1280560|Sequence analysis of the hedgehog locus suggests the protein product is a transmembrane protein, which may, therefore, be directly involved in cell-cell communication.
1280560|This RNA is localized predominantly within nuclei until stage 10, when the localization becomes primarily cytoplasmic.
1310191|HP was further shown to become associated with microsomal membranes during synthesis in vitro and was found to be closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and cell surface membranes in infected cells.
1312604|This receptor is thought to retrieve escaped ER proteins from the Golgi, where a human homologue of this protein has been located.
1317856|We confirmed the localization of these enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using highly purified mouse liver ER and Golgi preparations.
1340474|Sequence analysis reveals a motif characteristic of a transmembrane domain, suggesting that the hh protein is membrane-associated.
1372277|The CsgA gene product is an extracellular protein, referred to as the C signal, which is essential for developmental cell-cell interactions.
1374333|We designed an original method to extract both polypeptides directly from thylakoid membranes and to purify them: a stepwise extraction with NaSCN followed by size fractionation and reverse-phase HPLC.
1376924|The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a 78-kDa protein with a single transmembrane domain, a structure not typical of the known membrane transport proteins, which generally have multiple membrane-spanning regions.
1376924|The transport of amino acids across cell membranes is believed to be mediated by integral membrane proteins with distinct substrate specificities.
1378448|Antibodies against the MDM1 protein recognized a 51-kD polypeptide that was localized by indirect immunofluorescence to a novel pattern of spots and punctate arrays distributed throughout the yeast cell cytoplasm.
1396601|Sec12p is an ER type II membrane protein that mediates the membrane attachment of the GTP-binding Sar1 protein.
1425352|The Notch gene of Drosophila encodes a large transmembrane protein involved in cell-cell interactions and cell fate decisions in the Drosophila embryo.
1527387|Immunocytochemical staining localized MMCP-5 to the cytoplasmic granules of serosal mast cells and Kirsten sarcoma virus-immortalized mouse mast cells.
1530944|These results indicate that s-cyclophilin is a retained component of an intracellular organelle and that it may accumulate in specialized portions of the ER, and possibly in calciosomes.
1569061|The mature forms of carboxypeptidase yscS appeared soluble in the vacuolar lumen, while the precursor proteins accumulated tightly associated with the vacuolar membrane.
1569061|The precursor forms of the soluble hydrolase carboxypeptidase yscS are associated with the vacuolar membrane."
1569061|We have studied the structure, biosynthesis, intracellular routing, and vacuolar localization of carboxypeptidase ysCS in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
1601876|"A soybean vacuolar protein (P34) related to thiol proteases is synthesized as a glycoprotein precursor during seed maturation."
1601876|Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry with a monoclonal antibody demonstrated that P34 is localized in the protein storage vacuoles but not in the oil bodies.
1615325|Indeed, VirE2 fused to a reporter protein localizes to plant cell nuclei, a process mediated by two amino acid sequences with homology to the bipartite NLS of Xenopus nucleoplasmin.
1615325|"Nuclear localization of Agrobacterium VirE2 protein in plant cells."
1630492|We report here that, in the native state, murine and human TCP1 is distributed throughout the cytosol as an 800K-950K hetero-oligomeric particle in association with four to six unidentified proteins and two Hsp70 heat-shock proteins.
1630492|We suggest that TCP1 may represent one of a family of molecules in the eukaryotic cytosol involved in protein folding and regulated in part by their heteromeric associations.
1631122|"Localization of the Salmonella typhimurium flagellar switch protein FliG to the cytoplasmic M-ring face of the basal body."
1631122|We conclude that the natural location for FliG is at the cytoplasmic face of the M ring and that the stoichiometric ratio between FliF and FliG in wild-type cells is probably 1:1.
1631122|We have localized FliG, one of the switch proteins of Salmonella typhimurium, to the cytoplasmic face of the M ring of the flagellar basal body.
1639055|The pufX polypeptide was localized to the intracytoplasmic membrane fraction and appeared to co-purify with the RC-LHI complex.
1651337|Transfected 3T3-L1 fibroblasts over-expressing human GLUT1 exhibited increased glucose transport, and laser confocal immunofluorescent imaging of GLUT1 in these cells indicated that the protein was concentrated in the plasma membrane.
1651337|In contrast, 3T3-L1 fibroblasts expressing GLUT4 exhibited no increase in transport activity, and confocal imaging demonstrated that this protein was targeted almost exclusively to cytoplasmic compartments.
1651337|Sucrose density gradient analysis of homogenates of HepG2 cells expressing rat GLUT4 suggested that GLUT4 is targeted to an intracellular location in these cells.
1651337|Immunogold labeling of frozen thin sections of HepG2 cells indicated that endogenous GLUT1 was heavily concentrated in the plasma membrane.
1651337|Immunogold labeling of frozen ultrathin sections revealed that GLUT4 was concentrated in tubulo-vesicular elements of the trans-Golgi reticulum in these cells.
1653648|MLE, while present in the nuclei of both male and female cells, differs in its association with polytene X chromosomes in the two sexes.
1655735|Finally, indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated that the hMR is expressed primarily as a cytoplasmic protein that can be induced to translocate to the nucleus upon treatment with hormone.
1694472|Therefore these genes presumably encode the cytoplasmic actins used for functions common to all cells.
1707759|We find that ninaA is unique among this family of proteins in that it is an integral membrane protein, and it is expressed in a cell type-specific manner.
1707759|"The cyclophilin homolog ninaA is a tissue-specific integral membrane protein required for the proper synthesis of a subset of Drosophila rhodopsins."
1714903|We present evidence here suggesting that the longer GalTase protein, containing this unique 13-amino acid peptide, is preferentially targeted to the plasma membrane, and the shorter GalTase protein resides primarily within the Golgi compartment.
1714903|beta 1,4-Galactosyltransferase (GalTase) is present on the plasma membrane of many cell types in addition to its traditional location within the Golgi compartment.
1714903|These results propose a molecular distinction between the Golgi and cell surface forms of GalTase as well as a novel mechanism for targeting glycoproteins to the cell surface.
1714903|Furthermore, transfection of cDNAs encoding either the long or short GalTase protein into F9 embryonal carcinoma cells suggests that the long GalTase protein is preferentially expressed on the cell surface.
1714903|"Evidence for a molecular distinction between Golgi and cell surface forms of beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase."
1729674|The transporter has four putative membrane-spanning domains and bears no sequence or structural homology to any known animal or bacterial transporter.
1737618|Immunostaining of otu proteins is restricted to the cytoplasm of germ cells, and a rapid loss of oocyte immunostaining during stage 11 suggests that there is a rapid and selective degradation of otu proteins within the oocyte but not within its 15 interconnected nurse cells.
1739967|Surprisingly, indirect immunofluorescence experiments indicate that PTP-1B is localized predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
1739967|Subcellular fractionation is consistent with this localization and establishes that PTP-1B is tightly associated with microsomal membranes, with its phosphatase domain oriented towards the cytoplasm.
1739967|"The nontransmembrane tyrosine phosphatase PTP-1B localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum via its 35 amino acid C-terminal sequence."
1739967|The finding of a tyrosine phosphatase on the ER suggests new possibilities for cellular events controlled by tyrosine phosphorylation.
1762287|Within the kidney cortex proximal tubular basement membrane (TBM) showed the strongest staining.
1762287|These studies suggest the following: 1) TIN antigen may be synthesized as a high molecular weight glycoprotein that is processed to smaller forms; 2) it may be covalently associated with other basement membrane components; 3) the antibody reactive epitope may be present on multiple TBM components; and 4) high molecular weight forms may represent aggregates of TIN antigen.
1762287|TIN antigen was also detected in Bowman's capsule, distal TBM, peritubular capillaries, and focally in the interstitium, but not in glomerular basement membrane or mesangial matrix.
1762287|TIN antigen was found in basement membranes of kidney cortex, small intestines, skin, and cornea, but was not detected in the renal medulla.
1762287|A monoclonal antibody (A8) to a basement membrane component (TIN antigen), which is associated with autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis, was developed and utilized to characterize tissue distribution and properties of TIN antigen by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting.
1780036|A related cDNA, encoding a transmembrane protein of 533 amino acids with a domain homologous to DBI, has also been cloned from bovine brain.
1834634|Studies of the Gene X-PhoA fusion proteins showed that gene X encodes a secretory protein, since the fusion proteins possessed normal alkaline phosphatase activity and a substantial portion of this activity was found in the periplasm.
1834664|The doublet is associated with Golgi (and to a minor extent with plasma) membranes and occurs also in the soluble fraction.
1850093|Both the first and second ATGs are used to produce MOD5 protein in vivo, but only the long form of the protein is imported into mitochondria.
