2-cadherin), are expressed at various stages during testicular development.
8879495|We observed that N-cadherin mRNA is expressed at all stages of testicular development, with maximal levels being present in the testes of 21-day-old mice.
8879495|Furthermore, we found that E-, P-, K-, OB-, and T2-cadherin mRNAs are all expressed in the fetal gonad.
8879495|The testicular levels of these cadherin mRNAs decreased dramatically after birth.
8879495|Conversely, T1-cadherin mRNA was not detected in the fetal, newborn, and 7-day-old testes but was present in 21-day-old and adult testes.
8879495|T1-cadherin levels were 10-fold higher in the testes of adult mice, compared to the levels found in the testes of 21-day-old mice.
8882725|Rae-1 mRNAs were detected in mouse early embryos, but not in various tissues of adult mice.
8916043|Light and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry detects the cysteine-rich protein first during step 11 of spermiogenesis in the mouse demonstrating that the cysteine-rich protein mRNA is under temporal translational control.
8916043|Electron microscope immunocytochemistry reveals that the cysteine-rich protein is evenly distributed in the cytoplasm in spermatids in steps 11 through early step 16 in mouse, and that it is associated with the outer mitochondrial membranes of spermatids in late step 16 and epididymal spermatozoa.
8917550|Transcripts specific for each of the ccgs preferentially accumulate during the late night to early morning, although they vary with respect to steady-state mRNA levels and amplitude of the rhythm.
8922532|Beta-Trace mRNA was initially detected at 14.5 days postconception in mesenchymal cells destined to become leptomeninges and in the developing testis.
8922532|Later in development, a lower level of expression was additionally observed in choroid plexus epithelium, in strictly confined regions of the eye (pigment and ciliary epithelium), in the ear (cochlear duct), and within single cells in the brain.
8922532|Expression was also found in epithelia of the epididymis and the testis Leydig cells of postpubertal animals.
8924413|"Temporal and spatial patterns of opsin gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio)."
8924413|Within the retina, opsins may be detected as early as 40 h postfertilization with the ultraviolet and rod visual pigments being expressed before the blue- (48 h) and red- (60 h) sensitive pigments.
8924413|In the pineal, red-sensitive opsin is expressed at 48 h postfertilization.
8930898|Northern blot analysis indicated that the four Drosophila kinases are expressed throughout embryogenesis.
8930898|Expression in early embryogenesis appeared to be ubiquitous according to in situ hybridization.
8930898|Abundant expression already at the start of embryogenesis and long before neuron differentiation was also observed in the case of cdk5 protein, which has been described as predominantly neuron specific in mice.
8975717|In the developing limb, chick PG-Lb appears to be exclusively expressed in the zone of flattened chondrocytes.
8982867|Genomic structures and characterization of Rae1 family members encoding GPI-anchored cell surface proteins and expressed predominantly in embryonic mouse brain."
8982867|Rae1 alpha, Rae1 beta, and Rae1 gamma cDNAs isolated from retinoic acid-treated mouse embryonal carcinoma F9 cells encode cell surface proteins sharing partial homology with MHC class I molecules, and mRNAs corresponding to these cDNAs were detected exclusively in early mouse embryos, especially in the head region.
8982867|Rae1 genes were preferentially expressed in early mouse embryos, preferentially in the brain, and RAE1 proteins were anchored on the cell surface by a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-tail, a feature shared by important cell surface ligands.
8996834|"Expression of the APP gene family in brain cells, brain development and aging."
8996834|In this paper, we summarize our analyses of the regulated expression of these alternatively spliced exons in APP and APLP2 in primary cultured rat brain cells, rat brain development and aging.
9013936|"The developmental expression in the rat CNS and peripheral tissues of proteases PC5 and PACE4 mRNAs: comparison with other proprotein processing enzymes."
9013936|Using in situ hybridization, we have here determined that two recently identified PC members, PC5 and PACE4, are expressed prenatally in spatial and temporal patterns that are each unique and distinct from those of previously characterized PCs.
9013936|PC5 mRNA is first detected at e9 in highly restricted regions of the neural tube, in caudal myotomes, and at the materno-embryonic junction of the uterus.
9013936|At e10, restricted PC5 mRNA expression is detected in the optic and otic vesicles, the roof of midbrain, and trunk myotomes.
9013936|By midgestation (e13-e16), PC5 mRNA expression in the developing nervous system has expanded to multiple regions including hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, brain stem, and spinal cord.
9013936|By midgestational stages, PACE4 mRNA is expressed in multiple regions of the developing nervous system, generally distinct from PC5, and including a uniquely high level of expression in the ventricular zone of the hippocampus.
9013936|In addition, PACE4 transcripts are expressed in the heart and liver, whereas PC5 is expressed in the adrenal and kidney primordia.
9013936|These results suggest that both PC5 and PACE4 may be involved in neuropeptide precursor processing in the developing nervous system and peripheral tissues with the general nonoverlapping expression patterns suggesting that PC5 and PACE4 may process distinct sets of proprotein substrates.
9016705|Development of petals and stamens in Arabidopsis flowers requires the function of the organ-identity gene APETALA3 (AP3), whose RNA is expressed specifically in petal and stamen primordia.
9034307|Zfp64 is expressed in all developing and mature mouse tissues examined, except the mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cell line.
9065696|Expression of the eIF-4E gene is spatially and temporally controlled during embryonic development.
9065696|It is ubiquitously expressed during embryogenesis but transcripts preferentially accumulate in certain tissues, particularly in the pole cells, at different developmental stages.
9070331|"Expression of zebrafish rag genes during early development identifies the thymus."
9070331|By whole-mount in situ hybridization, we detected expression of both rag genes in a paired organ in the head, beginning on the fourth day after fertilization.
9089097|These genes are expressed together exclusively in immature lymphocytes and are useful markers for following the development of lymphoid tissues.
9089097|Expression of both rag1 and rag2 begins late in embryonic development, on day 4, by northern RNA blot analysis.
9096349|In a search for tyrosine kinases expressed in early zebrafish embryos, a model system for the study of vertebrate development, we discovered Jak1 kinase to be maternally encoded and the mRNA evenly distributed among the cells of blastula-stage embryos.
9106167|In Drosophila, the maternal-effect gene deadhead encodes a thioredoxin-like protein that is required for initiation of embryonic development.
9106743|In embryonic stages, DPS is expressed primarily in the CNS.
9118803|who transcription occurs in muscle and muscle attachment site cells during both embryogenesis and metamorphosis, and is inducible by the steroid ecdysone at the onset of metamorphosis.
9141085|Here we report the identification of a Drosophila melanogaster homologue of human PS genes, Dps, which maps to band 77B-C on chromosome 3 and is expressed at multiple developmental stages.
9144527|Membrane proteins in growth cone-enriched and growth cone-non-enriched fractions prepared from neonatal mouse brain were separated by lectin-affinity and ion exchange chromatographies, 2D-PAGE, and SDS-PAGE.
9144527|An antibody raised against gmp23-48k strongly reacted with growth cones of differentiated neuronal precursor cells.
9144527|Immunoblot analyses revealed that gmp23-48k was present both in membrane and in soluble fractions of neonatal brain.
9144527|These results suggest a special role of membrane-associated gmp23-48k/p50 in synapse formation during brain development.
9148749|The mRNA encoding the RyR3 isoform was found in both non-pregnant and pregnant myometrial tissue samples; however, the mRNA for RyR2 was found only in pregnant samples.
9149906|"Expression patterns of the E2F family of transcription factors during murine epithelial development."
9149906|We find selective up-regulation of E2F-2, E2F-4, and E2F-5 transcripts in epidermis and intestinal epithelium at important developmental stages.
9149906|E2F-4 transcript levels are high in early, undifferentiated single-cell-layer ectoderm, and later in 13.5-14.5-day-postcoitus (dpc) embryo epithelium, which contains several layers of proliferating cells.
9149906|E2F-2 is up-regulated following the onset of E2F-4 expression and is first apparent in undifferentiated epithelium at 13.5-14.5 days of gestation.
9149906|In contrast, E2F-5 transcripts are detected later in gestation, once the epidermis shows evidence of stratification.
9149906|Stratification of the epidermis into basal, proliferating cells and suprabasal, terminally differentiating cells at 15.5-19.5 days of gestation coincides with expression of E2F-2 and E2F-4 in basal cells and of E2F-5 in suprabasal cells.
9149906|Similarly, in intestinal epithelium, E2F-4 up-regulation in pseudostratified epithelium at 13.5 days of gestation precedes appearance of E2F-2 transcripts, in 14.5-dpc embryos, in the proliferating, intervillus epithelium.
9149906|In 16.5-19.5-dpc embryos, no E2F-2 transcripts were detected at the tip of the developing villi, which contain terminally differentiating cells.
9153242|Using Northern blot analysis, a ppGaNTase-T4 message of 5.5 kilobases was detectable in murine embryonic tissues, as well as the adult sublingual gland, stomach, colon, small intestine, lung, cervix, and uterus with lower levels detected in kidney, liver, heart, brain, spleen, and ovary.
9163526|The cSAP49 mRNA, like other mRNAs in the same polycistronic unit, is expressed in most of the developmental stages, consistent with its putative essential function for mRNA splicing.
9168130|RNA expression is high in embryos and antennae as compared to adult heads, adult bodies and larvae.
9169836|When expressed in dividing neural precursors in Drosophila, Numblike is symmetrically distributed in the cytoplasm, unlike endogenous d-Numb or expressed mouse Numb (m-Numb), both of which are asymmetrically localized to one half of the cell membrane.
9169836|In mice, numblike mRNA is preferentially expressed in adult and embryonic nervous system.
9169836|In the developing neocortex, Numblike is expressed in postmitotic neurons in the cortical plate, but not in progenitors within the ventricular zone where m-Numb and Notch1 are expressed.
9171826|dHAND and eHAND are related basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that are expressed in mesodermal and neural crest-derived structures of the developing heart.
9171826|In contrast to their homogeneous expression during avian cardiogenesis, during mouse heart development we show that dHAND and eHAND are expressed in a complementary fashion and are restricted to segments of the heart tube fated to form the right and left ventricles, respectively.
9174053|In situ hybridization studies revealed Alk expression beginning on embryonic day 11 and persisting into the neonatal and adult periods of development.
9174053|Alk transcripts were confined to the nervous system and included several thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei; the trigeminal, facial, and acoustic cranial ganglia; the anterior horns of the spinal cord in the region of the developing motor neurons; the sympathetic chain; and the ganglion cells of the gut.
9175728|"Dystroglycan is essential for early embryonic development: disruption of Reichert's membrane in Dag1-null mice."
9177299|"Expression of the JNK2-alpha1 gene in the developing chick brain."
9177299|The JNK2-alpha1 gene is preferentially expressed in the neuroepithelium of developing brain at stages 16-26, and transcripts are not detectable in the other region including spinal cord.
9178261|In early gastrulation, mouse fiz mRNA is expressed in all three germ layers.
9178261|Later in embryogenesis fiz mRNA is found in the central and peripheral nervous systems, nephrogenic mesenchyme and several other tissues, all of which are sites where Wnt proteins have been implicated in tissue patterning.
9182958|"Reelin mRNA expression during mouse brain development."
9182958|The highest level of expression was found in Cajal-Retzius neurons, while a high signal was also seen in the olfactory bulb, the external granular layer of the cerebellum and, particularly at early developmental stages, in hypothalamic differentiation fields, tectum and spinal cord.
9187143|"The NIMA-related kinase 2, Nek2, is expressed in specific stages of the meiotic cell cycle and associates with meiotic chromosomes."
9187143|Its expression in the testis was restricted to the germ cells, with highest levels detected in spermatocytes at pachytene and diplotene stages.
9195993|In the adult, it is expressed in early germ-cell stages, and expression could also be detected in fetal testis.
9196068|"Mouse adhalin: primary structure and expression during late stages of muscle differentiation in vitro."
9196068|Adhalin expression in embryonic mouse muscle was coincident with primary myogenesis.
9196068|Its expression was found to be up-regulated at mRNA and protein levels during myogenic differentiation in vitro.
9196068|The proper localization of adhalin to the muscle cell membrane was observed only in late stages of myotube maturation, coincident with the re-distribution of caveolin-3 and dystrophin.
9199191|Northern analysis of this cDNA indicated that, in contrast to mST8Sia V, two different sizes of transcripts corresponding to 11 and 2.5 kb were expressed in both human fetal and adult brain, while the transcript of 2.5 kb was detected only in adult heart and skeletal muscle.
9202329|We report the cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a cdc2-related protein kinase, named PFTAIRE, that is expressed primarily in the postnatal and adult nervous system.
9202329|The temporal and spatial expression patterns of PFTAIRE in the postnatal and adult nervous system suggest that PFTAIRE kinase activity may be associated with the postmitotic and differentiated state of cells in the nervous system and that its function may be distinct from those of p34cdc2 and cdk5.
9211940|Large amounts of MTH1 mRNA were present in thymus and testis, embryonic tissues, and certain cell lines.
9226452|In the head, Ptx1 expression is first detected in the ectoderm-derived stomodeal epithelium at E8.0.
9226452|Initially, expression is only present in the stomodeum and in a few cells of the rostroventral foregut endoderm.
9226452|A day later, Ptx1 mRNA is detected in the epithelium and in a streak of mesenchyme of the first branchial arch, but not in other arches.
9226452|In addition, Ptx1 is expressed early (E6.8) in posterior and extraembryonic mesoderm, and in structures that derive from these.
9249073|Large samples of original cDNAs encoding neonatal and adult mouse fast skeletal muscle troponin T (fTnT) have been isolated and characterized.
9249073|Different from the developmental cardiac TnT switch generated by alternative splicing of a single exon, the fTnT isoform transition is an additive effect of alternative splicing of multiple N-terminal-coding exons, especially exons 4, 8 and fetal that are expressed at higher frequencies in the neonatal than in the adult muscle.
9256356|A Drosophila melanogaster sequence homologous to the mammalian growth factor-stimulated TSC-22 gene was isolated in an enhancer trap screen for genes expressed in anterodorsal follicle cells during oogenesis.
9256356|In agreement with the expression of the enhancer detector insertion, in situ hybridization reveals that bun transcripts localize to the anterior dorsal follicle cells at stages 10-12 of oogenesis.
9256362|To further characterize the Eig17-1 gene product, a full-length cDNA clone was isolated from a late-larval cDNA library and sequenced.
9256362|Developmental Northern blot analysis revealed five distinct periods of Cyp18 expression during postembryonic development.
9256362|This pattern of expression is consistent with the known induction of Cyp18 transcription by 20-hydroxyecdysone at the time of pupariation and suggests that ecdysteroids are major regulators of Cyp18 expression throughout postembryonic development.
9260743|MAP1B is a major cytoskeletal protein in growing axons and is strongly regulated during brain development.
9260743|In spinal cord and brain, MAP1B mRNA levels were highest in early stages of development, decreased several fold during postnatal development, and remained low in adults.
9260743|In contrast, there were no significant changes of MAP1B mRNA levels during development of DRG and they remained high in adults.
9260743|Phosphorylated MAP1B was expressed in high levels during the early stages of development in brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve and decreased rapidly to undetectable levels postnatally except for sciatic nerve where it remained detectable.
9268706|"Differential display cloning of a novel rat cDNA (RNB6) that shows high expression in the neonatal brain revealed a member of Ena/VASP family."
9268706|Screening of the differential display bands that showed higher expression at neonate than at adult age enabled us to identify a novel rat cDNA (RNB6) coding for a protein of 393 amino acid residues.
9268706|Although the precise characterization of EVL was not reported, our Northern blot and immunoblot analyses demonstrated that RNB6 expression in the brain gradually increases during embryonic development, reaches maximum at postnatal day 1 and decreases thereafter.
9291583|"Murine subtilisin-like proteinase SPC6 is expressed during embryonic implantation, somitogenesis, and skeletal formation."
9291583|Using active site polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cloning, four members of the SPC family were identified at embryonic day 6.5: SPC1, SPC2, SPC3, and SPC6.
9291583|In situ hybridization analysis of sectioned E6.5 embryos in utero demonstrated strong SPC6 expression in differentiated decidua, overlapping and extending beyond the region previously described for the metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP-2.
9291583|Northern analysis showed that SPC6 mRNA in embryos is represented by two distinct sizes of message--the isoform SPC6-1 (3.0 kb) is most abundant at all stages, but significant levels of SPC6-b (6.0 kb) occur in E12.5 embryos.
9291583|Whole mount in situ hybridization to E8.5 embryos demonstrated strong SPC6 expression in the most posterior somite.
9291583|This somitic staining moved caudally with the developing embryo and by E10.5 became localized to the posterior of the tail, indicating that SPC6 is involved in somitogenesis.
9291583|SPC6 was expressed at low levels throughout the embryo, except in the developing nervous system, and strong expression was observed in the first branchial arch and in skeletal regions of the developing vertebrae, limbs, and craniofacium, suggesting additional roles for SPC6 in skeletogenesis.
9312075|On the other hand, this gene was expressed at high levels in the rat brain of embryonal day 12, and reached a peak at around birth, then fell to low level in the adult brain.
9315665|When in situ hybridization was performed, expression of the murine Jagged2 homolog was found to be highest in fetal thymus, epidermis, foregut, dorsal root ganglia, and inner ear.
9315665|In Northern blot analysis of RNA from tissues of 2-week-old mice, the 5.0-kb Jagged2 transcript was most abundant in heart, lung, thymus, skeletal muscle, brain, and testis.
9315665|Immunohistochemistry revealed coexpression of Jagged2 and Notch1 within thymus and other fetal murine tissues, consistent with interaction of the two proteins in vivo.
9334242|Affinity-purified anti-DAKAP550 IgGs were exploited to demonstrate that the anchor protein is expressed in many cells in nearly all tissues throughout the lifespan of the fly.
9339365|The results presented here extend our previous finding of expression of the Celsr1 receptor in the embryo and show that expression continues into adult life when expression in the brain is localized principally in the ependymal cell layer, choroid plexus, and the area postrema.
9344483|Ppras1 and Pprap1 are expressed in all stages examined with the maximum levels of their transcripts in amoebae and fruiting bodies, respectively, and the minimum levels in plasmodia, whereas the Ppras2 transcript is only detectable in amoebae and fruiting bodies.
9344542|Maternal and zygotic transcripts are produced by this gene and encode similar proteins with two alternative carboxy tails.
9344656|Northern analysis shows that expression of both genes is widespread and elevated in highly proliferative cells, such as testis, thymus, and fetal liver.
9358007|Fertilin alpha mRNA was present at all stages of development, suggesting that it is not exclusively expressed in post-meiotic germ cells.
9358007|In contrast, fertilin beta mRNA was first identified in day 19 testes, coincident with the presence of pachytene spermatocytes.
9370241|A new member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) of proteins from schistosomes, expressed by larval and adult Schistosoma japonicum."
9370241|Here we describe a cDNA from miracidia and adult Schistosoma japonicum parasites which apparently encodes a new member of the TM4SF.
9372934|SSP1 is expressed midway through meiosis, and homozygous ssp1 diploid cells fail to sporulate.
9373138|It is synthesized ubiquitously throughout embryonic life.
9376316|"Expression patterns of the E2F family of transcription factors during mouse nervous system development."
9376316|E2F-1, E2F-2 and E2F-5 are first detected in the 9.5 days post-coitus (dpc) forebrain.
9376316|Expression of these E2F forms extends caudally thereafter and includes the developing brain and the upper half of the 10.5 dpc spinal cord.
9376316|By 11.5 dpc, these E2F factors are expressed throughout the central nervous system.
9376316|In 12.5 dpc embryos, E2F-1, E2F-2 and E2F-5 are highly expressed in proliferating, undifferentiated neuronal precursors.
9376316|As neurons differentiate and migrate to the outer marginal zones in the nervous system, expression of these E2F members is extinguished.
9376316|In the developing retina, another neuronal tissue, E2F-1 expression is also confined to the proliferating, undifferentiated retinoblastic layer.
9376316|In contrast, E2F-3 expression is up-regulated as retinoblasts differentiate into the ganglion cell layer.
9388298|"Cloning and sequencing of the Aa-Pri1 gene specifically expressed during fruiting initiation in the edible mushroom Agrocybe aegerita, and analysis of the predicted amino-acid sequence."
9388298|The Aa-Pri1 transcript was abundant only during fruiting initiation and was undetectable in the other stages of development.
9389456|Desmocollins 3 and 1 were first expressed in epidermis in highly regional patterns at embryonic days 13.0 and 13.5, respectively, and both were up-regulated in general body epidermis at day 14.5.
9395101|"Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) transcripts: developmentally-sustained expression in odontoblasts and transient expression in pre-ameloblasts."
9395394|A conserved function for zebrafish and Drosophila Tolloid during embryogenesis is proposed.
9398525|It is expressed ubiquitously throughout embryogenesis and found to be highly enriched in the developing gut and in the nervous system of the embryo.
9404003|"Hierarchical expression of desmosomal cadherins during stratified epithelial morphogenesis in the mouse."
9404003|The results indicate that the type 2, type 3 and type 1 desmosomal cadherin messages are not obligatorily expressed as pairs during stratified epithelial morphogenesis.
9404003|DSG2 was the most uniformly expressed message in all E12.5 epithelia, gradually becoming confined to the basal cell layers during epithelial stratification indicating that its transcription was restricted to undifferentiated cells.
9405606|The iGnT transcript is highly expressed in fetal brain and kidney and adult brain but expressed ubiquitously in various adult tissues.
9409512|Expression pattern of the mitochondrial capsule selenoprotein mRNA in the mouse testis after puberty; in situ hybridization study."
9409512|In the testes of both ages, MCS mRNA first appeared in step 3 round spermatids, gradually increased during early spermiogenesis, and persisted a high level until step 14 spermatids.
9409512|After the step 14 spermatids, the signal began to decline and was weakly detected in steps 15-16 spermatids.
9409512|On the other hand, compared with that in the testes of 8-week-old mice, MCS mRNA level in the testes of 20-week-old mice increased over 2-fold at stages VI-III, while it slightly increased at stages IV-V.
9409512|These findings suggest that MCS gene transcription may be up-regulated after puberty in the mouse testis.
9413842|Stannin mRNA was present during early brain development and consolidated by post-natal day (PND) 20 to patterns and levels seen in adults.
9413842|In situ hybridization studies showed widespread neuronal expression of stannin mRNA at PND 1, which shifted to a restricted pattern of expression in specific regions by PND 20.
9414545|This higher-molecular-mass form is also detected in developing roots and hypocotyls but not in nodules.
9427551|Comparative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction studies have revealed that TSG-6 mRNA is specifically expressed after COC expansion induced in vivo, identifying the first non-pathological process in which TSG-6 may play an important role.
9431811|"Embryonic expression and characterization of a Ptx1 homolog in Drosophila."
9431811|D-Ptx1 is expressed at various restricted locations throughout embryogenesis.
9431811|Initial expression of D-Ptx1 in the posterior-most region of the blastoderm embryo is controlled by fork head activity in response to the activated Ras/Raf signaling pathway.
9431811|During later stages of embryonic development, D-Ptx1 transcripts and protein accumulate in the posterior portion of the midgut, in the developing Malpighian tubules, in a subset of ventral somatic muscles, and in neural cells.
9434622|Lower levels of transcripts were detected in intestine, thymus, and skin, three mitotically active organs, and whole-mount in situ hybridization performed on 10.5-day embryos allowed the detection of Nek2 transcripts in the brain.
9434622|Finally, indirect immunofluorescence staining of testis sections with Nek2-specific antibodies confirmed that this kinase is highly expressed in spermatocytes and, to a lesser extent, in early spermatids.
9441687|As in Xenopus embryos, zebrafish chordin is expressed in the organizer region and transiently in axial mesoderm.
9441687|In contrast to Xenopus, zebrafish chordin is also expressed in paraxial mesoderm and ectoderm and in localized regions of the developing brain, suggesting that there are additional roles for chordin in zebrafish embryonic development.
9441687|This finding reveals an unexpected function for spadetail in midline mesoderm and in differential regulation of chordin expression during gastrulation.
9441739|Gsc in the mouse is expressed during early and midembryogenesis and is required for craniofacial rib, and limb development.
9441739|The chick homolog of GSCL, termed GSX, is expressed during early chick embryogenesis.
9441739|We detected GSCL expression in human embryos and biphasic expression in mouse embryos.
9443808|To better understand the mouse Mef2 gene family, the mouse Mef2b gene, which was found to be expressed in undifferentiated embryonal cells, was characterized.
9443808|Mef2b gene was expressed in heart or skeletal muscle of early mouse embryo, but not in those of adult mouse.
9450953|Multiple isoforms of type 1 hexokinase (HK1) are transcribed during spermatogenesis in the mouse, including at least three that are presumably germ cell specific: HK1-sa, HK1-sb, and HK1-sc.
9450953|Using antipeptide antisera against unique regions of HK1-sa and HK1-sb, it was demonstrated that these isoforms were not found in pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, condensing spermatids, or sperm, suggesting that HK1-sa and HK1-sb are not translated during spermatogenesis.
9450953|Immunoreactivity was detected in protein from round spermatids, condensing spermatids, and mature sperm using an antipeptide antiserum against the common, germ cell-specific region, suggesting that HK1-sc was the only germ cell-specific isoform present in these cells.
9452020|A single 2.5-kb FAAH mRNA is distributed throughout the rat CNS and accumulates progressively between embryonic day 14 and postnatal day 10, remains high until postnatal day 30, then decreases into adulthood.
9461541|The B1-immunoreactive proteins (B1-IPs) are major secretory products of rat submandibular gland acinar-cell progenitors, and are also produced by neonatal and adult rat sublingual and parotid glands.
9461541|In order to characterize the B1-IPs, we have previously isolated cDNA clones encoding rat parotid secretory protein (PSP; the predominant parotid B1-IP) and the related clone ZZ3, which is developmentally regulated in the neonatal submandibular gland.
9461541|Neonatal submandibular gland proteins B1 and B2, as well as apparent Mr 26000-28000 and Mr 18000-20000 forms in submandibular, sublingual and parotid glands, are derived from the gene encoding ZZ3 by differential N-glycosylation and by proteolytic cleavage.
9461541|However, no evidence for proteins derived from an Smgb-like gene was observed in neonatal mouse submandibular or sublingual glands.
9466998|"A new human homeobox gene OGI2X is a member of the most conserved homeobox gene family and is expressed during heart development in mouse."
9466998|Overlapping expression of the genes encoding these proteins during craniofacial development suggested that they might interact with a common factor.
9466998|In situ hybridization on mouse embryos ranging from 9 to 16 days post-coitum localized murine Og12x mRNA in the heart, otic region, maxillary and mandibular components of the first branchial arch, nasal processes, eyelid, midbrain, medulla oblongata, limbs, dorsal root ganglia and genital tubercle.
9468385|"Mouse brain potassium channel beta1 subunit mRNA: cloning and distribution during development."
9468385|We then used a digoxigenin-tagged cRNA probe and in situ hybridization techniques to visualize the appearance of Kvbeta1 mRNA transcripts during late embryonic and early neonatal development of the mouse brain.
9468385|We detected Kvbeta1-specific labeling of cells in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, caudate putamen, colliculus, and cerebellum.
9468385|In hippocampus, we observed Kvbeta1 mRNA in CA3 pyramidal neurons at the earliest time examined, embryonic day 16 (E16).
9468385|Between E16 and postnatal day 7 (P7), cell labeling increased uniformly across the pyramidal neurons of Ammon's horn (CA1, CA2, and CA3).
9468385|Subsequently, between P7 and P22, regional differences characteristic of mature hippocampus appeared-intense labeling of neurons in CA3 and CA1, and less in CA2.
9468385|In cortex, labeling of cells in the subplate and cortical plate layers was observed at E16.
9468385|During development, the intensity of this labeling increased, and labeled cells persisted into the adult stage in the deep cortical layer (VIb) formed from subplate neurons.
9468385|Additional labeling of scattered solitary cells in cortical layers II-VIa emerged between P3 and P7 and was prominent in mature cortex.
9468385|In caudate putamen, Kvbeta1-labeled cells were observed at P1 and were restricted to the lateral and rostral half of the caudate.
9468385|During development, labeling expanded caudally and medially and eventually filled the mature caudate putamen.
9468385|In colliculus, a small population of inferior colliculus cells showed labeling at P7, and additional labeling of scattered cells appeared during development.
9468385|In superior colliculus, labeling was observed only in the adult deep gray layer.
9468385|In cerebellum, intense labeling was observed in Purkinje cells at all stages between P1 and adult.
9468385|Labeling was also seen in granule neurons in the external granule layer at early postnatal stages and in the inner granule layer beginning at P7.
9469669|The transcription of neurogenin was first detectable in zebrafish nervous system at late gastrulation stage.
9469669|The expression of zebrafish neurogenin precedes and overlaps that of HuC, one of the earliest neuronal precursor markers.
9472041|95F myosin and D-CLIP-190 are coexpressed in a number of tissues during embryogenesis in Drosophila.
9475419|The enzyme was purified from human seminal plasma by immunoaffinity chromatography and found to be 27 kDa in size and N-glycosylated, similar to PGDS in the cerebrospinal fluid.
9475419|Northern blot analysis revealed that mRNA for PGDS was expressed in the testis, prostate, and epididymis.
9475419|Through immunohistochemistry, PGDS was localized in Leydig cells of the testis and in epithelial cells of the prostate and ductus epididymidis.
9477319|The protein is ubiquitously expressed during development.
9479498|The mouse homolog of RNF4 was abundantly expressed in embryonic tissues from the earliest days postgestation and exhibited a ubiquitous pattern of expression as assessed by in situ hybridization.
9500551|The Hand1 gene, previously called Hxt, eHAND and Thing1, encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that starts to be expressed during pre-implantation development.
9500551|After implantation, Hand1 expression is restricted to placental trophoblast cells and later to embryonic cardiac and neural crest cells.
9507063|A novel Drosophila nuclear protein serine/threonine kinase expressed in the germline during its establishment."
9507063|We report here the identification and developmental expression of Dmnk (Drosophila maternal nuclear kinase), a Drosophila gene encoding a putative nuclear protein serine/threonine kinase with no apparent homology to previously identified protein kinases and located at 38B on the second chromosome.
9507063|Dmnk mRNAs are transcribed in nurse cells and are subsequently localized in the anterior of oocytes during oogenesis, in a manner similar to several maternal transcripts regulating oogenesis and early embryogenesis.