1850093|Surprisingly, this extension does not promote complete import of the long form of the protein, but rather a functional pool of the extended protein remains in the cytoplasm.
1850093|Thus, the first 11 amino acids present on the amino-terminal extended protein are necessary for mitochondrial import.
1893998|In the spermatozoa, the 105-kDa protein was much abundant but not in the LC-540 cells (a cell line from Leydig cell tumor in rat testis) cytosol.
1896773|"Trypanosoma cruzi: localization of neuraminidase on the surface of trypomastigotes."
1896773|NA was localized on the surface of tissue culture trypomastigotes and in the Golgi apparatus suggesting that the enzyme is modified post-translationally.
1901263|Antibody staining shows that the protein is found in the cell nucleus.
1902570|Dmyd is a nuclear protein in Drosophila, consistent with its role as a nuclear-gene regulatory factor, and is proposed to be a transiently expressed marker for muscle founder cells.
1902570|"The Drosophila homologue of vertebrate myogenic-determination genes encodes a transiently expressed nuclear protein marking primary myogenic cells."
1944230|Based on the results obtained by isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation and by digitonin treatment of mitochondria, SCO1 is a component of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
1944230|The SCO1 protein is an integral membrane protein as shown by its resistance to alkaline extraction and by its solubilization properties upon treatment with detergents.
1944230|"Immunological identification of yeast SCO1 protein as a component of the inner mitochondrial membrane."
1946403|Protein translated from the second AUG functions in the cytoplasm.
1946403|Two inframe ATGs of the MOD5 gene are used for initiation of translation, and the form of the protein translated from the first AUG is imported into mitochondria.
1946457|In plants expressing cucumber chitinase with the C-terminal extension from tobacco chitinase A, activity was low in intercellular wash fluids but high in protoplasts and vacuoles.
1946457|These results demonstrate that the C-terminal extension of tobacco chitinase A is necessary and sufficient for the vacuolar localization of chitinases and, therefore, that it comprises a targeting signal for plant vacuoles.
1961752|Immunofluorescence studies and biochemical properties indicate that this polypeptide, in contrast to most members of the Ras family, is present in the nucleoplasm as a soluble monomer, in 25-fold excess over the complexed form.
1990274|FER was found in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, where it was associated with the chromatin fraction.
1990274|"Nuclear and cytoplasmic location of the FER tyrosine kinase."
2022190|Like RCC1 proteins of vertebrates, the protein products of the Drosophila and yeast RCC1 homologues were located in the nuclei of the mammalian cells.
2026137|The synthesis and accumulation within crystal idioblasts of PR-1 proteins, which are secreted by other cell types, indicates that idioblasts sort these proteins in a unique manner.
2026137|"Differential targeting of the tobacco PR-1 pathogenesis-related proteins to the extracellular space and vacuoles of crystal idioblasts.
2026137|Several biochemical and localization studies have shown that the acidic isoforms of the tobacco pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, PR-1a, -1b and -1c are secreted to the extracellular spaces of leaves in response to pathogen infection or chemical treatment.
2026137|Here we report the differential accumulation of these proteins within the vacuoles of specialized cells known as crystal idioblasts.
2041470|This 51K protein appears to be peripherally associated with the inner, and possibly outer, membranes of Hib.
2105298|The RegA protein and the two fusion proteins were localized to the inner membrane of E. coli.
2118510|Between 1,100 and 2,200 extracellular molecules of CsgA per developing M. xanthus cell were detected, most of which were associated with the extracellular matrix.
2118510|"CsgA, an extracellular protein essential for Myxococcus xanthus development."
2161150|EBNA-LP, -2, -3A, and -3C were associated with the nuclear matrix, although they were also found in the nucleoplasm and to a lesser extent in the chromatin fractions.
2161150|"Subnuclear localization and phosphorylation of Epstein-Barr virus latent infection nuclear proteins."
2161150|Concordantly, in biochemical nuclear fractionation studies, EBNA-1 was the major chromatin-associated EBNA.
2161150|Only EBNA-1 associated with metaphase chromosomes.
2161150|EBNA-LP localized to a small number of discrete subnuclear particles, also excluding nucleoli.
2161150|Using antibodies specific for each EBNA in immunofluorescence microscopy, EBNA-2, -3A, and -3C localized to subnuclear granules which fill much of the nucleus, excluding nucleoli.
2161150|EBNA-1 also differed from the other EBNAs in the extent of its association with the nucleoplasm and in its lack of nuclear matrix association.
2162042|The predicted protein structure can be divided into the following structural features: a short 19-amino acid leader sequence, an exterior domain of 123 amino acids that is predicted to be highly glycosylated, a 24-amino acid membrane-spanning region, and a 627-amino acid cytoplasmic region.
2170332|Immunogold electron microscopy of everted membrane vesicles and thin sections by using antibodies to the DmsABC, DmsA, DmsB subunits resulted in specific labeling of the cytoplasmic surface of the inner membrane.
2170332|These results show that the DmsA (catalytic subunit) and DmsB (electron transfer subunit) are membrane-extrinsic subunits facing the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane.
2170332|"Organization of dimethyl sulfoxide reductase in the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli."
2187152|The results suggest that PhoR protein is anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane by the amino-terminal region.
2187152|Western blot analysis of the subcellular fractions obtained by differential centrifugation indicated that the intact PhoR and PhoR1084 proteins are located in the inner membrane and cytoplasmic fractions, respectively.
2211721|However, immunoenzymatic staining analysis of interferon-treated cells indicated that a proportion of p69 is concentrated around the nuclei and the rest is distributed in a specific pattern in the cytoplasm whereas p100 is found in a diffuse state in the cytoplasm.
2211721|Both proteins are localized mainly in the cytoplasm.
2226463|HSP100 was present in the microsomal fraction as well as in the cytosol.
2226463|The similarity was higher than 60% on peptide mapping with trypsin digestion, the 105-kDa protein cross-reacted with anti-HSP90 antibody, both were bound similarly to heparin-Sepharose gel and both are located in the cytosol fraction.
2250705|By using immunolocalization studies we now demonstrate that Bcl-2 is an integral inner mitochondrial membrane protein of relative molecular mass 25,000 (25k).
2250705|"Bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death."
2270079|Intramitochondrial localization of CBS2 was verified by in vitro import of CBS2 protein that had been synthesized in a reticulocyte lysate programmed with CBS2 mRNA transcribed in vitro.
2303162|This antigen is found on the surfaces of neurons in cultures of cerebellar cells.
2303162|Using this method, we have identified a unique cell surface antigen, designated P84, as a new neural cell adhesion molecule.
2303168|"Sequence and developmental expression of the mRNA encoding the seleno-protein of the sperm mitochondrial capsule in the mouse."
2303168|The reading frame encoding the mitochondrial capsule seleno-protein ends with an amber stop codon suggesting that selenium is not incorporated cotranslationally into the protein by an opal suppressor selenocysteyl-tRNA as has been found for several eukaryotic and bacterial proteins.
2303168|We have characterized cDNA clones encoding the selenium-containing polypeptide of the keratinous mitochondrial capsule in mouse sperm.
2334719|The results indicate that the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger is localized in the rod photoreceptor plasma membrane and is absent or present in extremely low concentrations in disk membranes, as we have previously shown to be the case for the cGMP-gated cation channel.
2355176|Immunoelectron microscopy with rat and human brain and with rat myocardium and pituitary showed prominent and exclusive staining of cis, medial, and occasionally trans cisternae of the Golgi apparatus.
2378870|The human protein recognized by the EC1 antibody is a 56-kDa protein (p56) of moderate abundance located predominantly in the cytoplasm by indirect immunofluorescence.
2394826|Pancreatic thread protein (PTP) is a major exocrine secretory protein that in vitro forms filamentous bundles reminiscent of the paired helical filaments of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
2407617|Microtubule-depolymerizing agents dispersed the concentrated spot of apical staining, suggesting a localization of Spec3 antigen to the Golgi complex.
2407617|Spec3 antigen showed a diffuse punctate staining pattern in the ectodermal cytoplasm of hatching blastula when Spec3 transcripts are most prevalent, suggesting that after synthesis, Spec3 is sequestered in the Golgi complex before appearing on cilia.
2407617|Immunogold electron microscopy confirmed the localization of Spec3 antigen on cilia and in the Golgi complex.
2407617|Cilia and an apical structure at the base of the stained cilium of each ectodermal cell stained intensely in gastrula and later stage embryos.
2520825|Therefore, the iceC gene product is located at and is maximally active in or on the outer membrane of cells of the source strain and heterologous strains.
2520825|Nearly all of the iceC gene product, which occurred in low abundance, was associated with the outer membrane of both P. syringae and E. coli.
2541912|These observations demonstrate that cdc2 is a nuclear and centrosomal protein that is required for mitosis in mammalian cells.
2541912|p34 localized in the nucleus during interphase.
2541912|During mitosis, a fraction tightly associated with centrosomes.
2541912|p13 was more evenly distributed between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
2598266|After the nuclei migrate to the periphery of the embryo, a ventral-to-dorsal gradient of nuclear dorsal protein is established.
2598266|In wild-type embryos, the dorsal protein is found in the cytoplasm during cleavage.
2642896|These results, together with the immunocytochemical localization of this enzyme to rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and other nuclear membrane of oligodendrocytes (Urade, Y., Fujimoto, N., Kaneko, T., Konishi, A., Mizuno, N., and Hayaishi, O. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 15132-15136) suggest that this enzyme is a membrane-associated protein.
2674131|The TrkA protein, which is essential for the activity of the constitutive Trk K+-uptake system of Escherichia coli, is a peripheral membrane protein.
2676517|The Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHO8 gene product, repressible alkaline phosphatase (ALP), is a glycoprotein enzyme that is localized to the yeast vacuole (lysosome).
2879624|The present study reports the identification and partial characterization of a novel Mr 40,000 nucleolar antigen (P40) by monoclonal antibodies.
2909545|A monoclonal antibody (mAb 10A8), derived from mice immunized with fractions of the Golgi apparatus from rat brain neurons, was exploited to isolate and partially characterize a novel glycoprotein of 160 kDa apparent molecular mass which was localized by immunoelectron microscopy in medial cisternae of the Golgi apparatus of neurons, glia, pituitary cells, and rat pheochromocytoma (PC 12).
2909545|The findings indicate that the 160-kDa glycoprotein is a specific constituent of medial Golgi cisternae.
3032971|In this report, we have studied regulation of PtdIns synthase (CDP-diglyceride-inositol phosphatidyltransferase, EC 2.7.8.11) activities associated with plasma membranes and endoplasmic reticulum isolated from GH3 cells.
3112773|Characterization of the Kruppel protein extracted from infected cells showed that it is tightly bound to the nucleus, it binds to calf thymus DNA-cellulose, and it is phosphorylated.
3112773|These results support the hypothesis that Kruppel is a regulatory protein that acts by binding DNA.
3346226|The enzyme in eukaryotes is associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane.
3373572|These studies indicate that HDAg is encoded by the antigenomic-sense RNA of HDV and is a nuclear phosphoprotein associated with an RNA-binding activity.
3554235|Luciferase is derived from the firefly (Photinus pyralis) and is synthesized and stored in the cells of the firefly's lantern organ, where it is also found in peroxisomes.
3554235|"Firefly luciferase is targeted to peroxisomes in mammalian cells."
3606562|The enzyme consists of three identical subunits of 36 kd and is present in mitochondria of the kidney.
3606562|The results of this study suggest that, unlike mammals, chickens are more organ specific with regard to the ability to incorporate precursor OTC into mitochondria.
3935318|The protein accumulates in the nucleus, supporting the notion that engrailed is a regulatory factor.
6271231|These two approaches indicate that each of these enzymes has important domains located on the cytoplasmic surface of microsomal vesicles.
6439207|Nonetheless, significant albeit low levels of a protein with the same molecular weight and immunochemical properties as the rat liver enzyme could be detected in microsomes from several extrahepatic tissues, notably the intestine, the adrenal, and the testis.
6439207|This enzyme was found to constitute 3% and 5%, respectively, of the total protein recovered in the microsomal and outer mitochondrial membrane fractions from rat liver.
7494461|In contrast, APP was predominantly expressed in the synaptic membrane fraction, but was barely detectable in the PSD, including different subcellular distributions of APP and APLP1.
7498790|Abrupt is expressed in muscle nuclei but not motoneurons, suggesting that abrupt controls the muscle expression of molecules required for correct motoneuron targeting, as well as molecules required for correct muscle attachments.
7507030|swallow protein enters each nucleus at the beginning of mitosis, occupies a position complementary to that of condensed chromatin, and leaves each nucleus at the end of mitosis.
7507030|During oogenesis, high levels of swallow protein are present in basal nurse cell cytoplasm, although small amounts are also present at the anterior oocyte margin, the site of bicoid RNA localization.
7507030|swallow protein is uniformly distributed in eggs, but becomes localized to nuclei during early mitotic divisions in early embryogenesis.
7508125|Subcellular localization of immunophilins in mesophyll cells showed that chloroplasts contained FKBP13 and cyclophilin B/C but not other members, which explains the preferential expression of these two proteins in leaves over roots.
7508125|The abundance of chloroplast-localized immunophilins, FKBP13 and cyclophilin B/C, was regulated by light.
7508125|Our findings suggest that FKBP13 and cyclophilin B/C may play a specific role in chloroplasts.
7510285|This protein contains short NH2- and COOH-terminal hydrophilic domains and four hydrophobic regions, each long enough to span the plasma membrane.
7510285|The murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) L6 recognizes an integral membrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed on lung, breast, colon, and ovarian carcinomas and is referred to as the L6 antigen.
7510321|Binding sites for RAP were found on the surface of those cells with surface gp330 or LRP, and also throughout the cytoplasm in cells with diffuse cellular LRP/alpha 2MR or gp330.
7510321|RAP was found in intracellular vesicles in all cells that expressed gp330 or LRP/alpha 2MR.
7510321|In certain cells, notably hepatocytes and adrenal cortical cells, LRP/alpha 2MR was detected mainly on the surface, but in others, including macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells of the choroid plexus and ciliary body, staining throughout the cell was seen.
7510321|In these cells gp330 was detected mainly at the cell surface, except for parathyroid and retinal epithelial cells, where diffuse cell staining was found.
7514426|By preparing antibodies which distinguish between the two KHCs, we demonstrate that nKHC is a nucleotide-dependent microtubule-binding protein which partially cofractionates with membrane organelles.
7517562|Unexpectedly, cell fractionation and immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that the FACC polypeptide localizes to the cytoplasm.
7536752|The nuclear localization of IFI 16 antigen was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of HL-60 cells treated with IFN-gamma, dimethylsulfoxide, and retinoic acid.
7536752|"IFI 16 gene encodes a nuclear protein whose expression is induced by interferons in human myeloid leukaemia cell lines."
7536752|IFI 16 was also detected in the nuclei of monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in normal peripheral blood.
7536752|Nuclear IFI 16 was able to bind double-stranded DNA in vitro and exhibited a similar elution profile from DNA-cellulose as previously observed for MNDA and 204.
7539795|The voltage-dependent anion channel of the outer mitochondrial membrane, VDAC (also known as mitochondrial porin), is a small abundant protein which forms a voltage-gated pore when incorporated into planar lipid bilayers.
7539795|Consistent with this hypothesis, recent reports suggest that HIV-DAC1 is found in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells.
7539795|Our results demonstrate that each HVDAC protein is exclusively located in fractions or subcellular regions containing mitochondrial marker proteins.
7540914|Primary sequence analysis predicts that the mouse surf-4 protein contains seven transmembrane domains and a double lysine endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrieval motif on the carboxyl terminus.
7540914|Salt and detergent extraction procedures showed that the surf-4 protein associated tightly with the microsomal membranes.
7543047|ASF/SF2 and SC35 belong to a highly conserved family of nuclear proteins that are both essential for splicing of pre-mRNA in vitro and are able to influence selection of alternative splice sites.
7553896|The antigen detected by the NLDC-145 mAb is an integral membrane glycoprotein, with an apparent molecular mass of 205 kDa by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting.
7555710|shortsighted encodes a cytoplasmic leucine zipper protein with homology to a mouse gene, TSC-22, which is transcriptionally induced in response to TGF-beta.
7556071|It encodes a protein of the WD-40 repeat family, which localizes predominantly to the nucleus.
7565713|Surprisingly, when localized either by cell fractionation procedures or by immunocytochemistry, these proteins were found not in mitochondria but in the cytosol.
7565718|Previous work has shown that the FKS1 gene encodes a 215-kDa integral membrane protein (Fks1p) which mediates sensitivity to the echinocandin class of antifungal glucan synthase inhibitors and is a subunit of this enzyme.
7566974|Tbc1 is a nuclear protein and is expressed in highest levels in hematopoietic cells, testis and kidney.
7584146|HLA-DM and its murine equivalent H2-M are located intracellularly and are absent from the cell surface.
7584146|A tyrosine-based targeting motif in the cytoplasmic tail of H2-M beta was responsible for the endosomal location and, if this tyrosine was mutated, H2-M accumulated at the cell surface.
7588066|"DPY-30, a nuclear protein essential early in embryogenesis for Caenorhabditis elegans dosage compensation."
7589814|MIB is also found in egg chambers at both the basolateral and apical surfaces of the somatic follicle cells during oogenesis.