9507063|At early cleavage-stages Dmnk transcripts are transiently present throughout the embryo, but become restricted to the posterior pole and then to the newly-formed primordial germ cells (pole cells) by the blastoderm stage.
9507063|The transcripts are sustained in the pole cells during gastrulation until they pass through the midgut pocket wall into the body cavity.
9507063|Dmnk proteins become detectable in both somatic and germ line cell nuclei upon their arrival at the periplasm of the syncytial embryo, but then disappear from the somatic cell nuclei.
9507063|Consistent with mRNA expression, Dmnk proteins in pole cell nuclei are sustained during gastrulation.
9507063|Taken together, Dmnk represents a novel class of nuclear protein kinases and the dynamic expression of Dmnk suggests a role in germ line establishment.
9507120|TRAF4 is observed throughout mouse embryogenesis, most notably during ontogenesis of the central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous system, and of nervous tissues of sensory organs.
9516481|By Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization histochemistry, PI3K-IIgamma mRNA expression is confined to the liver throughout the development with much higher expression in adult liver than in fetal liver.
9520323|"Expression of a twist-related gene, Bbtwist, during the development of a lancelet species and its relation to cephalochordate anterior structures."
9520323|In late-gastrula embryos, the transcripts of Bbtwist were detected in the presumptive first pair of somites and the middorsal wall of the primitive gut.
9520323|At the late-neurula stage, it was also expressed in the anterior wall of the primitive gut, as well as in the evaginating lateral diverticula.
9520323|No signal was detected in the left lateral diverticulum when it was separated from the gut, while in the right one, the gene was expressed later during the formation of the head coelom in knife-shaped larvae, and in the anterior part of the notochord in the same larvae.
9520323|In 36-h larvae, only faint expression was detected in the differentiating notochordal and paraxial mesoderm in the caudal region.
9536085|"A novel mammalian wnt gene, WNT8B, shows brain-restricted expression in early development, with sharply delimited expression boundaries in the developing forebrain."
9536085|Wnt genes encode intercellular signalling molecules which play a variety of critical roles in early development, including, in several cases, a presumed role in brain development.
9536085|The human and mouse expression patterns appeared identical and were restricted to the developing brain, with the great majority of expression being found in the developing forebrain.
9536085|Expression in the developing hippocampus may suggest a role for WNT8B in patterning of this region and subchromosomal localization of the human gene to 10q24 may suggest it as a candidate gene for partial epilepsy in families where the disease has been linked to markers in this region.
9545320|Alternative splicing generates S mRNA in the venom gland and S and T mRNAs in muscle and liver.
9547506|These transcripts were expressed at low level in all murine tissues tested, except in the brain, testis and embryo, where high expression was detected.
9547506|Cellular localization of the mRNAs by in situ hybridization analysis shows that Pftaire-1 is expressed in late pachytene spermatocytes in the testis and in post mitotic neuronal cells both in the brain and the embryo, suggesting a role of Pftaire-1 both in the process of meiosis as well as neuron differentiation and/or function.
9565614|"Genomic organization of Drosophila poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and distribution of its mRNA during development."
9565614|Expression of the PARP gene was at high levels in embryos at 0-6 h after egg laying and gradually decreased until 8 h.
9565614|PARP mRNA increased again at 8-12 h and was observed in pupae and adult flies but not in larvae.
9565614|In situ mRNA hybridization of embryos revealed large amount of PARP mRNA observed homogeneously except the pole cells at the early stage of embryos, possibly due to presence of the maternal mRNA for PARP, and decreased gradually until the stage 12 in which stage PARP mRNA localized in anal plates.
9565614|At late stage of embryogenesis PARP mRNA was localized in cells along the central nervous system.
9566193|"The Drosophila melanogaster lipase homologs: a gene family with tissue and developmental specific expression."
9566193|The lip1 gene, coding for a protein similar to digestive lipases, is expressed in ovaries and early embryos and, with a different sized transcript, in all the other developmental stages.
9566193|The lip3 gene, whose translation product is more similar to lysosomal acid lipases, is expressed only during the larval period.
9573373|Localization of the FLODm message in D. melanogaster embryos reveals that expression of FLODm is confined primarily to the developing nervous system.
9576965|GFRalpha3 is not expressed in the central nervous system of the developing or adult animal but is highly expressed in several developing and adult sensory and sympathetic ganglia of the peripheral nervous system.
9576965|GFRalpha3 is also expressed at high levels in developing, but not adult, peripheral nerve.
9601034|We show that the expression of PNPO is developmentally regulated not only in liver but also in brain.
9601034|Specifically, PNPO activity in fetal brain tissue is 7.5-fold lower than that found in adult brain tissue.
9603430|At 24-hr postfertilization (HPF), Z tie-1 was expressed in all observed populations of endothelial cells.
9603947|Asm-1 is preferentially expressed in the embryo, whereas asm-2 is predominantly expressed in postembryonic stages.
9609829|"MES-2, a maternal protein essential for viability of the germline in Caenorhabditis elegans, is homologous to a Drosophila Polycomb group protein."
9609829|In Caenorhabditis elegans, germline immortality requires the maternal contribution from four genes, mes-2, mes-3, mes-4 and mes-6.
9609829|MES-2 is found in germline nuclei in larval and adult worms and in all nuclei in early embryos.
9609829|By the end of embryogenesis, MES-2 is detected primarily in the two primordial germ cells.
9609829|We hypothesize that mes-2 encodes a maternal regulator of gene expression in the early germline; its function is essential for normal early development and viability of germ cells.
9609830|It is enriched in the germline of larvae and adults and is present in all nuclei of early embryos.
9611274|Hybridization is strong in female adults, unfertilized eggs and 0-3-h-old embryos, then diminishes, but is still detectable, during later stages of development and in adult males.
9611274|More specifically, in-situ hybridization shows that Dhh transcripts, which are initially detected in nurse cells during mid-oogenesis, become localized to the developing oocyte at high levels.
9611274|Transcripts persist strongly during early blastoderm stages then fade dramatically by 3h of development.
9618174|The cluster comprises approximately 1 Mb of DNA, contains at least eight imprinted genes and is demarcated by the two maternally expressed genes Tssc3 (Ipl) and H19 which are directly flanked by the non-imprinted genes Nap1l4 (Nap2) and Rpl23l (L23mrp), respectively.
9618174|The mouse Kcnq1 gene is maternally expressed in most fetal but biallelically transcribed in most neonatal tissues, suggesting relaxation of imprinting during development.
9618266|Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses indicated that the activin beta gene is expressed in embryo, larva and adult stages of Drosophila.
9620774|Further expression analysis of Pitx3 in the mouse supports a unique role in early ocular development, with later expression extending to the midbrain, tongue, incisors, sternum, vertebrae and limbs.
9622634|"Spatially- and temporally-restricted expression of meltrin alpha (ADAM12) and beta (ADAM19) in mouse embryo."
9622634|Although the meltrin alpha and beta transcripts exhibit distinct expression patterns during embryogenesis, both genes are mainly activated in mesenchymal cells that are derived from both mesoderm and ectoderm.
9626059|Analysis in normal adult, fetal, and tumor tissues."
9635189|"Roles of Armadillo, a Drosophila catenin, during central nervous system development."
9639876|Reverse transcriptase-PCR also demonstrated the expression of peritrophin-48 in all three larval instars and adults but not pupae or eggs.
9639876|Peritrophin-48 was expressed only by the cardia and by the larval midgut.
9643646|"Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen (TIN-ag) is expressed in distinct segments of the developing human nephron."
9643646|No detectable expression is observed in the basement membranes of the branching ureteric bud, nephrogenic vesicle, or comma shape and s-shape stages of nephrogenic development.
9643646|Increased staining of the proximal tubular basement membrane is associated with outgrowth of the primitive tubule from the urinary pole of the developing glomerulus.
9643646|In more mature fetal tubules, TIN-ag expression closely resembles that of previously reported observations in mature tissue where it is present in high amounts in the basement membranes of proximal tubules, and to a lesser extent in Bowman's capsule and distal tubules.
9643646|Our results suggest that TIN-ag expression is developmentally regulated in a precise spatial and temporal pattern throughout nephrogenesis.
9651363|Northern analysis detected an abundant Ag-Aper1 transcript only in the adult gut, and not in any other tissues or at any other stages of development.
9651514|In mouse embryos CA3 is expressed at high levels in notochord and skeletal muscle and here we demonstrate that this pattern of expression is the same in the developing human embryo.
9655940|The mBLM mRNA level in the testis began to increase 12-14 days after birth, corresponding to the appearance of cells in the pachytene phase.
9660183|A 2.6-kb transcript, with the highest levels of expression in fetal brain and lung, was detected on Northern blots.
9660183|Two full-length cDNAs (one alternatively spliced) were isolated from a fetal brain library, both containing an open reading frame of 276 amino acids, but lacking a catalytic tyrosine kinase domain.
9665387|Both genes were predominantly expressed in proliferating fetal fibroblasts and developing dermis, and PRX-2 was downregulated in adult skin.
9671318|During embryogenesis, PEA3 is expressed in complex spatial and temporal patterns in both mesodermal somites and ectodermal tissues including the brain, dorsal spinal chord and neural crest.
9677393|The mRpgr transcripts are detected as early as E7 during embryonic development and are expressed widely in the adult mice.
9680388|Expression was detected in various tissues in earlier gestational age; however, confined to testes, spleen, thymus, and part of the hippocampus in the adult mouse.
9687312|Immunocytochemical staining detected basonuclin in the nuclei of spermatogonia and spermatocytes at various developmental stages.
9687312|During spermiogenesis, it relocated from the nucleus to the midpiece of the flagellum of the spermatozoa.
9687312|In the ovary, basonuclin was found mainly in the nuclei of developing oocytes.
9687312|The dual presence of basonuclin in differentiated spermatozoa and oocytes suggests that it may play a role in their differentiation and the early development of an embryo.
9697112|Atm expression was highest in the embryonic mouse nervous system, where it was predominantly associated with regions undergoing mitosis.
9697112|During the period of Purkinje cell neurogenesis, Atm was highly expressed in the area containing Purkinje cell precursors (the ventricular zone of the fourth ventricle).
9703997|EXT1 mRNA is initially expressed at 6.5 days post-coitum (d.p.c.), which coincides with gastrulation of the mouse embryo.
9703997|Whole mount in situ hybridization with 10.5 to 12.5 d.p.c. mouse embryos showed a high level of expression of EXT1 mRNA in developing limb buds.
9704500|"Genomic organization of DHR38 gene in Drosophila: presence of Alu-like repeat in a translated exon and expression during embryonic development."
9704500|In situ hybridization to 0-24 h wholemount embryos showed strong expression of DHR38 in neurogenic regions and in the intestinal tract during embryogenesis, suggesting a spatial and temporal control of transcription, partially analogous to the central nervous system-specific expression of NGFI-B in mammals.
9705843|SCGF transcripts are detected in spleen, thymus, appendix, bone marrow and fetal liver.
9714725|We newly isolated an mSox5 cDNA derived from 8.5-day mouse embryo.
9714725|The most significant difference between the embryo-derived and testis-derived mSox5 cDNAs is that the embryonic one encodes a leucine zipper motif and a neighboring glutamine-rich sequence stretch (named Q box), but the testis-derived one does not.
9714725|With reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction, we found that not only mouse embryo, but also the adult mouse testis, express mSox5 mRNA species encoding the leucine zipper and the Q box.
9716413|No activity was observed during specification of mesodermal lineages in the early embryo; instead, the gene was active within the M lineage and in a number of mesodermal cells with nonstriated muscle fates.
9716524|The expression pattern of cki-1::GFP suggests that cki-1 is developmentally regulated in blast cells coincident with G1, and in differentiating cells.
9716661|The expression of mouse polycystin2 in the developing embryo at day 12.5 post conception is localized in mesenchymally derived structures.
9722948|This novel RING finger gene is expressed throughout mouse embryonic development, with the highest levels of expression in E7-E11.
9724757|Optix is expressed during early development of the fly head and eye primordia.
9726250|"Mouse HNF-3/fork head homolog-1-like gene: structure, chromosomal location, and expression in adult and embryonic kidney."
9726250|In light of the significance of a number of fork head genes in early embryonic development, the pattern of expression during murine embryogenesis was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Hfh-1L transcripts were detected in mouse embryos at every stage tested from day 10.5 to 16.5 postconception (p.c.) and in the developing metanephros of 14.5- and 15.5-day p.c. embryos.
9730615|Expression of TSPYL was observed in all tissues investigated, as well as early onset during development.
9733104|"Expression of zebrafish bHLH genes ngn1 and nrd defines distinct stages of neural differentiation."
9733104|ngn1 expression is initiated at the end of gastrulation in the neural plate and defines broad domains of cells that probably possess an ability to develop as neurons.
9733104|Here, nrd transcription is activated at 25 hours postfertilization in the ventral retina.
9733104|Expression of islet-1 occurs in nrd-positive cells after expression of nrd, and the expression of the two genes partially overlaps in time.
9733527|Only tydc2 and tydc7 revealed expression in both roots and shoots, and TYDC3 mRNAs were the only specific transcripts detected in seedlings.
9736652|"Embryonic expression of the myelin basic protein gene: identification of a promoter region that targets transgene expression to pioneer neurons."
9736652|Although expression in Cajal-Retzius cells declined with embryonic development, preplate cells continued to express the transgene after arriving at their final destination in the subplate.
9736652|Interestingly, expression persisted in subplate neurons found within a distinct layer between the white matter and cortical layer VI well into postnatal life.
9740319|"Insulin-like 4 (INSL4) gene expression in human embryonic and trophoblastic tissues."
9740319|In fetal tissues, INSL4 mRNA was identified in the perichondrium of all four limbs, vertebrae, and ribs.
9740319|IGF-II mRNA, in agreement with the literature, are mainly located in the mesodermal core in the villous trophoblast and in most embryonic tissues.
9742251|The RpS3a gene is expressed ubiquitously and throughout development.
9746734|"Rat prostaglandin D2 synthetase: its tissue distribution, changes during maturation, and regulation in the testis and epididymis."
9746734|During maturation, PGD-S concentration increased steadily in the testis and epididymis; this is in contrast to the pattern of changes in the brain and liver, which showed a general trend of decline.
9755172|"A new long form of Sox5 (L-Sox5), Sox6 and Sox9 are coexpressed in chondrogenesis and cooperatively activate the type II collagen gene."
9755172|Transcripts for a new form of Sox5, called L-Sox5, and Sox6 are coexpressed with Sox9 in all chondrogenic sites of mouse embryos.
9761670|In situ hybridisation and Northern blot analysis have shown that this gene is expressed exclusively in gut cells of all developmental stages except the embryo.
9761670|A concatemer of the cpr-1 -147 GATA motif placed upstream of minimal promoter/lac Z reporter gene constructs results in strong reporter gene expression in gut cells of larval stages and also in embryos.
9767165|"musculin: a murine basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene expressed in embryonic skeletal muscle."
9767165|We describe the embryonic expression of musculin, a new murine member of the bHLH family of transcription factors.
9767165|In situ hybridisation revealed musculin expression in embryos was largely restricted to the embryonic skeletal muscle lineage.
9778497|At 24 hours of development, prior to neuronal differentiation, nrf is expressed ubiquitously throughout the developing retina and central nervous system.