7589814|MIA and MIB, both found predominantly at the basolateral domain of immature enterocytes, exhibit increased expression at the apical domain of differentiated enterocytes co-incident with microvillus assembly.
7589814|In the larval brush border, MIA is enriched in the subapical terminal web domain whereas MIB is found predominantly in the apical microvillar domain.
7590964|The cDNA contains three long open reading frames (ORF) with the most likely ORF encoding a transmembrane protein.
7592751|Moreover, in these malignant cells, the CART1 protein is localized in the nucleus.
7601355|The dachsous gene has been cloned and shown to encode a huge transmembrane protein that is a member of the cadherin superfamily, similar to the fat gene reported previously.
7604027|By immunofluorescence microscopy of methanol-fixed cells, karyopherin beta was localized to the cytoplasm and the nuclear envelope and was absent from the nuclear interior.
7609612|Dsynt1 contains 291 amino acid residues and like other members of the syntaxin family is an integral membrane protein, with a transmembrane region at its carboxy-terminus and several regions of the molecule predicted to be in a coiled-coil conformation.
7628693|The tagged p93dis1 in living cells localizes along cytoplasmic microtubule arrays in interphase and the elongating anaphase spindle in mitosis, but association with the short metaphase spindle microtubules is strikingly reduced.
7628693|Time-lapse video images of single cells support the localization shift of p93dis1 to the SPBs in metaphase and spindle microtubules in anaphase.
7630374|The molecule was present in procyclic trypanosome membranes at approximately 2 x 10(5)-1 x 10(6) molecules per cell, suggesting it may have an important role in parasite membrane organization and function.
7641805|As a first step toward a functional characterization we show that the Mig-6 polypeptide is located in the cytoplasm.
7647777|Immunohistochemical studies in the human brain using two of these antibodies detects the huntingtin in perikarya of some neurons, neuropiles, varicosities and as punctate staining likely to be nerve endings.
7648490|Immunohistochemistry with decalcified shell indicated that OC-17 is uniformly distributed throughout the shell matrix, but concentrated in the mammillary bodies.
7648490|Our results indicate that this protein is secreted during shell formation and becomes incorporated into this structure.
7670502|Glutathione reductase (GR) from peas is encoded by a single nuclear gene and yet GR is distributed between chloroplasts, mitochondria and the cytosol.
7673145|Its identity is demonstrated by amino-terminal sequencing of the homogeneous protein and by its localization to a mitochondrial protein fraction.
7681434|Two cytoplasmic variants of the alpha 6 integrin, alpha 6A and alpha 6B, have been identified previously (Hogervorst, F., I. Kuikman, A. G. van Kessel, and A. Sonnenberg. 1991. Eur. J. Biochem. 199:425-433; Cooper, H. M., R. N. Tamura, and V. Quaranta. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 115:843-850).
7681434|In contrast, the alpha 6A subunit, associated with beta 4 in cultures of a squamous cell carcinoma cell line, was found to codistribute with bullous pemphigoid antigen 230 in hemidesmosomal-like structures.
7681434|Also, the distribution of alpha 6A and alpha 6B subunits associated with beta 1 on cells attached to laminin was similar: both were found in focal contacts colocalizing with vinculin.
7682704|In all adenomas (9/9) and carcinomas (13/13) examined, Mac-2 was not present in the nucleus but was localized in the cytoplasm.
7682704|Mac-2 expression is concentrated in the nuclei of these differentiated epithelial cells.
7711745|The predicted sequences of the small proteins of 55, 40 and 42 amino acids suggest that two of them (MST57Da and MST57Db) are secretory proteins and therefore components of the paragonial secretions.
7720067|During late anaphase, a fraction of the protein relocalizes to the spindle interzone and accumulates in the midbody during telophase.
7720067|It is nuclear during interphase and chromosomal during mitosis.
7739553|Cell fractionation and indirect immunofluorescence studies indicated that > 90% of Sep1 was cytoplasmic in vegetative cells, and indirect immunofluorescence indicated a cytoplasmic localization in meiotic cells as well.
7744833|Soluble secreted and cell-associated appican was produced by mixed glial cultures but not by primary neuronal cultures.
7753172|We show here that their antigen-presentation function is associated with the high-level expression of DEC-205, an integral membrane protein homologous to the macrophage mannose receptor and related receptors which are able to bind carbohydrates and mediate endocytosis.
7768953|EEA1 is associated with early endosomes since it co-localizes by immunofluorescence with the transferrin receptor and with Rab5 but not with Rab7.
7768953|"EEA1, an early endosome-associated protein.
7768953|EEA1 is a hydrophilic peripheral membrane protein present in cytosol and membrane fractions.
7784073|Here, we show by subcellular fractionation and by confocal microscopy that this protein is located in the mitochondria.
7790375|Morphological and biochemical analyses showed all proteins were targeted to, and oriented correctly in the ER membrane.
7798202|Protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the molecular target of diphenylether-type herbicides, was purified to homogeneity from yeast mitochondrial membranes and found to be a 55-kDa polypeptide with a pI of 8.5 and a specific activity of 40,000 nmol of protoporphyrin/h/mg of protein at 30 degrees C.
7798202|Mitochondrial location and evidence for a precursor form of the protein."
7799953|"Structurally related but functionally distinct yeast Sm D core small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle proteins."
7799953|A pool of Smd3 exists in the yeast cytoplasm.
7826346|KMP-11 was expressed at a copy number similar to that of lipophosphoglycan (1 x 10(6)-2 x 10(6) molecules per cell), making this glycoprotein one of the major features on the parasite cell surface.
7826346|Immunoblot analysis of subcellular fractions, together with 125I-labelling experiments, showed this molecule to be associated with the promastigote cell surface membrane.
7826346|This kinetoplastid membrane protein (KMP-11) has been purified by preparative SDS/PAGE after organic solvent extraction of promastigote membranes.
7826346|"Isolation and structural characterization of the Leishmania donovani kinetoplastid membrane protein-11, a major immunoreactive membrane glycoprotein."
7826346|A novel membrane molecule, previously observed to be co-isolated with lipophosphoglycan and called lipophosphoglycan-associated protein, has been detected in Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes.
7832766|Sequence analysis revealed a transmembrane PTPase containing a single catalytic phosphatase domain that has 45% homology to a rat cytoplasmic brain-specific PTPase named STEP.
7844564|As shown by immunofluorescence with a monospecific antiserum, the ns2 protein was expressed in the cytoplasm of HCV-OC43-infected HRT-18 cells.
7846153|Antibodies directed at the C terminus of RD28 were used in combination with a two-phase partitioning method to demonstrate that RD28 is located in the plasma membrane.
7846153|We recently demonstrated that gamma-TIP, one of the MIP homologs found in the vacuolar membrane of plant cells, is an aquaporin or water channel protein (C. Maurel, J. Reizer, J.I. Schroeder, M.J. Chrispeels [1993] EMBO J 12: 2241-2247).
7846153|We recently demonstrated that gamma-TIP, one of the MIP homologs found in the vacuolar membrane of plant cells, is an aquaporin or water channel protein.
7846153|"The plasma membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana contains a mercury-insensitive aquaporin that is a homolog of the tonoplast water channel protein TIP."
7849398|Ran genes encode a family of well-conserve small nuclear GTPases (Ras-related nuclear proteins), whose function is implicated in both normal cell cycle progression and the transport of RNA and proteins between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
7865888|According to a subfractionation of the mitochondria, the imported protein was found to be localized in the matrix space.
7865888|"PBP74, a new member of the mammalian 70-kDa heat shock protein family, is a mitochondrial protein."
7865888|The epitope-tagged PBP74 protein transiently expressed in L cells localized to mitochondria.
7876303|Immunocytochemical analysis with antibodies directed against the nonconserved COOH-terminal region of Chromokinesin indicates that the protein is localized in the nucleus, and primarily associated with chromosome arms in mitotic cells.
7876303|"Chromokinesin: a DNA-binding, kinesin-like nuclear protein."
7892198|During Drosophila embryogenesis, Shark is expressed exclusively by ectodermally derived epithelia and is localized preferentially to the apical surface of these cells.
7892198|"Shark, a Src homology 2, ankyrin repeat, tyrosine kinase, is expressed on the apical surfaces of ectodermal epithelia."
7908267|We raised monoclonal antibodies against the 70-kDa hPABP and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy with these antibodies reveals that it is localized exclusively to the cytoplasm.
7920711|They comprised two subfamilies related to the major intrinsic protein (MIP) superfamily and were named plasma membrane intrinsic proteins, PIP1 and PIP2, since the cellular localization of PIP1 and most probably PIP2 proteins in the plasma membrane was independently confirmed by their cosegregation with marker enzymes during aqueous two-phase partitioning.
7920711|"Water channels in the plant plasma membrane cloned by immunoselection from a mammalian expression system."
7926789|Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of 2373 strains carrying fusion genes expressed in vegetative cells has identified 245 fusion proteins that localize to discrete locations in the cell, including the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic dots, spindle pole body, and microtubules.
7927770|"The kinetoplastid membrane protein 11 of Leishmania donovani and African trypanosomes is a potent stimulator of T-lymphocyte proliferation."
7927770|Kinetoplastid membrane protein 11 (KMP-11) from Leishmania donovani is an abundant 11-kDa surface membrane glycoprotein.
7927954|Fluorescence microscopy shows that MAGE-1 gene product is a cytoplasmic protein clustered in paranuclear organelle-like structures.
7927954|"MAGE-1 gene product is a cytoplasmic protein."
7929011|It was then demonstrated that the functional protein corresponded to TolB*, the mature periplasmic protein, and that TolB was its precursor form, which was observed only when the protein was overexpressed.
7929562|Immunocytochemical studies revealed that KIF4 colocalized with membranous organelles both in growth cones of differentiated neurons and in the cytoplasm of cultured fibroblasts.
7929562|During mitotic phase of cell cycle, KIF4 appears to colocalize with membranous organelles in the mitotic spindle.
7932752|The FliL protein was found to be associated with the inner membrane and to be present in all cell types.
7932752|"Caulobacter flagellar function, but not assembly, requires FliL, a non-polarly localized membrane protein present in all cell types."
7937909|"Iron acquisition from heme and hemoglobin by a Serratia marcescens extracellular protein."
7937909|Here we show that Serratia marcescens has such a property and we identify an extracellular heme-binding protein, HasA (for heme acquisition system), allowing the release of heme from hemoglobin.
7954812|The DPY-27 protein becomes specifically localized to the X chromosomes of wild-type XX embryos, but remains diffusely distributed throughout the nuclei of male (XO) embryos.
7957077|We show here that the Mpv17 gene product is highly conserved and encodes a peroxisomal protein.
7957077|"The glomerulosclerosis gene Mpv17 encodes a peroxisomal protein producing reactive oxygen species."
7958432|DE-cadherin is concentrated at the apical poles of epithelial cell-cell junctions.
7958432|Predicted sequences of the encoded product revealed that it is a transmembrane protein with similarity to vertebrate classic cadherins, and so we designated this molecule DE-cadherin.
7961977|These antibodies demonstrated that RECQL is located predominantly in the nucleus of human fibroblasts.
8012609|Cell fractionation studies have shown that the distribution of endopeptidase activity between the different cell fractions is the same as that of the intracellular marker enzyme fructose bisphosphate aldolase, and thus indicate a cytoplasmic location for the enzyme.
8028043|Immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and subfractionation studies indicate that the PC4 immunoreactivity is localized in the cytoplasm of PC12 cells, where it is increased transiently by NGF within 3 hr of treatment.
8028043|After longer NGF treatment, PC4 disappears from the plasma membrane and appears in the nucleus, with reduced cytoplasmic expression.
8028043|In fact, within 3 hr after addition of NGF, PC4 is also significantly expressed on the inner face of the plasma membrane, to which it is physically associated.
8040004|The labelling of carbonyl reductase was observed within the mitochondria of the ciliated and non-ciliated cells of the bronchioles and the type II alveolar pneumocytes, and the density of labelling in the non-ciliated cells was higher than those in the other cells.
8040004|These results clearly indicate the localization of carbonyl reductase to the mitochondrial matrix of these epithelial cells, of which the non-ciliated bronchiolar cells contained particularly high amounts of the enzyme.
8058745|"Localization of Fanconi anemia C protein to the cytoplasm of mammalian cells."
8058745|Immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation studies of human cell lines as well as COS-7 cells transiently expressing human FACC showed that the protein was localized primarily to the cytoplasm under steady-state conditions, transit through the cell cycle, and exposure to crosslinking or cytotoxic agents.
8071310|"Functional identification of a vesicular acetylcholine transporter and its expression from a 'cholinergic' gene locus."
8120096|PDGF and PMA induce Gas2 hyperphosphorylation that is temporally coupled with the appearance of membrane ruffling where Gas2 localizes.
8131748|Differential regulation of two distinct promoters is thus used to determine the ratio between secreted and membrane-bound forms of Fit-1 (T1/ST2) which may modulate signaling in response to IL-1.
8131748|The mRNA coding for the membrane-bound protein is more abundantly expressed in all of these tissues, while the transcript for the secreted form predominates in fibroblasts and mammary epithelial cells.
8131748|The Fit-1M mRNA isolated from spleen codes for a membrane-bound protein which is most closely related in its extracellular, transmembrane and intracellular domains to the type I interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor.
8131748|The Fit-1S mRNA of fibroblasts directs, instead, the synthesis of a secreted protein consisting of only the extracellular domain.
8131748|"Alternative promoter usage of the Fos-responsive gene Fit-1 generates mRNA isoforms coding for either secreted or membrane-bound proteins related to the IL-1 receptor."
8139535|"Subcellular locations of MOD5 proteins: mapping of sequences sufficient for targeting to mitochondria and demonstration that mitochondrial and nuclear isoforms commingle in the cytosol."
8139535|Initiation of translation at the first AUG of the MOD5 open reading frame generates delta 2-isopentenyl pyrophosphate:tRNA isopentanyl transferase I (IPPT-I), which is located predominantly, but not exclusively, in the mitochondria.
8139535|IPPT-I was found in two subcellular compartments: mitochondria and the cytosol.
8139535|We also found that IPPT-II had two subcellular locations: nuclei and the cytosol.
8143858|This family of proteins is highly conserved within 12 domains which potentially span the vesicle membrane, with little similarity within the putative intraluminal glycosylated loop and at the N- and C-termini.
8150285|Because our detection methods also reveal a very low level of protein accumulation within the cytoplasm of cells, we have used transgenic flies to confirm this observation by ectopically expressing deltex under the control of a heat shock gene promoter.
8150285|"A member of the Notch group of interacting loci, deltex encodes a cytoplasmic basic protein."
8150545|MAb KI recognizes a cell-surface glycoprotein (MW approximately 40 kDa) present in ovarian carcinomas, malignant mesotheliomas, squamous-cell carcinomas and normal mesothelial cells.
8153632|A monoclonal antibody that blocked uptake of cephalexin was used to identify and clone a gene that encodes an approximately 92-kilodalton membrane protein that was associated with the acquisition of peptide transport activity by transport-deficient cells.
8175883|Later, the cytoplasmic form is expressed in parts of the gut.
8175883|The cytoplasmic form of gelsolin co-localizes with F-actin in the cortex of the cells in the embryo and in larval epithelia.
8175883|This indicates that Drosophila like vertebrates has two forms of gelsolin, one secreted, the other cytoplasmic.
8175883|The RNA for the secreted form is expressed in the fat body, and the secreted protein is abundant in extracellular fluid (hemolymph).
8175883|"Identification of secreted and cytosolic gelsolin in Drosophila."
8175894|"Interferon alpha selectively affects expression of the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen in late stage cells in the monocytic but not the granulocytic lineage."
8183929|Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies are caused by defects of dystrophin, which forms a part of the membrane cytoskeleton of specialized cells such as muscle.
8195233|The predicted sequences of the larger isoforms encode bipartite nuclear localization signal sequences and extensive polyglutamic acid domains.
8195233|Cellular fractionation studies indicate that one of the isoforms is found only in the nucleus, and the remainder are found in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
8219362|"The Etl-1 gene encodes a nuclear protein differentially expressed during early mouse development."
8219362|Moderate levels of ETL-1 were detected in unfertilized and fertilized eggs but in the latter the protein was not concentrated in the pronuclei and seemed evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm.
8219362|ETL-1 is a nuclear protein and is expressed in a biphasic manner during early embryogenesis.
8219362|In two-cell embryos nuclear ETL-1 protein accumulated transiently and levels decreased during subsequent cleavage development.
8219362|Our results imply that nuclear ETL-1 is dispensable for the progression to the two cell stage, and suggest that during cleavage ETL-1 might be needed at the onset of embryonic transcription.
8242747|Dif is normally localized in the cytoplasm of the larval fat body, but quickly accumulates in the nucleus upon bacterial infection or injury.
8275102|"The carrot secreted glycoprotein gene EP1 is expressed in the epidermis and has sequence homology to Brassica S-locus glycoproteins."
8293478|The two proteins are colocalized in the cytoplasm, but gCap39 is also found in the nucleus while gelsolin is not.
8293478|"gCap39 is a nuclear and cytoplasmic protein."
8293478|Nuclear gCap39 redistributes throughout the cytoplasm during mitosis and is excluded from regions containing chromosomes.
8293478|Our results demonstrate that gCap39 is a nuclear and cytoplasmic protein which has unique as well as common functions compared with gelsolin.