9778497|At 48 hours of development, expression of nrf is detected in the ganglion cell layer, in the neurons of the inner nuclear layer, and in the optic nerve and optic tracts, and, at 72 hours of development, is no longer detectable by in situ hybridization.
9786956|"Onset of keratin 17 expression coincides with the definition of major epithelial lineages during skin development."
9786956|Synthesis of K17 protein first occurs in a subset of epithelial cells within the single-layered, undifferentiated ectoderm of embryonic day 10.5 mouse fetuses.
9786956|In the ensuing 48 h, K17-expressing cells give rise to placodes, the precursors of ectoderm-derived appendages (hair, glands, and tooth), and to periderm.
9786956|During early development, there is a spatial correspondence in the distribution of K17 and that of lymphoid-enhancer factor (lef-1), a DNA-bending protein involved in inductive epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
9790763|The human NLVCF transcript is 1.3 kb in size and is expressed at varying levels in many fetal and adult tissues.
9790763|Whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that Nlvcf is expressed in most structures of 9.5-dpc mouse embryos, with especially high expression in the head as well as in the first and second pharyngeal arches.
9801372|"Persyn, a member of the synuclein family, has a distinct pattern of expression in the developing nervous system."
9801372|Northern blotting, in situ hybridization, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry revealed that persyn mRNA and protein are expressed in these neurons from the earliest stages of axonal outgrowth and are maintained at a high level throughout life.
9801372|Persyn also becomes detectable in evolutionary recent regions of the brain by adulthood.
9804960|The expression of KMP-11 mRNA is strongly down-regulated not only during the parasite growth from the logarithmic to the stationary phase but also during the differentiation transit from promastigotes to amastigotes.
9804960|The estimated concentration of KMP-11 is one order of magnitude higher in promastigotes than in amastigotes.
9804960|By fluorescence microscopy a defined pattern of distribution of the protein was observed only in promastigotes where KMP-11 is mainly located in the flagellum and the flagellar pocket.
9806833|FKBP23 mRNA is expressed most strongly in heart, lung, and testis, beginning at day 8.5 of embryonic development.
9813312|In situ hybridization studies indicated that the rat Slit-1 mRNA is specifically expressed in the neurons of fetal and adult forebrains.
9819355|The presenilin protein family member SPE-4 localizes to an ER/Golgi derived organelle and is required for proper cytoplasmic partitioning during Caenorhabditis elegans spermatogenesis."
9819355|Specific antisera were used to show that SPE-4 resides within the fibrous body-membranous organelles membranes during wild-type spermatogenesis.
9826427|Northern analysis of hST8Sia III showed that the transcript corresponding to 11 kb was expressed in both human fetal and adult brain, while the expression of the 5.5-kb transcript was restricted to fetal liver, indicating that the expression of hST8Sia III is developmentally and tissue-specifically regulated.
9826557|"Expression of cytochrome P450RAI (CYP26) in human fetal hepatic and cephalic tissues."
9826557|Our results revealed expression of CYP26 in both human fetal liver and brain.
9826557|Highest levels of transcription were in adult liver, heart, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, placenta and regions of the brain.
9826557|CYP26 expression in fetal tissues was strongest in the brain and comparable with message levels in adult tissues.
9837935|However, the related mouse lipoxygenase mRNA was highly expressed in epidermis of newborn mice and to a lesser extent in adult brain cortex.
9837935|By in situ hybridization the mouse lipoxygenase gene was demonstrated to be temporally and spatially regulated during embryogenesis.
9837935|Expression was induced at embryonic day 15.5 in epidermis, nasal epithelium, and surface of the tongue.
9838113|A survey of expression of Q1alpha and Q1beta mRNA in the testis after birth revealed that Q1alpha mRNA is expressed in all testes of mice aged from 7 days to 8 weeks, and the expression of Q1beta mRNA begins 14 days after birth, corresponding to the appearance of cells in the pachytene stage.
9858720|"Embryonic expression and activity of doughnut, a second RYK homolog in Drosophila."
9858720|dnt is expressed in dynamic patterns in the embryonic epidermis, being found at high level in epithelia adjacent to cells that are invaginating into the interior of the embryo, including ventral furrow, cephalic furrow, fore- and hindgut, optic lobe and tracheal pits.
9867843|"Expression of three Caenorhabditis elegans N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I genes during development."
9867843|All three genes were expressed throughout worm development (embryo, larval stages L1-L4, and adult worms).
9867843|The gly-12 and gly-13 promoters were expressed from embryogenesis to adulthood in many tissues.
9867843|The gly-14 promoter was expressed only in gut cells from L1 to adult developmental stages.
9874222|An asparaginyl-specific cysteine endopeptidase which was named 'legumain-like proteinase' (LLP) and has an apparent molecular mass of 38.1 kDa was isolated from cotyledons of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings and partially characterized.
9874222|Two different legumain-specific clones named cp6b and p21b were isolated from a cDNA library of germinated bean cotyledons.
9874222|Northern-blot analysis indicated that mRNAs for both clones appear de novo during seed germination.
9879894|"A Plasmodium falciparum aminopeptidase gene belonging to the M1 family of zinc-metallopeptidases is expressed in erythrocytic stages."
9879894|The gene appears devoid of introns, displays the classical A + T richness and codon usage of P. falciparum genes, and is transcribed into a 4 kb mRNA in erythrocytic stages.
9879894|A polyclonal serum raised to a synthetic peptide deduced from the gene labelled schizont proteins of 96 and 68 kDa purified to homogeneity and both displaying aminopeptidase activity, as well as cytoplasmic structures in schizont stages.
9887327|In the developing mouse embryo, Eya4 is expressed primarily in the craniofacial mesenchyme, the dermamyotome and the limb.
9889000|These studies showed that Cds2 is highly expressed in the differentiating neuroblasts of the neural retina and in the central nervous system during embryonic development, while it was not detected in adult retina.
9915854|In this study, we have used in situ hybridization and developmental Northern blot assays to demonstrate that PTTG mRNA is expressed stage-specifically in spermatocytes and spermatids during rat spermatogenic cycle.
9915854|Northern blot analysis showed that testis contains higher levels of HSJ2 mRNA than other tissues examined, and the expression pattern of HSJ2 mRNA in postnatal rat testis is similar to PTTG.
9916915|A temporal Tcf-4 expression gradient was observed along the crypt-villus axis of human small intestinal epithelium: strong Tcf-4 expression was present within the crypts of early (week 16) human fetal small intestine, with the villi showing barely detectable Tcf-4 protein levels.
9916915|Tcf-4 expression levels increased dramatically on the villi of more highly developed (week 22) fetal small intestine.
9916915|We conclude that Tcf-4 exhibits a highly restricted expression pattern related to the developmental stage of the intestinal epithelium.
9916915|The high levels of Tcf-4 expression in mammary epithelium and mammary carcinomas may also indicate a role in the development of this tissue and breast carcinoma.
9933568|Slc22a3 is specifically expressed in placenta, but the levels of expression decline toward the end of gestation.
9933568|SLC22A3 is expressed in first-trimester and term placenta, but also in skeletal muscle, prostate, aorta, liver, fetal lung, salivary gland, and adrenal gland.
10022955|As part of a large scale mouse Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) project to identify molecules involved in the initiation of mammalian development, a homolog of the Drosophila cornichon gene was detected as a mouse maternal transcript present in the two-cell embryo.
10022955|Transcripts of Cnih are highly abundant in the full grown oocyte and the ovulated unfertilized egg, while Cnil message is only detectable after activation of the embryonic genome at the eight-cell stage.
10022955|The lack of cytoplasmic polyadenylation of the maternally inherited Cnih transcript suggests that Cnih mRNA is translated in the full grown oocyte before, but not after, ovulation.
10051403|Northern blot analysis showed DCAMKL1 to be predominantly expressed in human fetal brain as a major transcript of about 5.8 kb.
10067875|No CGRP-RCP immunoreactivity was observed in other cells at less mature stages of sperm maturation, in Sertoli or interstitial (Leydig) cells, or in human spermatozoa.
10068639|"Bar homeobox genes are latitudinal prepattern genes in the developing Drosophila notum whose expression is regulated by the concerted functions of decapentaplegic and wingless."
10072440|During embryonic development, Hic1 is expressed in mesenchymes of the sclerotomes, lateral body wall, limb and cranio-facial regions embedding the outgrowing peripheral nerves during their differentiation.
10072440|During fetal development, Hic1 additionally is expressed in mesenchymes apposed to precartilaginous condensations, at many interfaces to budding epithelia of inner organs, and weakly in muscles.
10073577|In situ hybridization of CPX-1 mRNA in embryonic and fetal mouse tissue showed expression throughout the head and thorax, with abundance in primordial cartilage and skeletal structures.
10073577|In the head, high levels of CPX-1 mRNA were associated with the nasal mesenchyme, primordial cartilage structures in the ear, and the meninges.
10073577|In the thorax, CPX-1 mRNA was expressed in multiple developing skeletal structures, including chondrocytes and perichondrial cells of the rib, vertebral, and long-bone primordia.
10079517|"Developmental expression and molecular characterization of two gap junction channel proteins expressed during embryogenesis in the grasshopper Schistocerca americana."
10079517|Here we present the molecular cloning and sequence analysis of two novel innexins, G-Inx(1) and G-Inx(2), expressed during grasshopper embryonic development.
10079517|G-Inx(1) is primarily expressed in the embryonic nervous system, in neural precursors and glial cells.
10079517|In addition, a restricted stripe of epithelial cells in the developing limb, involved in the guidance of sensory growth cones, expresses G-Inx(1).
10079517|G-Inx(2) expression is more widespread in the grasshopper embryo, but a restricted expression is found in a subset of neural precursors.
10087198|Mouse Cops2 is widely expressed in embryonic, fetal, and adult tissues beginning as early as E7.5.
10101125|Using specific antibodies, we show that the Stil protein accumulates in the nucleus of all female germ cells throughout development, and is transiently expressed during early stages of male germline differentiation.
10102577|For example, the highest expression level was at 1 week after germination.
10196375|Dysferlin is a plasma membrane protein and is expressed early in human development."
10196375|Analysis of human fetal tissue showed that dysferlin was expressed at the earliest stages of development examined, at Carnegie stage 15 or 16 (embryonic age 5-6 weeks).
10207080|A cDNA encoding a novel Kruppel-type zinc finger protein, FKLF, was cloned from fetal globin-expressing human fetal erythroid cells.
10207080|FKLF message is detectable by RT-PCR in fetal liver but not in adult bone marrow cells.
10229682|Accumulation of moricin gene transcripts induced by E. coli reached a maximum level 8 h after injection and persisted up to 48 h.
10231580|During Drosophila embryogenesis, DNT was found to be expressed in a highly dynamic pattern, including many invaginating cells.
10329199|Northern analysis indicates wide-spread expression of a single human transcript, and examination of mRNA distribution in 50 human tissues by dot blot analysis indicates ubiquitous expression with relatively high expression in adult and fetal heart.
10330503|"Cloning and expression pattern of a mouse homologue of drosophila sprouty in the mouse embryo."
10330503|At 8.0 dpc (days post coitum) Sprouty4 is strongly expressed in the primitive streak region.
10330503|At 9. 5 and 10.5 dpc, Sprouty4 is expressed in the nasal placode, the maxillary and mandibular processes, the otic vesicule, the second branchial arch, in the progress region of the limb buds and the presomitic mesoderm. Sprouty4 expression is also detected in the lateral region of the somites.
10330503|In the developing lung, Sprouty4 is expressed broadly in the distal mesenchyme.
10341080|The mouse Fringe genes are expressed in the embryo and in adult tissues.
10349621|The Drosophila slit gene (sli) encodes a secreted leucine-rich repeat-containing protein (slit) expressed by the midline glial cells and required for normal neural development.
10349621|In mice, both genes are expressed during CNS development in the floor plate, roof plate and developing motor neurons.
10349633|In contrast to previous mRNA in situ studies, we find that Presenilin is widely expressed throughout oogenesis, embryogenesis, and imaginal development, and generally accumulates at comparable levels in neuronal and nonneuronal tissues.
10349633|Double immunolabeling with Notch antibodies revealed that Presenilin and Notch are coexpressed in many tissues throughout Drosophila development and display partially overlapping subcellular localizations, supporting a possible functional link between Presenilin and Notch.
10350098|"Cloning and characterization of six embryogenesis-associated cDNAs from somatic embryos of Picea glauca and their comparative expression during zygotic embryogenesis."
10350098|Six somatic embryogenesis-associated cDNAs (PgEMB2, 6, 7, 8, 24 and 34) from white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) somatic embryos have been characterized.
10350098|Transcript accumulation during somatic embryo development and subsequent germination related to these genes, indicated that they were developmentally regulated.
10350098|The transcripts related to clones PgEMB2, 6, 24 and 34 were also detected during zygotic embryo development, but transcripts of clones PgEMB7 and 8 were not.
10373309|Spag4, a novel sperm protein, binds outer dense-fiber protein Odf1 and localizes to microtubules of manchette and axoneme."
10381399|Maternal histone deacetylase is accumulated in the nuclei of Xenopus oocytes as protein complexes with potential enzyme activity."
10381399|The Xenopus protein HDACm shows sequence homology to other putative histone deacetylases, but its mRNA is expressed only during early development.
10381399|Both HDACm protein and acetylated non-chromosomal histones are accumulated in developing oocytes, indicating that the key components for histone deposition into new chromatin during blastula formation are in place by the end of oogenesis.
10381568|In contrast to netrin-1 which is widely expressed both in the developing nervous system and in mesodermal tissues, netrin-3 transcripts are largely restricted to dorsal root ganglia and the developing limb buds.
10381573|Similar to so, both D-Six3 and D-Six4 are initially expressed at the blastoderm stage in narrow regions of the prospective head and during later stages in specific groups of head midline neurectodermal cells.
10381575|"Six9 (Optx2), a new member of the six gene family of transcription factors, is expressed at early stages of vertebrate ocular and pituitary development."
10381575|The Drosophila gene sine oculis (so) is a nuclear homeoprotein, which is required for eye development.
10381575|Six9 (Optx2) is first expressed at presomitic stages in the head-fold, both in the neural plate and in the underlying axial mesoderm.
10381575|Thereafter, Six9 (Optx2) is strongly expressed in the presumptive and differentiating neural retina and ventral optic stalk, in the olfactory placodes, in the hypothalamus and in the pituitary gland.
10381575|At presomitic stages, the posterior boundary of Six3 expression is at the same axial level both in the prechordal plate and in the overlying neural plate.
10381575|In contrast, Six9 (Optx2) expression in the prechordal plate extends more caudal to that of the neural plate, occupying a more restricted V-shaped territory.
10381575|Similarly, during the early events of eye patterning, Six3 is first expressed in the entire optic vesicle and lens placode.
10381575|Only later does its expression become confined to the prospective and differentiating neural retina.
10381575|Conversely, Six9 (Optx2) is never observed in the lens placode of either chick and mouse, and from early stages of optic vesicle development, Six9 (Optx2) transcripts are restrained to the prospective ventral neural retina and optic stalks.
10386616|The expression pattern of this cadherin was found to be largely brain-specific, with additional expression in both adult and fetal kidney, and with minor expression in prostate and fetal lung.
10393836|Mlf1 tissue distribution was restricted during both development and postnatal life, with high levels present only in skeletal, cardiac, and selected smooth muscle, gonadal tissues, and rare epithelial tissues including the nasal mucosa and the ependyma/choroid plexus in the brain.