8293478|gCap39 is a newly identified member of the Ca(2+)- and polyphosphoinositide-modulated gelsolin family of actin binding proteins which is different from gelsolin in several important respects: it caps filament ends, it does not sever filaments, it binds reversibly to actin, it is phosphorylated in vivo, and it is also present in the nucleus.
8300557|In the latter, GLUT1 is found primarily at the cell surface whereas GLUT4 localizes to the interior of the cell in a perinuclear distribution.
8332455|We conclude that the same gene encodes nuclear and mitochondrial uracil-DNA glycosylase and that the signals for mitochondrial translocation resides in the presequence, whereas signals for nuclear import are within the mature protein.
8332455|Immunofluorescence studies of HeLa cells clearly demonstrated that the major part of the UDG activity was localised in the nuclei.
8332455|"Nuclear and mitochondrial forms of human uracil-DNA glycosylase are encoded by the same gene."
8339932|HSF2, one of the heat shock transcription factors in mammalian cells, is localized to the cytoplasm during normal growth and moves to the nucleus upon activation.
8341706|Subcellular fractionation revealed that the rFKBP-52 is expressed predominantly in the nuclei of infected Sf9 cells maximally at 48 hr after infection, consistent with the nuclear localization of FKBP-52 in mammalian cells.
8385608|Unexpectedly, it was also very abundant in the non-clathrin-coated plasma membrane invaginations called caveolae.
8385608|VIP21 is a 21 kDa membrane protein present in TGN-derived transport vesicles isolated from the epithelial MDCK cell line.
8385608|VIP21 was localized to the TGN, consistent with its presence in TGN-derived transport vesicles.
8388540|Additionally, we show that EWG is localized specifically to the nuclei of virtually all embryonic neurons.
8389363|Most of the PET494 protein pelleted with membranes and very little could be solubilized by alkaline carbonate.
8389363|PET122 was completely membrane-bound and could not be extracted with alkaline carbonate.
8389363|Amino-terminal sequencing of proteins isolated from mitochondria revealed that PET54 is not processed during import to mitochondria while the PET122 precursor is cleaved between the 8th and 9th residues.
8389363|Approximately half of the PET54 protein present in mitochondria from wild-type cells pelleted with membranes, while half was released from disrupted mitochondria in soluble form.
8389363|"COX3 mRNA-specific translational activator proteins are associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane in Saccharomyces cerevisiae."
8389363|These data suggest the possibility that synthesis of the highly hydrophobic subunit III of cytochrome c oxidase is activated by PET54, PET122, and PET494 at the inner mitochondrial membrane.
8389363|The membrane-bound PET54 floated with the inner membrane during buoyant density gradient centrifugation, but was efficiently solubilized by extraction with alkaline carbonate.
8417329|Along with the HSP90 and HSP70 classes of HSPs, this is the third category of HSPs localized to the ER.
8417329|The results reported here indicate that members of this new class of LMW HSPs are most likely resident ER proteins and may be similar in function to related LMW HSPs in the cytoplasm.
8417329|The endomembrane localization of these proteins was confirmed by cell fractionation.
8417329|We describe a fourth LMW HSP family, represented by PsHSP22.7 from Pisum sativum and GmHSP22.0 from Glycine max, and demonstrate that this family of proteins is endomembrane localized.
8449890|Using trypsin to probe maxicell spheroplasts, we show that this enzyme is peripherally associated with the inner face of the cytoplasmic membrane.
8455946|Immunohistochemical analysis using the alpha-RBP1 antiserum demonstrated a distinct nuclear staining pattern that was eliminated when the antiserum was preabsorbed with RBP1 peptide.
8486430|Using immunogold-staining, we visualized the p54/58N on the surface microvilli and in the nucleus, particularly in nucleoli.
8509416|The data clearly illustrate that squalene synthase enzymatic activity and squalene synthase are exclusively localized in the endoplasmic reticulum.
8515238|Electron microscopy using immunogold labelling showed an apparent localization of cyclohexadienyl dehydratase at the polar regions of the periplasmic space in E. coli.
8515238|The location of the enzyme in the periplasm of both E. coli and P. aeruginosa was confirmed by Western blotting analysis using antibody prepared against PheC.
8515238|"Cyclohexadienyl dehydratase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a periplasmic protein."
8515814|Localization was also predominantly cytoplasmic in the epithelium of the oesophagus, but in some cells was obviously nuclear.
8515814|The intracellular localization of the FMR-1 gene products was investigated by transient expression in COS-1 cells and found to be cytoplasmic.
8567719|Our results suggest that Bed1 is a type II membrane protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum.
8570175|B-ATF is a 125 amino acid nuclear protein possessing a basic leucine zipper domain that is most similar to the basic leucine zipper of ATF-3.
8574969|Immunochemical analyses indicate that PS1 and PS2 are similar in size and localized to similar intracellular compartments (endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex).
8574969|"Alzheimer-associated presenilins 1 and 2: neuronal expression in brain and localization to intracellular membranes in mammalian cells."
8576240|Neuroligin 1 is a neuronal cell surface protein that binds to a subset of neurexins, polymorphic cell surface proteins that are also localized on neurons (Ichtchenko, K., Hata, Y., Nguyen, T., Ullrich, B., Missler, M., Moomaw, C., and Sudhof, T. C. (1995) Cell 81, 435-443).
8576240|All neuroligins contain an N-terminal hydrophobic sequence with the characteristics of a cleaved signal peptide followed by a large esterase homology domain, a highly conserved single transmembrane region, and a short cytoplasmic domain.
8599604|Prostaglandin D synthetase [PGD-S, prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase, (5Z, 13E)-(15S)-9alpha, 11 alpha-epidioxy-15-hyrdroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate D-isomerase, EC 5,3,99,2], an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of prostaglandin D2, was originally isolated from homogenates of rat brain and spleen and is known to be a membrane-bound enzyme.
8605996|Furthermore we provide experimental evidence that Vigilin is present both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm in similar concentrations.
8605996|"Vigilin contains a functional nuclear localisation sequence and is present in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus."
8610176|In addition to the RING-finger, the C-RZF sequence also contained motifs for a leucine zipper, a nuclear localization signal, and a stretch of acidic amino acids similar to the activation domains of some transcription factors.
8610176|Western analysis of the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of chicken embryo heart cells and immunofluorescent staining of chicken embryo cardiocytes with anti-C-RZF antibodies demonstrated that the C-RZF protein was present in the nucleus.
8610176|The data suggest that we have identified another member of the RING-finger family of proteins whose expression in CEB cells may be affected by CT/TN and whose nuclear localization and sequence motifs predict a DNA-binding function in the nucleus.
8612576|Mature B cells co-express on their cell surface two classes of antigen receptor, the IgM and IgD immunoglobulins.
8612576|"The specificity of association of the IgD molecule with the accessory proteins BAP31/BAP29 lies in the IgD transmembrane sequence."
8615858|A 42 kDa epimerase from the cytosolic fraction of rat livers was isolated and purified to homogeneity.
8618013|This study characterizes a novel basement membrane component that is the target of autoantibodies in patients with linear IgA bullous dermatosis.
8618013|In summary, this study characterizes a novel anchoring filament protein that is the target of linear IgA bullous dermatosis autoantibodies.
8618013|Tissue surveys showed that this protein localized to the epidermal side of 1 M NaCl split skin and to basement membranes in cornea, oral mucosa, esophagus, intestine, kidney collecting ducts, ureter, bladder, urethra, and thymus, but was absent in lung, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, and nerve.
8618013|This protein was secreted as as a 120-kDa peptide from primary cultures of keratinocytes as determined by radioimmunoprecipitation.
8618013|Monoclonal antibody 123, which recognizes this protein, induced dermal-epidermal separation of human skin in situ, and this protein was found, by immunoelectron microscopy, to localize exclusively to anchoring filaments.
8618014|"97-kDa linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LAD) antigen localizes to the lamina lucida of the epidermal basement membrane."
8618014|In all cases, the majority of labeling occurred in the lamina lucida beneath the hemidesmosomes.
8618014|These results indicate that the 97-kDa LAD antigen is a component of the lamina lucida.
8621569|"Characterization of a nuclear protein conferring brefeldin A resistance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe."
8621569|The protein encoded by hba1 is localized to the nucleus, and it was determined that this protein is phosphorylated in vivo.
8622664|Immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting revealed that more than 99% of wild-type MITF and Mi wh-MITF located in nuclei of transfected NIH 3T3 and 293T cells.
8622919|"Human myosin VIIA responsible for the Usher 1B syndrome: a predicted membrane-associated motor protein expressed in developing sensory epithelia."
8624437|However, the mercury-sensitive cysteine residue found in mammalian aquaporins is not present in delta-TIP, or in gamma-TIP, a previously characterized mercury-sensitive tonoplast aquaporin.
8624437|"Characterization of a new vacuolar membrane aquaporin sensitive to mercury at a unique site."
8624437|In plants, aquaporins are found in the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) and the plasma membrane.
8624437|Here, we report the molecular analysis of a new Arabidopsis aquaporin, delta-TIP (for tonoplast intrinsic protein), and show that it is located in the tonoplast.
8626012|Thus alpha1 and alpha7 integrins are present in synaptic membranes.
8626800|As hypothesized for the Drosophila frizzled protein, the frizzled homologues are likely to act as transmembrane receptors for as yet unidentified ligands.
8626800|"A large family of putative transmembrane receptors homologous to the product of the Drosophila tissue polarity gene frizzled."
8627343|Versican is a member of the family of large aggregating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans which are one of the major constituents of brain extracellular matrix (ECM).
8631292|This is the first evidence obtained in vivo that supports the proposed involvement of the enzyme in the quality control of glycoprotein folding in the ER.
8639267|By immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses, the Surf-6 protein has been found to be located in the nucleolus and by immunocytochemical microscopy to be localized predominantly in the nucleolar granular component, a structure that is involved in ribosome maturation.
8639267|"The Surf-6 gene of the mouse surfeit locus encodes a novel nucleolar protein."
8639267|These Surfeit genes appear to be housekeeping genes, with the Surf-3 gene encoding the 1.7a ribosomal protein and the Surf-4 gene encoding an integral membrane protein most likely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum.
8643544|Cell fractionation and immunofluorescence analyses indicate that in MDCK cells endogenous rab8ip is present both in the cytosol and as a peripheral membrane protein concentrated in the Golgi region and basolateral plasma membrane domains, sites where rab8 itself is also located.
8647900|Expression of MDC9 in COS-7 cells yields an 84-kD protein, and immunofluorescence analysis of COS-7 cells expressing MDC9 shows a staining pattern that is consistent with a plasma membrane localization.
8647900|MDC9 can be both cell surface biotinylated and 125I-labeled in NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts, indicating that the protein is present on the plasma membrane.
8647900|The apparent molecular mass of 84 kD suggests that MDC9 contains a membrane-anchored metalloprotease and disintegrin domain.
8647900|We propose that MDC9 might function as a membrane-anchored integrin ligand or metalloprotease, or that MDC9 may combine both activities in one protein.
8663305|These findings suggest that palmitoyl-protein thioesterase is a lysosomal enzyme and that infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is properly classified as a lysosomal storage disorder.
8663305|In this paper, we present evidence for the lysosomal localization of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase.
8664258|Radioactive labeling with [1-14C] iodoacetate revealed the site of carboxymethyation on a distinct cytoplasmic protein with the apparent molecular mass of 14 000 Da.
8666669|While Dmoesin is observed in continuous association with the plasma membrane, as is typical for an ERM family protein, Dmerlin is found in punctuate structures at the membrane and in the cytoplasm.
8670859|Immunolocalization studies using SMN monoclonal antibodies show several intense dots in HeLa cell nuclei.
8703017|Specifically, B56alpha, B56beta, and B56epsilon complexed with the protein phosphatase 2A A and C subunits localize to the cytoplasm, whereas B56delta, B56gamma1, and B56gamma3 are concentrated in the nucleus.
8707851|Pantophysin is therefore a broadly distributed marker of small cytoplasmic transport vesicles independent of their content.
8707851|By immunoelectron microscopy, the majority of pantophysin reactivity is detected at vesicles with a diameter of < 100 nm that have a smooth surface and an electron-translucent interior.
8707851|Using antibodies against the unique carboxy terminus pantophysin can be detected by immunofluorescence microscopy in both exocrine and endocrine cells of human pancreas, and in cultured cells, colocalizing with constitutive secretory and endocytotic vesicle markers in nonneuroendocrine cells and with synaptophysin in cDNA-transfected epithelial cells.
8707851|We and others have thus identified a cDNA in various nonneuroendocrine cell types of rat and human that is related to synaptophysin, one of the major synaptic vesicle membrane proteins, which we termed pantophysin.
8707851|"Pantophysin is a ubiquitously expressed synaptophysin homologue and defines constitutive transport vesicles."
8707851|Using cell fractionation in combination with immunoisolation, these vesicles are enriched in a light fraction and shown to contain the cellular vSNARE cellubrevin and the ubiquitous SCAMPs in epithelial cells and synaptophysin in neuroendocrine or cDNA-transfected nonneuroendocrine cells and neuroendocrine tissues.
8707851|The encoded polypeptide of calculated mol wt 28,926 shares many sequence features with synaptophysin, most notably the four hydrophobic putative transmembrane domains, although the cytoplasmic end domains are completely different.
8707854|The full-length cDNA of SIM revealed that it is a type I transmembrane protein, and its intracellular domain has weak homology with myosin heavy chain and related proteins.
8713081|Moreover, we show that the nuclear, more slowly migrating, TLE1 proteins are induced during neural determination of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells.
8713081|Similarly, TLE1 proteins with an apparent molecular mass of roughly 118 kDa exhibit higher affinity for the nuclear compartment than do faster migrating forms with apparent molecular masses of 90-93 kDa.
8717138|"Characterization of a novel drought-induced 34-kDa protein located in the thylakoids of Solanum tuberosum L. plants."
8717138|From immunoblot analysis of different chloroplastic subfractions, the cdsp 34 protein appears to be an extrinsic protein preferentially located in unstacked stroma thylakoids.
8717138|Western blotting analysis, using a serum raised against the N-terminal part of cdsp 34, confirmed the accumulation of cdsp 34 in thylakoids upon drought stress.
8724342|MCH was predominantly found in nuclei of spermatogonia at stages II-IV of spermatogenesis and in nuclei of leptotene and zygotene spermatocytes (at stages IX- XIII).
8737292|Fibulin-1 and fibulin-2, two recently identified extracellular matrix proteins with a homologous domain structure, are known to bind various extracellular ligands and calcium.
8737292|"The extracellular matrix proteins fibulin-1 and fibulin-2 in the early human embryo."
8751383|"M32, a murine homologue of Drosophila heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), localises to euchromatin within interphase nuclei and is largely excluded from constitutive heterochromatin."
8751383|We have previously shown that an M31-specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb), MAC 353, localises to constitutive heterochromatin (Wreggett et al., 1994).
8751383|Here we report that a MoAb raised against the M32 protein (MAC 385) recognises a 22-kDa protein in murine nuclear extracts and that M32 is distributed in a fine-grain "speckled" pattern within interphase nuclei.
8756606|Oleosins are proteins associated with lipid bodies mainly synthesised during seed development.
8757605|Immunoelectron microscopy on ultrathin cryosections showed that CD8-DMB molecules accumulated in late endocytic compartments sharing characteristics with lysosomes, like MHC class II compartments in APCs.
8760387|Immunoprecipitation experiments using the same monoclonal antibody also revealed the presence of SNAP-25 protein in plasma membrane fractions from rat epididymal fat pads.
8761485|In mouse liver, both enzymes were localized in specific cell types and in nuclei.
8761485|Although the distribution of GSTT2-2 in rat liver was similar to that seen in the mouse, GSTT1-1 was not localized in a specific cell type or in the nuclei of either rat or human liver.
8763961|Indeed, most Xcp proteins are found in the cytoplasmic membrane although xcp mutations lead to periplasmic accumulation of exoproteins, indicating that the limiting step is translocation across the outer membrane.
8797820|I-mf associates with MyoD family members and retains them in the cytoplasm by masking their nuclear localization signals.
8805662|"p161, a murine membrane protein expressed on mast cells and some macrophages, is mouse CD13/aminopeptidase N."
8815894|"Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (beta-trace) is located in pigment epithelial cells of rat retina and accumulates within interphotoreceptor matrix."
8830036|It was thus shown that the fungal fatty acid hydroxylase structurally and functionally bears a close resemblance to P450BM3, although it is membrane-bound, unlike the bacterial counterpart.
8833144|The mitochondrial capsule selenoprotein (MCS) (HGMW-approved symbol MCSP) is one of three proteins that are important for the maintenance and stabilization of the crescent structure of the sperm mitochondria.
8833144|"Isolation, expression, and chromosomal localization of the human mitochondrial capsule selenoprotein gene (MCSP)."
8837367|A polyclonal antibody prepared against the 35 kDa outer membrane protein (a putative porin) of Pasteurella (P.) multocida revealed binding to the 36 kDa major outer membrane protein (major Omp) of Haemophilus (H.) paragallinarum, to the 38 kDa major Omp of P.gallinarum, to the 39 kDa major Omp of P.volantium and to the 38.5 kDa major Omp of P. avium in immunoblotting studies.
8842737|Interestingly, in the photoreceptor cells, myosin VIIA is mainly localized in the inner and base of outer segments as well as in the synaptic ending region where it is co-localized with the synaptic vesicles.