10393836|Mlf1 transcripts were undetectable in the lympho-hematopoietic organs of both the embryonic and adult mouse, suggesting that NPM-MLF1 contributes to the genesis of MDS/AML in part by enforcing the ectopic overexpression of MLF1 within hematopoietic tissues.
10395086|The 2 Kb message is expressed in various human fetal and adult tissues.
10395086|An antibody made to a peptide sequence of the deduced protein showed reactivity in immunoblots of monkey lung and retinal subcellular fractions and immunohistochemically in late fetal mouse tissues and a limited number of adult mouse tissues, including pancreatic islets, Leydig cells of the testis, and the plexiform layers of the retina.
10395899|Both genes are expressed in different nematode developmental stages and in the adults.
10395917|"Cathepsin expression during skeletal development."
10398531|"Expression of a novel type of classic cadherin, PB-cadherin in developing brain and limb buds."
10398531|In Northern blots, PB-cadherin mRNA was detected at 9.5 days postcoitum (dpc) onwards.
10398531|Whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that PB-cadherin signals mainly occurred in developing neural tissues, including brain and spinal cord, and limb buds in the 10.5 dpc embryo.
10398531|In the developing limb, PB-cadherin mRNA was first localized in posterior part of buds at 10.5 dpc, and was thereafter distributed in a domain around the digit rudiments.
10400919|In both neonatal and adult rat ventricle, only HCN2 and HCN4 transcripts are present.
10409670|Although both MafK and MafG are expressed in overlapping but distinct tissue distribution patterns during embryonic development, the physiological consequences of loss-of-function mutations in either gene are modest.
10414979|During early postnatal development, strong immunoreactivity is detectable in neurites and somata, whereas from postnatal day 10 (P10) onward a punctate staining is observed.
10414979|At the ultrastructural level, the immunoreactivity accumulates at developing PSDs starting from P8.
10473124|"Two distinct subgroups of Group B Sox genes for transcriptional activators and repressors: their expression during embryonic organogenesis of the chicken."
10473124|Activating (B1) and repressing (B2) subgroups of Group B Sox genes display interesting overlaps of expression domains in developing tissues (e.g. optic tectum, spinal cord, inner ear, alimentary tract, branchial arches).
10479460|"Embryonic expression and function of the chemokine SDF-1 and its receptor, CXCR4."
10479460|We detected embryonic expression of chemokine receptor messages by RT-PCR with degenerate primers at embryonic day 7.5 (E7.5) or by RNase protection analyses of E8.5 and E12.5 tissues.
10479460|In all samples, the message encoding CXCR4 was the predominate chemokine receptor detected, particularly at earlier times (E7.5 and E8.5).
10479460|Other chemokine receptor messages (CCR1, CCR4, CCR5, CCR2, and CXCR2) were found in E12.5 tissues concordant temporally and spatially with definitive (adult-like) hematopoiesis.
10479460|During organogenesis, these genes have dynamic and complementary expression patterns particularly in the developing neuronal, cardiac, vascular, hematopoietic, and craniofacial systems.
10479460|Earlier in development, expression of these genes correlates with migration during gastrulation.
10479460|Migrating cells (mesoderm and definitive endoderm) contain CXCR4 message while embryonic ectoderm cells express SDF-1.
10486202|Cetn1 expression is first seen in the neonatal testis at 14 days postpartum, reaching adult levels by day 17.
10491647|PAPP-A/proMBP, the complex of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and the proform of eosinophil major basic protein (proMBP), circulates at increasing levels during pregnancy.
10498690|During embryogenesis, TOPGAL activation occurred transiently in a subset of LEF1-positive cells of pluripotent ectoderm and underlying mesenchyme.
10498690|While proliferative matrix cells expressed the highest levels of Lef1 mRNAs, LEF1 concentrated in the precursor cells to the hair shaft, where TOPGAL expression was co-induced with hair-specific keratin genes containing LEF/TCF-binding motifs.
10498690|LEF1 and TOPGAL expression ceased during catagen and telogen, but reappeared at the start of the postnatal hair cycle, concomitant with precortex formation.
10498690|In contrast to hair shaft precursor cells, postnatal outer root sheath expressed TCF3, but not TOPGAL.
10498690|TCF3 was also expressed in the putative follicle stem cells, and while TOPGAL was generally silent in this compartment, it was stimulated at the start of the hair cycle in a fashion that appeared to be dependent upon stabilization of beta -catenin.
10498690|Furthermore, our findings unveil the importance of activated LEF/TCF complexes at distinct times in hair development and cycling when changes in cell fate and differentiation commitments take place.
10500206|The lack of a Pc-tp contribution to biliary lipid secretion is in agreement with our finding that Pc-tp is down-regulated in adult mouse liver: whereas Pc-tp is abundant in the liver of mouse pups, Pc-tp levels decrease > 10-fold around 2 wk after birth, when bile formation starts.
10502288|"Mouse beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase (GA1/GM1/GD1b synthase): protein characterization, tissue expression, and developmental regulation in neural retina."
10502288|In the postnatal neural retina, Gal-T2 mRNA increased after day 3, maintained high levels of expression by days 4-7, and then decreased to initial values by day 10.
10504404|The four genes were also regulated differentially during mouse brain development: ALDP mRNA was most abundant in embryonic brain and gradually decreased during maturation; ALDRP and P70R mRNA accumulated in the early postnatal period; and the amount of PMP70 transcript increased slightly during the second and third postnatal week.
10504562|Comparative analysis by differential RNA display (DDRT-PCR) of the expression patterns of potato plants induced and non-induced to tuberize, led to the isolation of a cDNA clone, C40.4, that is strongly upregulated in the leaves of tuberizing plants.
10506216|In addition, the expression of the splice variants is differentially regulated in different regions of rat brain during development.
10506216|Shank1 immunoreactivity is concentrated at excitatory synaptic sites in adult brain, and the punctate staining of Shank1 is seen in developing rat brains as early as postnatal day 7.
10506216|These results suggest that alternative splicing in the Shank family may be a mechanism that regulates the molecular structure of Shank and the spectrum of Shank-interacting proteins in the PSDs of adult and developing brain.
10512679|However, the transcript was first detectable in rat testis after day 30 of postnatal development and was predominantly expressed in round spermatids.
10523828|While IKK-beta was expressed ubiquitously throughout the mouse embryo at 9.5 days, its expression began to be localized to the brain, neural ganglia, neural tube, and liver in the 12.5-day's embryo.
10523828|At 15.5 days, the expression of IKK-beta was further restricted to specific tissues of the embryo, suggesting that IKK-beta is a developmentally regulated protein kinase.
10525190|The three smad genes are expressed ubiquitously at the onset of gastrulation.
10525190|The pattern of expression becomes progressively restricted during somitogenesis suggesting that at later stages not only the distribution of the TGFbeta signal but also that of the intracellular smad signal transducer determine the regionally restricted effects of TGFbeta signalling.
10534622|"Expression of the Ets transcription factors erm and pea3 in early zebrafish development."
10534622|Maternal mRNAs of both genes are detectable and transcripts are found ubiquitously until the late blastula, in the marginal zone of gastrula stages and in the presumptive fore- and hindbrain and in the trunk region of early somite stages.
10534622|Later, erm expression is observed in distinct regions of the forebrain, the mid-/hindbrain boundary, the differentiating rhombomeres, branchial arches, otic vesicles, the pectoral fins, the somites and the tailbud in a dynamic fashion.
10542327|ZF-12 mRNAs are expressed during embryonic development and in different organs in adult, including rib cartilage.
10542371|Northern analysis of fetal and neonatal gonadal tissues showed that RLF mRNA is highly upregulated in the testes of day 19 embryos, but not in later neonatal stages, nor in any ovarian tissue from this period.
10542371|This would indicate that RLF is a marker for the mature fetal as well as the adult-type Leydig cell, but is not expressed in premature, precursor, or dedifferentiated Leydig cells of either cell type.
10542371|In conclusion, RLF is a very specific marker for the mature Leydig cell phenotype in both the adult-type and fetal Leydig cell populations of the rat testis.
10543731|"SM-20 is a novel growth factor-responsive gene regulated during skeletal muscle development and differentiation."
10543731|During mouse embryogenesis, SM-20 was first observed at 8.5E in the dermomyotomal cells of the rostral somites.
10543731|SM-20 expression progressed in a rostral to caudal pattern, with highest levels seen in the muscle primordia and mature muscles.
10548543|The LACS5 gene encodes a highly expressed 2.9 kb mRNA transcript in human haemopoietic stem cells from cord blood, bone marrow, reticulocytes and fetal blood cells derived from fetal liver.
10548543|An additional 6.3 kb transcript is also found in these erythrocyte precursors; 2.9 and 9.6 kb transcripts of LACS5 are found in human brain, but transcripts are virtually absent from human heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, spleen and skeletal muscle.
10556062|spen transcripts encode extraordinarily large protein isoforms (approx. 5,500 amino acids), which are concentrated in embryonic nuclei.
10556292|"The expression of Jagged1 in the developing mammalian heart correlates with cardiovascular disease in Alagille syndrome."
10556292|Here, we demonstrate that JAG1 is expressed in the developing heart and multiple associated vascular structures in a pattern that correlates with the congenital cardiovascular defects observed in AGS.
10581393|Further, Northern analyses showed that dHIF-1alpha and dHIF-1beta expressed their highest level at an embryonic stage.
10581393|From the pupal stage on, their expression was sharply reduced and maintained at a steady level.
10590480|Although smad1, smad5, bmp2b, and bmp4 are all expressed during gastrulation and although all four proteins have ventralizing activities, they appear to play distinct roles during dorsoventral pattern formation.
10590480|smad1 expression starts shortly before the onset of gastrulation.
10590480|It is expressed on the ventral side of the embryo, whereas smad5 transcripts are both maternally and zygotically provided and ubiquitously distributed.
10590480|During later stages of development, smad1 is expressed in eyes, dorsal cells of rhombomeres 1, 3, and 5, and somites, with highest mRNA levels in the presumptive sclerotome and adaxial regions near the notochord.
10594054|"Xenopus embryonic spinal neurons express potassium channel Kvbeta subunits."
10594054|Both are expressed in developing spinal neurons during the period of impulse maturation but in different neuronal populations.
10610717|Northern blotting experiments revealed a major 2.0-kb ASAHL transcript that was expressed at high levels in the liver and kidney, but at relatively low levels in other tissues such as the lung, heart, and brain.
10610721|The structure of the human gene has been determined, and message was detected in most adult and fetal tissues including the epidermis.
10610721|The mouse gene is developmentally regulated and found expressed in fetal and adult suprabasal epidermis, osteoblasts, small intestine, and salivary gland.
10610724|RNA in situ hybridization analysis shows that Slc25a13 is expressed in the branchial arches, as well as the limb and tail buds, during mouse embryonic development (E10.5).
10610724|At E13.5 expression of Slc25a13 is most predominant in epithelial structures, in addition to the forebrain, kidney, and liver.
10612045|Northern blot analysis identified a single transcript of 1.6 kb in mRNA from whole larvae, isolated central nervous system and gut tissue.
10618159|"The influence of mode of delivery, hormonal status and postnatal O2 environment on epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) expression in perinatal guinea-pig lung."
10618159|Expression of alphaENaC and betaENaC mRNAs was developmentally regulated in the late gestation fetus, reaching peak levels at term (68 days post conception, PC) and postnatally, respectively.
10618159|In animals delivered by CS at 65 days PC and term, alphaENaC mRNA expression was significantly increased by day 1 post partum, reaching levels greater than those normally achieved in vaginally delivered animals at term.
10618159|In contrast, betaENaC mRNA levels remained significantly lower postnatally in animals delivered by CS at 65 days PC compared with those in vaginally and CS-delivered animals at term.
10618159|Concomitant with the increase in alphaENaC mRNA expression after CS delivery at 65 days PC was an increase in the amiloride-blockable component of lung fluid clearance by day 3 postnatally.
10618159|We conclude that in late gestation guinea-pigs delivered by CS there is a significant increase in lung alphaENaC expression postnatally, which is mediated, in part, by the postnatal rise in cortisol at delivery.
10623899|"Central brain postembryonic development in Drosophila: implication of genes expressed at the interhemispheric junction."
10623899|The Lio kinase is expressed in a glial structure at the interhemispheric junction of late larval and young pupal brain.
10633869|"Expression and localization of PG-Lb/epiphycan during mouse development."
10633869|PG-Lb/epiphycan mRNA transcripts were first detected at E12.5 days postcoitus (dpc) at high levels in structures that were developing cartilage elements.
10633869|The gene is expressed in a very specific temporal and spatial fashion in cartilaginous structures.
10633869|The expression of PG-Lb/epiphycan was compared to that of collagen type II and collagen type X, which are early and late markers for cartilage development, respectively.
10633869|The expression of PG-Lb/epiphycan occurs later than collagen type II in cartilage development, but its expression appears in the growth plate before and is excluded from the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytic cells expressing collagen type X.
10633869|An antibody against PG-Lb/epiphycan localized the protein within the entire growth plate of the E17.5 dpc embryonic hindlimb cartilage including the hypertrophic zone where PG-Lb/epiphycan gene expression is turned off.
10639333|We found that (1) penaeidin mRNA levels decrease in circulating haemocytes in the first 3 hours following stimulation and (2) an increase in plasma penaeidin concentration occurs after microbial challenge, together with (3) a penaeidin immunoreactivity in cuticular tissue, which can be related to the chitin-binding activity we demonstrate here for penaeidins.
10644446|ANGPTL3 is expressed early during liver development, and expression is maintained in adult liver.
10652240|Northern blot analysis revealed exclusive expression of this molecule in human adult and fetal kidney tissues.
10675607|In a screen for genes with interesting expression patterns in the developing Drosophila pupal retina, we identified a novel pair of protein tyrosine phosphatases that exhibit an expression pattern suggesting a role in multiple steps of Drosophila neurogenesis.
10681422|Nkx-1.2 mRNA also was found in regions of the adult cerebral cortex, hippocampus, diencephalon, pons/medulla, and cerebellum.
10681422|Nkx-1.2 mRNA was found in embryos in highest abundance in 10-day embryos; the mRNA levels decrease during further development.
10681422|Nkx-1.2 mRNA also was found in discrete zones of the embryonic mesencephalon and myelencephalon.
10683177|A Grauzone-GFP fusion protein is functional and localizes to nuclei of both nurse cells and follicle cells during oogenesis.
10684794|In the testis, immunoperoxidase staining was localized within the elongating spermatids and Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules, varying with the stage of the spermatogenic cycle.
10684794|The highest level of staining occurred during stages III-VII.
10692437|NBP-45, a novel nucleosomal binding protein with a tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression."
10692437|NBP-45 mRNA is expressed at low levels and in variable amounts in all mouse tissues tested but is especially abundant in RNA extracted from 7-day-old mouse embryos, suggesting that it functions in early embryonic development.
10698685|Using degenerate PCR we isolated a cDNA encoding a novel 406- and 410-amino acid protein from human and mouse embryonic cDNAs and have designated it 'hepatic fibrinogen/angiopoietin-related protein' (HFARP).
10704287|Expression of ARFGAP1 in four human fetal tissues and seven cancer cell lines was also detected.
10704386|During the period of commissural axon pathfinding, B-class ephrin protein is expressed at the lateral floor plate boundaries, at the interface between the floor plate and the ventral funiculus.
10708748|"Molecular cloning of MINK, a novel member of mammalian GCK family kinases, which is up-regulated during postnatal mouse cerebral development."
10708748|A new germinal center kinase (GCK) family kinase, Misshapen/NIKs-related kinase (MINK), has been cloned and its expression has been characterized in several tissues and various developmental stages of the mouse brain.
10708748|The expression of MINK is up-regulated during the postnatal development of the mouse brain.
10712642|Spatial, temporal and subcellular localization of islet-brain 1 (IB1), a homologue of JIP-1, in mouse brain."
10712642|After birth, IB1 expression peaks at postnatal day 15.
10712642|Taken together with previous data, the restricted neuronal expression of IB1 in developing and adult brain and its prominent localization in synapses suggest that the protein may be critical for cell signalling in developing and mature nerve terminals.
10718198|As an extension of the preceding reports, we herein present the entire sequences of 150 cDNA clones of unknown human genes, named KIAA1294 to KIAA1443, from two sets of size-fractionated human adult and fetal brain cDNA libraries.
10721722|Neuronal Cdc2-like kinase (Nclk) is involved in the regulation of neuronal differentiation and neuro-cytoskeleton dynamics.
10727870|"Expression of PTTG and prc1 genes during telencephalic neurogenesis."
10727870|We present the first time/space analysis using in situ hybridization for PTTG and prc1 genes during development of the mouse telencephalon.
10727870|During the stages E11.5-E13.5 PTTG and prc1 are expressed in most tissues of the embryo.
10727870|Expression starts to decrease by E18.5, it is still visible at least up to P2 and not detectable in the adult brains.
10737605|We further examined T-cadherin expression in various developing nervous systems, and found that T-cadherin expression was lower in developing brain than in adult brain.
10737605|In situ hybridization revealed that neural cells in medulla oblongata and nucleus olivaris, but not in spinal cord, possessed T-cadherin molecules.
10753311|delta-catenin is a nervous system-specific adherens junction protein which undergoes dynamic relocalization during development."
10753311|It is first expressed within proliferating neuronal progenitor cells of the neuroepithelium, becomes down-regulated during neuronal migration, and is later reexpressed in the dendritic compartment of postmitotic neurons.
10753311|In the mouse, delta-catenin mRNA is expressed by E10, increases and peaks at postnatal day (P)7, with lower levels in adulthood.
10753311|In the developing neocortex, delta-catenin mRNA is strongly expressed in the proliferative ventricular zone and the developing cortical plate, yet is conspicuously less prominent in the intermediate zone, which contains migrating cortical neurons, delta-catenin protein forms a honeycomb pattern in the neuroepithelium by labeling the cell periphery in a typical adherens junction pattern.
10753311|By E18, delta-catenin expression shifts primarily to nascent apical dendrites, a pattern that continues through adulthood.
10753576|ERalpha was found in all other tissues examined from juvenile and mature fish of both sexes.
10760593|Mouse cathepsin M is highly expressed in placenta, whereas no detectable levels were found in lung, spleen, heart, brain, kidney, thymus, testicle, liver, or embryo.
10767528|All three genes show strong and ubiquitous maternal expression.
10767528|Zygotic expression is weak and ubiquitous in the case of smad2, and strong and ubiquitious in the case of smad4, while smad3 shows a spatially restricted zygotic expression pattern.
10769237|dHAND expression was observed in the lateral plate mesoderm prior to emergence of the limb buds.
10769237|Coincident with limb initiation, expression of dHAND became restricted to the posterior half of the limb bud.
10777785|We have isolated a novel retina-specific gene in a screen for genes of which expression is not apparent neonatally in rat retina but is abundant postnatally on day 14 (P14).
10777785|No expression of Pal was found in rat retina at P1, but it was detected at P7 and markedly increased with subsequent development.
10777785|These expression patterns of Pal appeared to be correlated with the development of the photoreceptor outer segments, because in the adult rat retina it was specifically localized in these segments.
10781952|"A novel member of the testis specific serine kinase family, tssk-3, expressed in the Leydig cells of sexually mature mice."
10781952|Expression of tssk-3 was induced at puberty, persisted during adulthood and was restricted to the interstitial Leydig cells of post-pubertal males.
10788480|Northern analyses indicated that the mtSSB transcript is present at variable levels throughout development.
10788480|In situ hybridization analysis shows that maternally deposited mtSSB mRNA is distributed homogeneously in the early embryo, whereas de novo transcript is produced specifically at an elevated level in the developing midgut.
10790337|"Localization of gurken RNA in Drosophila oogenesis requires elements in the 5' and 3' regions of the transcript."
10791828|These results suggest a non-sex-determining function during early embryogenesis; the presence of Megsxl RNA in testes and somatic tissues calls for other (or more) functions.
10798355|Northern blot analysis indicated strong expression in human fetal and adult tissues and in mouse embryonic day-7 and adult tissues, respectively.
10798355|Whole mount in situ hybridization also showed that the Uvrag gene is expressed in the presomite-stage embryo.
10804186|"The bHLH transcription factor dHAND controls Sonic hedgehog expression and establishment of the zone of polarizing activity during limb development."
10804186|The peptide morphogen Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is expressed specifically in the ZPA and, when expressed ectopically, is sufficient to mimic its functions, inducing tissue growth and formation of posterior skeletal elements.
10804186|We show that the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor dHAND is expressed posteriorly in the developing limb prior to Shh and subsequently occupies a broad domain that encompasses the Shh expression domain.
10806362|Four genes [sspI, sspK, sspM, and sspO (originally called cotK)] encoding minor small, acid-soluble proteins (SASP) unique to spores of Bacillus subtilis are expressed only in the forespore compartment of sporulating cells of this organism.
10807793|"The gene for familial Mediterranean fever, MEFV, is expressed in early leukocyte development and is regulated in response to inflammatory mediators."
10807793|CD34 hematopoietic stem-cell cultures induced toward the granulocytic lineage expressed MEFV at the myelocyte stage, concurrently with lineage commitment.
10807793|The prepromyelocytic cell line HL60 expressed MEFV only at granulocytic and monocytic differentiation.
10842086|From stages E7.5 to E13.5 the gene encoding for this enzyme is expressed at high levels in several tissues, including the neural ectoderm, gut endoderm, somites, branchial arches, otic vesicles, limb buds, and tail bud.
10854042|The cDNA for mPIASgamma encodes a protein of 507 amino acids that is highly homologous to the human protein and is expressed in the mouse as early as d 7.5 of gestation.
10867663|"Expression of 'suppressor of cytokine signalling' (SOCS) genes in the developing and adult mouse nervous system."
10867663|All three genes were expressed in the brain, with maximal expression from embryonic day 14 to postnatal day 8 and declining thereafter, with SOCS-2 being the most highly expressed.
10867663|Its expression pattern indicated that SOCS-2 was expressed exclusively in neurons and that it was switched on developmentally at the time of neuronal differentiation.
10880959|The abundance of these components for the stress-activated pathway in the ovary might be related to ectogenetic early development.
10882850|Studies with synchronised cells showed that the expression of hNTH1 is regulated during the cell cycle with increased transcription during early and mid S-phase.
10899120|Here we report the identification of two new meiosis-specific components of the SPB, Mpc54p and Mpc70p, and the first protein specific for the prospore membrane, Don1p.
10906147|Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analyses revealed that it is expressed on B220(+)c-Kit(+) pro-B and pre-B-I cells as well as on B220(+)CD25(-)IgM(+) immature and mature B cells but not on B220(+)CD25(+) pre-B-II cells.
10950922|Phemx (Pan hematopoietic expression) is a novel murine gene expressed in developmentally regulated sites of hematopoiesis from early in embryogenesis through adulthood.
10962025|"Expression and parent-of-origin effects for FIS2, MEA, and FIE in the endosperm and embryo of developing Arabidopsis seeds."
10962025|After pollination, the maternally derived FIS2GUS protein occurs in the nuclei of the cenocytic endosperm.
10962025|The similarity in mutant phenotypes; the activity of FIE, MEA, and FIS2 in the same cells in the embryo sac; and the fact that MEA and FIE proteins interact in a yeast two-hybrid system suggest that these proteins operate in the same system of control of seed development.
10962025|Maternal and not paternal FIS2GUS, MEAGUS, and FIEGUS show activity in early endosperm, so these genes may be imprinted.
10964959|Netrin-G1 transcripts were first detected in midbrain and hindbrain regions by embryonic day 12 and reached highest levels at perinatal stages in various brain regions, including olfactory bulb mitral cells, thalamus, and deep cerebellar nuclei.
10973247|As several of these transcripts were absent from the eye, we propose that USH1C also underlies the DFNB18 form of isolated deafness.
10978356|"JAGGED1 expression in human embryos: correlation with the Alagille syndrome phenotype."
10978356|We report the tissue expression of JAG1 in human embryos.
10984615|We report that B99 accumulates in late S/G2 phase, is phosphorylated in mitosis, and disappears in G1 phase, regardless of the status of p53.
10992165|We show the presence of Gdh mRNA in several tissues of the developing embryo, including the central nervous system, muscles and the alimentary tract.
10995579|"Characterization, chromosomal localization, and expression during hematopoietic differentiation of the gene encoding Arl6ip, ADP-ribosylation-like factor-6 interacting protein (ARL6)."
10998585|"An albumin-like protein in the serum of non-parasitic brook lamprey (Lampetra appendix) is restricted to preadult phases of the life cycle in contrast to the parasitic species Petromyzon marinus."
10998585|One of these, AS, is the predominant protein in the serum of larval and metamorphosing intervals but is absent in the upstream migration phase of the life cycle; the other, SDS-1, is found at its highest level in the upstream migration phase and is the predominant serum protein in this phase.
10998585|This protein (LAS) makes up about 70% of the total serum protein of the Lampetra larva, is present in metamorphic stages 1,2,3,4 and 5 but is virtually absent from the remaining metamorphic stages and the adult.
11014821|The LAMMER protein kinase encoded by the Doa locus of Drosophila is required in both somatic and germline cells and is expressed as both nuclear and cytoplasmic isoforms throughout development."
11014821|Activity of the Darkener of apricot (Doa) locus of Drosophila melanogaster is required for development of the embryonic nervous system, segmentation, photoreceptor maintenance, normal transcription, and sexual differentiation.
11014821|We show here that DOA is expressed as at least two different protein isoforms of 105 and 55 kD throughout development, which are primarily localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively.
11014821|Although it was recently shown that DOA kinase is essential for normal sexual differentiation, levels of both kinase isoforms are equal between the sexes during early pupal development.
11071917|The expression of FKBP65 was investigated during development as tropoelastin is not expressed in adult tissues.
11071917|Tissue-specific expression of FKBP65 was observed in 12-d old mouse tissues; however, the pattern of expression of FKBP65 was not restricted to those tissues expressing tropoelastin.
11071917|Taken together, these results support an ER-localized FKBP65-tropoelastin interaction that occurs specifically during growth and development of tissues.
11086161|Ce-chk-2 gene expression increased in the adult stage, and their expression level decreased in the glp-4 mutant, which is defective in germ line proliferation.
11094092|Immunolocalization of Suv39h2 protein during spermatogenesis indicates enriched distribution at the heterochromatin from the leptotene to the round spermatid stage.
11114524|Expression of FIE mRNA overlaps with that of MEA during embryo sac and seed development and is unaffected in mea mutants.
11124544|RT-PCR analysis on prenatal mouse RNA and embryonic stem cell RNA demonstrated expression of Nif3l1 throughout embryonic development.
11125015|"Expression and localization of prestin and the sugar transporter GLUT-5 during development of electromotility in cochlear outer hair cells."
11133685|"Increased expression of a novel heat shock protein transcript in the mouse uterus during decidualization and in response to progesterone."
11133685|This transcript was expressed in several adult tissues and in the embryo.
11133685|In conclusion, we have identified a novel transcript of a potential heat shock protein whose level is significantly increased in the uterus during decidualization and in response to progesterone.
11150526|The transcription level of Papt in testis of a 2 weeks old mouse was much lower than that of the general poly(A) polymerase gene, Pap.
11150526|However, the transcription ratio of Papt to Pap was reversed in testis of a 4 weeks old mouse.
11152695|During mouse embryonic development, asporin mRNA expression was detected primarily in the skeleton and other specialized connective tissues; very little asporin message was detected in the major parenchymal organs.
11157774|dSLBP function is required both zygotically and maternally.
11159353|"TFIIAalpha/ss-Like Factor Is Encoded by a Germ Cell-Specific Gene Whose Expression Is Up-Regulated with Other General Transcription Factors During Spermatogenesis in the Mouse."
11159353|Northern analysis shows that ALF mRNA first appears in mouse testis at Postnatal Day 14.
11159353|Similarly, expression of the general transcription factors TBP, TRF2, TFIIAalpha/ss, TFIIAgamma, and TFIIIB(90) is also increased beginning at Postnatal Day 14, suggesting that there is a coordinated induction of many general transcription factors during male germ cell differentiation.
11162572|"A novel WD40 repeat protein, WDC146, highly expressed during spermatogenesis in a stage-specific manner."
11231087|In addition, sprint is zygotically expressed in the developing midgut, amnioserosa and in a specific subset of CNS neurons.
11237869|Expression of cDcoHalpha increased in the late G1 and early S phases of the cell cycle, while cDcoH mRNA increased in the late S and G2/M phases.
11252055|Results from a developmental Northern analysis showed that the cortex transcript is expressed at high levels during oogenesis and early embryogenesis.
11267660|In the mouse embryo, the Kremen mRNA level, which was increased during embryonic development, was localized in the apical ectodermal ridge of limb buds, myotome, and sensory organs (e.g. optic vesicle, otic vesicle, nasal pit).
11278945|The mRNA expression of EMILIN-2 is more restricted compared with that of EMILIN-1; highest levels are present in fetal heart and adult lung, whereas, differently from EMILIN-1, adult aorta, small intestine, and appendix show very low expression, and adult uterus and fetal kidney are negative.
11279005|Coordinated expression of VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 in mouse embryos was detected in the developing skin where the VEGF-D gene was expressed in a layer of cells beneath the developing epidermis and VEGFR-3 was localized on a network of vessels immediately beneath the VEGF-D-positive cells.
11279209|The nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of HDAC7 and other class-II HDACs during myogenesis provides an ideal mechanism for the regulation of HDAC targets during mammalian development and differentiation.
11308332|Two genes, designated FA02 and FA18, were found to encode legumin-like proteins and were expressed during seed development.
11311162|Germline and developmental roles of the nuclear transport factor importin alpha3 in C. elegans."
11325926|Forespore-specific transcription of the lonB gene during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis."
11325926|Here we report that transcription of lonB occurs during sporulation under sigma(F) control and thus is restricted to the prespore compartment of sporulating cells.
11325926|We further show that the lonB message accumulated as a single monocistronic transcript during sporulation, synthesis of which required sigma(F) activity.
11329178|Using a combination of RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we have found that neuroligin 3 is expressed during the development of the nervous system in many classes of glia.
11329178|In particular neuroligin 3 is expressed in the olfactory ensheathing glia, retinal astrocytes, Schwann cells, and spinal cord astrocytes in the developing embryo.
11329178|This expression is developmentally controlled such that in postnatal and adult stages, neuroligin 3 continues to be expressed at high levels in the olfactory ensheathing glia, a highly plastic class of glia that retain many of their developmental characteristics throughout life.
11344099|Identification of a specific sperm nuclei selenoenzyme necessary for protamine thiol cross-linking during sperm maturation.
11352569|NDRG4 expression was more abundant in adult than fetal brain and heart and was markedly decreased in the Alzheimer's diseased brain.
11374862|Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrate that EBAG9 is expressed in several tissues including the heart, brain, spleen, liver, kidney, and testis, and also in developing embryo.
11376938|It is highly conserved in different vertebrate species and developmentally regulated in postnatal rat lens, suggesting that LEP503 may be an important lens epithelium gene involved in the processes of lens epithelial cell differentiation.
11407985|Frizzled-3 transcripts are first detected in discrete foci in the developing epidermis of 13 d embryos and later in the hair follicle placodes of 15 d embryos, suggesting a role for this Frizzled isoform in follicle development.
11407985|In 17 d embryos and 1 d old newborn mice Frizzled-3 expression is limited to suprabasal keratinocytes and is not seen in pelage follicles until 3 d postpartum.
11429292|"Expression of Pcdh15 in the inner ear, nervous system and various epithelia of the developing embryo."
11429292|Here we describe where the Pcdh15 gene is expressed at specific times during mouse development using RNA in situ hybridization.
11429292|The expression of Pcdh15 is found in the sensory epithelium in the developing inner ear, in Rathke's pouch, and broadly throughout the brain with the highest level of expression being detected at embryonic day 16 (E16).
11430900|"Differential expression of CPD1 during postnatal development in the mouse cerebellum."
11430900|Several regulated mRNAs were detected by applying differential display to the mouse cerebellum during postnatal development.
11430900|Northern blots showed maximum mRNA expression at postnatal day seven (P7).
11430900|Granule cells undergoing active division (P4) showed very little expression of CPD1 protein, which increases from P7 to P17.
11434463|"The gene for alternative oxidase-2 (AOX2) from Arabidopsis thaliana consists of five exons unlike other AOX genes and is transcribed at an early stage during germination."
11434463|A Northern blot analysis showed that AOX2 mRNA has already accumulated in dry seeds and subsequently decreased, whereas accumulation ofAOX1a mRNA was less abundant from 0 hours to 48 hours after imbibition and then increased.
11434463|On the other hand, steady-state mRNA levels of COX5b and COX6b were gradually increased during germination, and the capacity of the cytochrome pathway was correlated with the increase of expressions of the COX genes.
11435701|Northern expression data in Drosophila indicate that dufd1l is expressed through embryonic, larval and pupal development, as well as in the adult fly.
11438922|Notch2 mRNA is expressed in the external granule cell layer of the developing cerebellum.
11473580|Ypel1 is expressed in the ventral half of early embryos including the branchial arches from which the face derives.
11567033|"Differential expression of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 and caspase-3 genes and susceptibility to apoptosis during brain development and after traumatic brain injury."
11567033|Here we demonstrate that, during brain maturation, the potential of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is progressively reduced and that such repression is associated with downregulation of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and caspase-3 gene expression.
11567635|In this report, we show that the Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) plays an important role in thymocyte development.
11567635|SLAP expression is developmentally regulated; it is low in CD4-CD8- thymocytes, it peaks in the CD4+CD8+ subset, and it decreases to low levels in more mature cells.
11572484|The cDNA clones were isolated from size-fractionated cDNA libraries derived from human fetal brain, adult whole brain and amygdala, and their protein-coding sequences were predicted.
11587848|RNA in situ expression studies on mouse embryo tissue section at different developmental stages show that Il1rapl2 is specifically expressed in the nervous system from embryonic day 12.5.
11641215|The observation that eIF4E levels are elevated during gametogenesis in several organisms suggests that eIF4E might have a specific role in gamete formation as well.
11641215|Consistent with a primary role in spermatogenesis, ife-1 mRNA levels are highest in regions of the gonad undergoing spermatogenesis.
11677042|Functional diversification of the Drosophila peroxiredoxin family members was suggested by two lines of evidence: (i) the patterns of mRNA accumulation varied for the different genes during development and (ii) recombinant proteins fused to an epitope tag and overexpressed in Drosophila cells, differed in subcellular localizations--three proteins occurred in the cytosol, one was localized to the mitochondria, and one was found to be secreted.
11677057|"The flamingo-related mouse Celsr family (Celsr1-3) genes exhibit distinct patterns of expression during embryonic development."
11677057|In this study, we show that each member of the mouse Celsr family exhibit distinct patterns of expression within a range of different tissues within the developing embryo.
11677057|Celsr1 and Celsr2 expression is observed during gastrulation and within the developing nervous system.
11677057|Celsr3 transcripts, however, are found only at sites of active neurogenesis.
11698393|"Cloning expression and characterization of methionine adenosyltransferase in Leishmania infantum promastigotes."
11703071|The steady-state levels of pituitary tVIP-R mRNA changed during the reproductive cycle, whereas mRNA expression in other tissues was not affected.
11703928|"Zebrafish wnt8 encodes two wnt8 proteins on a bicistronic transcript and is required for mesoderm and neurectoderm patterning."
11703928|In vertebrates, wnt8 has been implicated in the early patterning of the mesoderm.
11703928|These data demonstrate that the zebrafish wnt8 locus is required during gastrulation to pattern both the mesoderm and the neural ectoderm properly.
11712081|The 4.3-kb WNT11 mRNA was expressed in fetal lung, kidney, adult heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas.
11729149|In this article we show that MES-3 is localized in the nuclei of embryos and germ cells, consistent with its predicted role in transcriptional regulation.
11729149|Its distribution in the germline and in early embryos does not depend on the wild-type functions of the other MES proteins.
11729149|However, its nuclear localization in midstage embryos and its persistence in the primordial germ cells depend on wild-type MES-2 and MES-6.
11729149|These results are consistent with biochemical data showing that MES-2, MES-3, and MES-6 associate in a complex in embryos.
11729149|Analysis of temperature-shifted mes-3(bn21ts) worms and embryos indicates that MES-3 function is required in the mother's germline and during embryogenesis to ensure subsequent normal germline development.
11729150|Four maternal-effect sterile genes, mes-2, mes-3, mes-4, and mes-6, are essential for germline development in Caenorhabditis elegans.
11729150|SET-2(L) protein is localized in all nuclei of embryos.
11731257|"Expression of Deltex1 during mouse embryogenesis: comparison with Notch1, 2 and 3 expression."
11731257|Here, we report on the expression pattern of the Deltex1 gene during mouse embryonic development and, furthermore, we compare its expression with that of the Notch1, 2 and 3 genes.
11731257|Complementary and combinatorial expression patterns between Deltex1 and the three Notch genes were observed throughout embryogenesis since Deltex1 expression was related either to cytodifferentiation (i.e. neuronal tissues) or to cell proliferation events (i.e. eye, vascular structures, hematopoiesis).
11738826|In addition to their role in AD, presenilins are also known to function during development by interacting with the Notch pathway.
11738826|To determine if presenilins have additional functions during development and AD we have used a yeast two-hybrid approach to search for proteins that can bind to presenilins.
11738826|In Drosophila, the metl gene gives rise to two major isoforms by alternative splicing that are broadly expressed throughout development and found in the central nervous system in an overlapping pattern with Drosophila presenilin.
11738826|Taken together, these results suggest that presenilin and Metl functionally and genetically interact during development.
11751847|"Isolation and properties of Gas8, a growth arrest-specific gene regulated during male gametogenesis to produce a protein associated with the sperm motility apparatus."
11751847|Whereas a low level of Gas8 mRNA was detected by Northern blotting in testes of murine male neonates and young adolescents, Gas8 mRNA increased rapidly postmeiotically.
11751847|However, premeiotic murine gametocytes lacked detectable Gas8 protein, as did seminiferous tubules in biopsy specimens from seven human males having cytological evidence of non-obstructive azoospermia secondary to Sertoli cell-only syndrome.
11751847|Our findings, which associate Gas8 production developmentally with the later stages of spermatogenesis and spatially with the sperm motility apparatus, collectively suggest that this growth arrest-specific gene product may have a role in sperm motility.
11781334|A second is now investigated in detail: a 92-kD protein, ZBP2, that is especially abundant in extracts from embryonic brain.
11786926|SOX proteins are a family of transcription factors with high-mobility-group DNA-binding domain (HMG box) homologous to SRY, which are implicated in embryogenesis.
11786926|SOX17 mRNAs of 2.5- and 2.2-kb in size were detected in adult heart, lung, spleen, testis, ovary, placenta, fetal lung, and kidney.
11803813|Besides, numerous cDNAs, similar to LSLCL (identity of 93-99%), are found in 'expressed sequence tags' databases from various origins, mostly fetal and undifferentiated tumour tissues.
11807087|"Localization of the cortex lytic enzyme CwlJ in spores of Bacillus subtilis."
11807087|The enzyme CwlJ is involved in the depolymerization of cortex peptidoglycan during germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis.
11836627|Mouse Wnt14 mRNA was expressed in adult brain, lung, skeletal muscle, heart, and 17-day embryo.
11847241|"Ethylene-responsive genes are differentially regulated during abscission, organ senescence and wounding in peach (Prunus persica)."
11850187|"Developmental expression profiles of Celsr (Flamingo) genes in the mouse."
11850187|Celsr1 and 2 are expressed during early development, in the brain and epithelia.
11850187|Celsr is expressed prominently in the developing brain following a specific pattern, suggesting that they serve distinct functions.
11867223|The expression patterns in adult and day 15.5 embryos are similar.
11867223|Given its unique expression pattern and potential functions, murine ADAM28 may play a role in organogenesis and organ-specific functions such as thymic T cell development.
11901119|A single SuUR transcript is present at all stages of Drosophila development and is most abundant in adult females and embryos.
11907270|UNC-84 protein is first detected at the 26-cell stage and thereafter is present in most cells during development and in adults.
11920266|In situ hybridization of whole mouse fetuses and their tibias with a stem cell growth factor (SCGF) antisense probe demonstrated specific expression of SCGF mRNA around skeletal tissues, particularly in bone marrow cells, proliferating chondrocytes, the perichondrium and periosteum, but little expression in resting or hypertrophic chondrocytes.
11923873|Using a modified subtractive hybridization method to identify specific genes that influence early cardiac development, we found that Bop is expressed specifically in cardiac and skeletal muscle precursors before differentiation of these lineages.
11923873|Normal expression of Hand2, a transcription factor essential for right ventricular development, in cardiomyocyte precursors is dependent upon m-Bop.
11923873|These results indicate that m-Bop is essential for cardiomyocyte differentiation and cardiac morphogenesis.
11940660|We previously demonstrated that inhibition of maternal and zygotic expression of histone deacetylase 1 (HDA-1) causes embryonic lethality in Caenorhabditis elegans.
11940660|Here, we report the identification of an hda-1 genetic mutant which has also been called a gon-10 mutant (for gonadogenesis defective 10) and show that loss of HDA-1 zygotic expression results in specific postembryonic defects in gonadogenesis and vulval development.
11940660|We provide evidence that the lag-2 gene, which plays a role in gonadogenesis and vulval development and encodes a Notch ligand, is derepressed in gon-10 animals, suggesting that lag-2 may be a target of HDA-1.
11948190|Here we show that the PARP-2 gene, mainly expressed in actively dividing tissues follows, but to a smaller extent, that of PARP-1 during mouse development.
11950974|Increased Chlase activity was detected in developing flowers, which correlated to the constitutive expression of ATHCOR1 in this organ.
11950974|Flowers of the antisense plant showed reduced Chlide to Chl ratio, suggesting a role of CORI1 in Chl breakdown during flower senescence.
11950982|Polycomb group (PcG) proteins play an important role in developmental and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and mammals.
11950982|Zea mays fertilization independent endosperm1 (ZmFie1) expression was limited to developing embryos and endosperms, whereas ZmFie2 expression was found throughout plant development.
11955608|Among the set of genes expressed during the quiescent G0 phase of the cell cycle (gas genes), gas1 encodes for a GPI anchor protein associated to the plasma membrane, which is able to induce growth arrest when overexpressed in proliferating fibroblasts.
11955608|Phas-1 structure is very similar to its mammalian homolog conserving almost all cysteine residues and it is expressed in the pharynx from its early formation, in the two-fold embryo, until the adult stage.
11955608|Surprisingly, while phas-1 is expressed in all developmental stages, with the exception of the dauer larva, the ceramidase-like encoding gene, co-expressed in the same operon together with phas-1, is absent in embryos and is very abundantly expressed in the dauer larva.
11955608|On the other hand, when phas-1 is overexpressed or ablated in C. elegans, no specific phenotype due to its transcription alteration can be observed, despite its localized expression suggesting a role in pharynx function or development.
11960705|"TRIM9 is specifically expressed in the embryonic and adult nervous system."
11960705|The TRIM family members are defined by the presence of the tripartite motif (RING, B-box and coiled-coil domains or RBCC). They have been implicated in a variety of processes, such as regulation of development and oncogenesis.
11960705|The developing neocortex, the dorsal thalamus, the midbrain, the basal area of the hindbrain and spinal cord show high level of expression during embryogenesis.
11960705|In adult brain, TRIM9 is detected in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, in the hippocampus, and in the cortex.
11971879|Notably there is an absence of expression in the cerebellum throughout development and also in adult.
11973274|"The bric a brac locus consists of two paralogous genes encoding BTB/POZ domain proteins and acts as a homeotic and morphogenetic regulator of imaginal development in Drosophila."
11973274|Analysis of a series of mutations indicates that the two bab genes have synergistic, distinct and redundant functions during imaginal development.
12020804|"Pleurotus and Agrocybe hemolysins, new proteins hypothetically involved in fungal fruiting."
12020804|We found that ostreolysin is expressed during formation of primordia and fruiting bodies, which is in accord with previous finding that the Aa-Pri1 gene is specifically expressed during fruiting initiation.
12020804|It is suggestive that the isolated hemolysins play an important role in initial phase of fungal fruiting.
12036294|The data suggest that TRAX may have a function associated with perinuclear organelles during spermatogenesis.
12040005|Immunohistochemistry showed that the novel protein is localized to the cytoplasm in pachytene spermatocytes and early spermatids, oocytes at all stages of oogenesis, and in early preimplantation embryos.
12040005|Because both ANK repeats and the SAM domain function as protein-protein interaction modules that mediate signal transduction cascades in some systems, GASZ may represent an important cytoplasmic signal transducer that mediates protein-protein interactions during germ cell maturation in both males and females and during preimplantation embryogenesis.
12049410|Western blots, using a polyclonal serum generated against purified PWP-1 from P. atlanticus, revealed that this protein is expressed by all walled developmental stages of this protozoon.
12068116|The expression of LOB at the base of lateral organs suggests a potential role for LOB in lateral organ development.
12096056|RT-PCR studies revealed high KCNE4 expression in embryos and adult uterus, where significant expression of KCNQ1 channels has also been demonstrated.
12110169|"Clock regulatory elements control cyclic expression of Lunatic fringe during somitogenesis."
12110169|Lunatic fringe (Lfng) expression in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) cycles in the posterior PSM, is refined in the segmenting somite to the rostral compartment, and is required for segmentation.
12119097|We have analysed the developmental expression pattern of set-1 and show that maximal expression is observed early in development when set-1 is ubiquitously expressed.
12119097|Its expression is more and more restricted as development progress.
12127579|"Amino acid sequence of the major form of toad liver glutathione transferase."
12127579|To investigate structural relationship between amphibian and mammalian GSTs the complete amino acid sequence of the major form of glutathione transferase present in toad liver (Bufo bufo) was determined.
12127579|In comparison with the primary structure of amphibian bbGSTP1-1, toad liver GST showed 54% sequence identity.
12127579|On the other hand, toad liver GST showed about 45-55% sequence identity when compared with other pi class GST and less then 25% identity with GST of other classes.
12127579|On the basis of its structural and immunological properties the toad liver GST, indicated as bbGSTP2-2, could represent the prototype of a subset of the pi family.
12141427|"NK-2 class homeobox genes and pharyngeal/oral patterning: Nkx2-3 is required for salivary gland and tooth morphogenesis."
12141427|Several homeobox genes of the NK-2 class (Nkx2-1, Nkx2-3, Nkx2-5 and Nkx2-6) are expressed regionally in the developing pharynx, and Nkx2-1 mutants and Nkx2-5/Nkx2-6 double mutants show loss of thyroid and distal lung progenitors, and pharyngeal cell viability, respectively.
12141427|Expression persisted in the developing thyroid until birth, in mucous-forming cells of the lingual and sublingual salivary glands, and in odontogenic epithelium of the mandible.
12141427|These data suggest roles for Nkx2-3 during pharyngeal organogenesis, although the considerable potential for genetic redundancy within and outside of this gene family may mask earlier functions in organ specification.
12145293|Northern blot analysis showed that its mRNA is specifically expressed in the testis and ovary in adult tissues and that expression in these tissues is highest in the neonate.
12147252|"A novel human SCAN/(Cys)2(His)2 zinc-finger transcription factor ZNF323 in early human embryonic development."
12147252|Here, we have identified and characterized a novel zinc-finger gene named ZNF323 using degenerate primers from an early human embryo heart cDNA library.
12147252|Taken together, these results indicate that ZNF323 is a member of the zinc-finger transcription factor family and may be involved in the development of multiple embryonic organs.
12149247|We have identified and cloned a fetal liver cDNA encoding a new serine proteinase that has been called matriptase-2.
12149247|Northern blot analysis demonstrated that matriptase-2 transcripts are only detected at significant levels in both fetal and adult liver, suggesting that this novel serine proteinase may play a specialized role in matrix remodeling processes taking place in this tissue during development or in adult tissues.
12154130|The EMS1 gene encodes a putative leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase (LRR-RPK), and its expression is associated with the differentiation of the microsporocytes and tapetal cells, suggesting that EMS1 mediates signals that control the fate of reproductive cells and their contiguous somatic cells.
12162805|"Characterization of mouse tGolgin-1 (golgin-245/trans-golgi p230/256 kD golgin) and its upregulation during oligodendrocyte development."
12177332|The SleB and CwlJ proteins are cortex-lytic enzymes, partially redundant in function, that are required together for effective cortex hydrolysis during B. subtilis spore germination.
12177332|The ykvT gene, which encodes a protein of the SleB/CwlJ family, has no apparent association with germination: the gene is expressed in vegetative cells, and mutants lacking YkvT have no detectable phenotype.
12215411|The temporal expression pattern of cyp-5 was further determined and revealed a constitutive expression pattern, with highest abundance levels being found in the embryo.
12221002|"Developmental expression and biochemical characterization of Emu family members."
12221002|In a screen for genes differentially expressed during kidney development, we have identified a novel gene that is dynamically expressed in the branching ureter and the developing nephrons.
12221002|The widespread, but individually distinct expression patterns of all Emu gene family members suggest multiple functions during mouse embryogenesis.
12221007|The expression domain of sim, however, is also found anterior and posterior to the developing ventral cord throughout the germ band.
12234095|The rat orthologue of EGLN3 (SM-20) exhibits tissue-restricted expression, is induced by growth factors in cultured vascular smooth muscle, and is up-regulated during myogenesis.
12359145|Arx is expressed in the forebrain and floor plate of the developing central nervous systems of these vertebrates and in the presumptive cortex of fetal mice.
12359145|Northern blot analysis showed that a 3.3kb human ARX transcript was expressed at high levels in fetal brain.
12359145|A 5.9kb transcript was expressed in adult heart, skeletal muscle, and liver with very faint expression in other adult tissues, including brain.
12359145|In situ hybridization of ARX in human fetal brain sections at various developmental stages showed the highest expression in neuronal precursors in the germinal matrix of the ganglionic eminence and in the ventricular zone of the telencephalon.
12370286|We have identified the novel zinc finger protein APA-1, whose expression increased in senescent human fibroblasts independent of telomere shortening.
12376646|"SHORT INTEGUMENTS1/SUSPENSOR1/CARPEL FACTORY, a Dicer homolog, is a maternal effect gene required for embryo development in Arabidopsis."
12376646|We demonstrated previously that maternal activity of the SIN1 (SHORT INTEGUMENTS1) gene of Arabidopsis is essential for embryo pattern formation and viability, and that its postembryonic activity is required for several processes in reproductive development, including flowering time control and ovule morphogenesis.
12376646|Here, we report the cloning of SIN1, and demonstrate its identity to the CAF (CARPEL FACTORY) gene important for normal flower morphogenesis and to the SUS1 (SUSPENSOR1) gene essential for embryogenesis.
12376646|The mRNA was detected in floral meristems, ovules, and early embryos, consistent with the mutant phenotypes.
12376646|A 3.3-kb region 5' of the SIN1/SUS1/CAF gene shows asymmetric parent-of-origin activity in the embryo: It confers transcriptional activation of a reporter gene in early embryos only when transmitted through the maternal gamete.
12376646|These results suggest that maternal SIN1/SUS1/CAF functions early in Arabidopsis development, presumably through posttranscriptional regulation of specific mRNA molecules.
12378525|The BCAS4-BCAS3 fusion transcript was detected only in MCF7 cells, but the BCAS4 gene was also overexpressed in nine of 13 breast cancer cell lines.
12378525|In conclusion, our results indicate that these novel genes, BCAS3 at 17q23 and BCAS4 at 20q13.2, undergo amplification, overexpression, and fusion in breast cancer and therefore may have a role in the frequent chromosomal alterations affecting these two loci.
12397177|Whereas myocardin is expressed specifically in cardiac and smooth muscle cells, MRTF-A and -B are expressed in numerous embryonic and adult tissues.
12421421|"Expression of proteasome subunit isoforms during spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster."
12421421|More detailed analyses of two of these male-specific subunits (Prosalpha3T and Prosalpha6T), using GFP-tagged reporter transgenes, revealed that they are predominantly localized to the nucleus at later stages of spermatogenesis and are present there in mature, motile sperm.
12424519|Zebrafish pre2 is maternally and ubiquitously expressed during early embryo development, whereas Pre2 protein expression is initiated between 6 and 12 hours post fertilisation (hpf), suggesting strict regulation of pre2 translation.
12426103|All three genes were also detected in fetal tissues, and in a number of cell lines RHOBTB3 predominates.
12446744|These results indicate that p35 (uroplakin IIIb) is a urothelial differentiation product structurally and functionally related to uroplakin III, and that p35-UPIb interaction in the ER is an important early step in urothelial plaque assembly.
12458833|The gene is expressed constitutively in all E. granulosus life-cycle stages examined.
12464178|"Reptin and pontin antagonistically regulate heart growth in zebrafish embryos."
12464178|Thus, the Reptin/Pontin ratio serves to regulate heart growth during development, at least in part via the beta-catenin pathway.
12475644|"Expression of the EMILIN-1 gene during mouse development."
12475644|EMILIN-1 mRNA is detectable in morula and blastocyst by RT-PCR.
12475644|First expression of the gene is found by in situ hybridization in ectoplacental cone in embryos of 6.5 days and in extraembryonic visceral endoderm at 7.5 days.
12475644|Staining of ectoplacental cone-derived secondary trophoblast giant cells and spongiotrophoblast is strong up to 11.5 days and then declines.
12475644|In the embryo, high levels of mRNA are initially expressed in blood vessels, perineural mesenchyme and somites at 8.5 days.
12475644|Later on, intense labeling is identified in the mesenchymal component of organs anlage (i.e. lung and liver) and different mesenchymal condensations (i.e. limb bud and branchial arches).
12475644|At late gestation staining is widely distributed in interstitial connective tissue and smooth muscle cell-rich tissues.
12475644|The data suggest that EMILIN-1 may have a function in placenta formation and initial organogenesis and a later role in interstitial connective tissue.
12482861|Northern blot and in situ hybridizations show that MIM is strongly expressed in the developing neurons and skeletal and cardiac muscles in mouse embryos.
12482861|In adult mice, the strongest expression of MIM mRNA is in liver, outer layers of the kidney, and in the Purkinje cells of the brain.
12492428|Small GTPases of the Rho-family, like Rho, Rac and Cdc42, are involved in neuronal morphogenesis by regulating growth cone morphology or dendritic spine formation.
12493710|Prostaglandin D2 synthase secreted in the caput epididymidis displays spatial and temporal delay between messenger RNA and protein expression during postnatal development."
12493710|PGDS mRNA was present in the testis and epididymis in the 50-day-old sheep fetus and persisted until 4 mo of age (2 mo before puberty) without mRNA translation in the epididymis.
12493710|At 4.5 mo, mRNA was present in all of the epididymis, but translation occurred in only the proximal caput.
12493710|At 5.5 mo, both mRNA and protein expression were restricted to the proximal caput.
12493710|The protein secreted accumulated in the cauda but was not processed after secretion as it is in the adult animal; no changes in molecular mass or pI were observed.
12535682|Peritrophin-55 mRNA was only detected in the larval cardia and midgut and to a minor extent in the hindgut.
12566582|The fie1 gene is expressed exclusively in the endosperm of developing kernels starting at approximately 6 days after pollination.
12566582|fie1 is an imprinted gene showing no detectable expression of the paternally derived fie1 allele during kernel development.
12566582|Conversely, fie2 is expressed in the embryo sac before pollination.
12566582|After pollination, its expression persists, predominantly in the embryo and at lower levels in the endosperm.
12566582|The paternal fie2 allele is not expressed early in kernel development, but its transcription is activated at 5 days after pollination.
12571352|By in situ hybridization, expression appeared in late-stage embryos after tracheal tube formation, with individual PPK genes showing distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns as development progressed.
12571352|Promoters for several PPK genes drove reporter gene expression in the larval and adult tracheal systems.
12574403|We show that RIN1 is preferentially expressed in postnatal forebrain neurons in which it is localized in dendrites and physically associated with RAS, suggesting a role in RAS-mediated postsynaptic neuronal plasticity.
12595504|"OFD1, the Gene Mutated in Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type 1, Is Expressed in the Metanephros and in Human Embryonic Renal Mesenchymal Cells."
12595504|Using RT-PCR of RNA from first-trimester normal human embryos, both alternative splice forms of mRNA (OFD1a and OFD1b) were found to be widely expressed in organogenesis.
12595504|In normal human embryos, OFD1a immunolocalized to the metanephric mesenchyme, oral mucosa, nasal and cranial cartilage, and brain.
12595504|Second, OFD1 is expressed in human organogenesis; on the basis of the metanephric expression pattern, the results suggest that OFD1 plays a role in differentiation of metanephric precursor cells.
12606285|"Cyclin E expression during development in Caenorhabditis elegans."
12606285|We show that a ubiquitous embryonic pattern of expression becomes restricted and dynamic during postembryonic development.
12607115|During early embryogenesis of Xenopus, the orthologue of PA26, XPA26 is exclusively expressed in the notochord, a midline structure.
12617815|Starting from tailbud stage, Xdtx1 transcripts are detected in the olfactory bulbs, pineal complex and along the neural tube according to an antero-posterior gradient showing a gap at the midbrain-hindbrain boundary.
12617815|At tadpole stage, Xdtx1 expression is activated in the differentiating retina, where it is also found in the neuronal fibres of the outer and inner plexiform layers, while its expression in the pineal complex becomes restricted to the photosensitive frontal organ.
12640126|The SAP family transcription factor myocardin functionally synergizes with serum response factor (SRF) and plays an important role in cardiac development.
12640126|During embryonic development, the myocardin gene was expressed abundantly in a precise, developmentally regulated pattern in SMCs.
12670712|Furthermore, the amounts of calmin mRNA and protein increase during the period of maturation of the mouse brain after birth, in a manner similar to that of PSD95 and synaptophysin.
12714669|Nyx expression was found during all stages of postnatal retinal development and was confined to cells of the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer in adult mouse and rat retinas.
12714744|"Roles of NPM2 in chromatin and nucleolar organization in oocytes and embryos."
12714744|Mouse NPM2 accumulates in oocyte nuclei and persists in preimplantation embryos.
12714744|Thus, Npm2 is a maternal effect gene critical for nuclear and nucleolar organization and embryonic development.
12734186|In this study, immunocytochemical and Western analyses identified GRTH as a developmentally regulated protein in Leydig cells and in germ cells (pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids) of the rat testis.
12736779|The initial expression of the RSD-3 gene was detected in the testis on the 30th postnatal day and attained adult level on the 60th postnatal day.
12744720|"Mouse matriptase-2: identification, characterization and comparative mRNA expression analysis with mouse hepsin in adult and embryonic tissues."
12744720|Reverse-transcription PCR and in-situ -hybridization analysis indicated that m-matriptase-2 expression overlaps with the distribution of mouse hepsin (m-hepsin, a cell-surface serine protease identified in hepatoma cells) in adult tissues and during embryonic development.
12744720|In adult tissues both are expressed at highest levels in liver, kidney and uterus.
12744720|During embryogenesis m-matriptase-2 expression peaked between days 12.5 and 15.5.
12744720|m-hepsin expression was biphasic, with peaks at day 7.5 to 8.5 and again between days 12.5 and 15.5.
12744720|In situ hybridization of embryonic tissues indicated abundant expression of both m-matriptase-2 and m-hepsin in the developing liver and at lower levels in developing pharyngo-tympanic tubes.
12782311|"Expression of the VRK (vaccinia-related kinase) gene family of p53 regulators in murine hematopoietic development."
12782311|The three genes are expressed in fetal liver and peripheral blood, with higher levels between days 11.5 and 13.5, a time when there is a massive expansion of liver cells, and thereafter their expression falls significantly.
12782311|VRK2 is expressed at lower levels than VRK1 and VRK3 in the mouse embryo.
12782311|VRK genes play a role during embryonic development of hematopoiesis.
12788088|"Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the murine nm23-M5 gene during mouse spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis."
12788088|Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that nm23-M5 transcripts first appear in pachytene spermatocytes and increase in abundance in subsequent stages.
12788088|In situ hybridization studies showed that testicular nm23-M5 transcripts are localized in stage 12 to stage 16 spermatids in the neighboring lumen of seminiferous tubules.
12788088|This distribution contrasts with that of Nm23-H5 transcripts, which are specifically found in spermatogonia and early spermatocytes.
12788088|Thus, we believe that the murine nm23-M5 gene plays an important role in late spermiogenesis by elevating the ability of late-stage spermatids to eliminate reactive oxygen species.
12796288|Ady4p and Spo74p interact with known proteins of the MOP and are localized to the outer plaque of the SPB during meiosis II.