8845838|Very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) is one of four straight-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACD) enzymes, which are all nuclear encoded mitochondrial flavoproteins catalyzing the initial step in fatty acid beta-oxidation.
8850569|Fibulin-1 protein was located in some embryonic epithelial basement membranes.
8850569|Fibulin-1 and fibulin-2 are extracellular matrix proteins with unique structural features.
8879495|The cadherins are a family of calcium-binding membrane glycoproteins.
8882725|"Isolation and characterization of retinoic acid-inducible cDNA clones in F9 cells: a novel cDNA family encodes cell surface proteins sharing partial homology with MHC class I molecules."
8882725|Interestingly, it has a weak, but significant homology with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and was immunocytochemically identified as a cell surface protein.
8882725|RAE-1 protein apparently consists of 253 amino acids and is likely to be a glycoprotein consisting of a leader sequence, an extracellular domain, a serine, threonine, proline-rich domain, and a transmembrane domain.
8886983|A green fluorescent protein-Sts5 fusion protein localised in the cytoplasm with a discrete punctate pattern, suggesting that the Sts5 protein is a component of a novel structure.
8887647|Fusion of mal2 protein to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) showed that mal2 was predominantly localized in the nucleus.
8908190|The constitutive secretion of beta-trace protein from the in vitro cultivated porcine choroid plexus epithelial cells demonstrates that the cells have retained their major in vivo physiological properties: secretion of cerebrospinal fluid proteins.
8908190|The present study demonstrates constitutive secretion of large amounts of beta-trace protein.
8908190|"Constitutive secretion of beta-trace protein by cultivated porcine choroid plexus epithelial cells: elucidation of its complete amino acid and cDNA sequences."
8916043|Electron microscope immunocytochemistry reveals that the cysteine-rich protein is evenly distributed in the cytoplasm in spermatids in steps 11 through early step 16 in mouse, and that it is associated with the outer mitochondrial membranes of spermatids in late step 16 and epididymal spermatozoa.
8916043|The experiments in the present study were designed to resolve a controversy surrounding the intracellular localization, developmental expression, and selenium-content of a cysteine-rich 17-20 kD protein that has been reported to constitute the major structural protein in the mitochondrial capsule of mammals.
8916043|"Developmental expression, intracellular localization, and selenium content of the cysteine-rich protein associated with the mitochondrial capsules of mouse sperm."
8944762|Consistent with its cytoplasmic localization, a pre-sequence is not found.
8946912|When the septum is completed and the cells separate, Dmf1p staining is once again nuclear.
8946912|In wild-type cells, Dmf1p is nuclear during interphase, and relocates to form a medial ring at the cell cortex coincident with the onset of mitosis.
8947550|In contrast, the COOH-terminally extended and membrane-bound PC5-B is located in the Golgi.
8947550|Biosynthetic analyses coupled to immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that the shorter and soluble PC5-A is sorted to regulated secretory granules.
8947550|EM of pancreatic cells established the presence of immunoreactive PC5 in glucagon-containing granules, demonstrating the sorting of this protein to dense core secretory granules in endocrine cells.
8964912|The deduced 570 amino acid sequences between rat and mouse IL-1RAcP have > 95% sequence identity to each other with similar predicted signal peptide sequence (20 amino acids), extracellular domain (339 amino acids), a single transmembrane domain (24 amino acids) and a long intracellular domain (187 amino acids).
8982867|Rae1 alpha, Rae1 beta, and Rae1 gamma cDNAs isolated from retinoic acid-treated mouse embryonal carcinoma F9 cells encode cell surface proteins sharing partial homology with MHC class I molecules, and mRNAs corresponding to these cDNAs were detected exclusively in early mouse embryos, especially in the head region.
8982867|"Genomic structures and characterization of Rae1 family members encoding GPI-anchored cell surface proteins and expressed predominantly in embryonic mouse brain."
8982867|Rae1 genes were preferentially expressed in early mouse embryos, preferentially in the brain, and RAE1 proteins were anchored on the cell surface by a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-tail, a feature shared by important cell surface ligands.
8986840|Mutational analysis of RPS2 protein and in vitro translation/translocation studies indicated that RPS2 protein is localized in the plant cytoplasm.
8989883|Immunologically cross-reactive proteins were detected in plasma membrane-enriched fractions from all angiosperm subclasses in the Cronquist system.
8991513|Subcellular fractionation data indicate that most of the Mnn10 protein cofractionates with Golgi markers and away from markers for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), suggesting Mnn10p is localized to the Golgi complex.
8995435|Based on these observations, a unique role for Ltk was proposed as an endoplasmic reticulum-resident transmembrane kinase regulated by redox changes (Bauskin, A. R., Alkalay, I., and Ben-Neriah, Y. (1991) Cell 66, 685-696).
8995435|"A lymphocyte-specific Ltk tyrosine kinase isoform is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum in association with calnexin."
8995435|A lymphocyte-specific murine Ltk tyrosine kinase isoform was previously found to reside in the endoplasmic reticulum and to be potently activated upon treatment of cells with alkylating or thiol-oxidizing agents.
8996834|Alternatively spliced exons found in both genes comprise a Kunitz protease inhibitor domain encoding exon, and another exon within the divergent regions adjacent to the transmembrane domain, i.e. exon 15 of the APP gene and an exon encoding 12 residues in APLP2.
8996834|The Alzheimer's beta A4-amyloid protein precursor (APP) and the APP-like proteins (APLPs) are transmembrane glycoproteins with a similar modular domain structure.
8999868|Using antibody 2H9 from our heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (anti-hnRNP) monoclonal antibody library, we previously showed in HeLa cells that a 35-37-kDa protein doublet switches from the hnRNP complexes to the nuclear matrix following a 10-min heat shock at 45 degrees C.
9000145|We show that ATM is almost exclusively nuclear and is expressed in all cell lines and tissues analysed.
9003761|Despite a low amino acid identity between TWIK-1 and TREK-1 (approximately 28%), both channel proteins share the same overall structural arrangement consisting of two pore-forming domains and four transmembrane segments (TMS).
9025303|Antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide of AATP1 recognized a single polypeptide of about 62 kDa in chloroplast inner envelope preparations.
9025303|"Characterization of a novel eukaryotic ATP/ADP translocator located in the plastid envelope of Arabidopsis thaliana L."
9038371|Both proteins are in part loosely associated with cytoplasmic membranes.
9038371|"The DFer gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes two membrane-associated proteins that can both transform vertebrate cells."
9045627|Here we report the cloning of a cDNA encoding Spalpha, a secreted protein that is highly homologous to CD5 and CD6.
9045627|These findings indicate that Spalpha, a novel secreted protein produced in lymphoid tissues, may regulate monocyte activation, function, and/or survival.
9045676|We therefore conclude that metaxin is a mitochondrial protein that extends into the cytosol while anchored into the outer membrane at its C terminus.
9045676|"Metaxin is a component of a preprotein import complex in the outer membrane of the mammalian mitochondrion."
9045676|When metaxin cDNA was transfected into COS cells, immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the protein is located in mitochondria.
9046096|Fluorescence observed in cells expressing a histone H1-GFP protein fusion indicated that histone H1 is localized to the nucleus.
9050866|The ATM protein is a single, high-molecular weight protein predominantly confined to the nucleus of human fibroblasts, but is present in both nuclear and microsomal fractions from human lymphoblast cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes.
9050866|"The ataxia-telangiectasia gene product, a constitutively expressed nuclear protein that is not up-regulated following genome damage."
9055074|Immunofluorescence studies localized Hoc1p to the Golgi apparatus.
9055074|The HOC1 gene (Homologous to OCH1) is predicted to encode a type II integral membrane protein that strongly resembles Och 1p, an alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase.
9055074|Taken together, these results suggest that HOC1 encodes a Golgi-localized putative mannosyltransferase required for the proper construction of the cell wall.
9059837|A calcium binding property was found as well as heat stability and cytoplasmic localization.
9065498|Immunoelectron microscopic data, when compared with the ultrastructure, showed that PGDS was localized at rough endoplasmatic reticulum of arachnoid and meningioma cells.
9065498|Meningioma cells also showed intense immunoreactivity in the perinuclear region, and it was often concentrated within meningocytic whorls and around calcifying psammoma bodies.
9066777|CFR protein is not detectable at the cell surface and immunocytochemistry with anti-CFR antibodies demonstrates that CFR is concentrated in the Golgi apparatus.
9066777|The cysteine-rich FGF receptor (CFR) is a 150-kD membrane-associated glycoprotein that specifically binds FGFs.
9070862|The Dyrk protein localizes to the cell nucleus, affording the potential of controlling the expression of other gene(s).
9070862|"The murine Dyrk protein maps to chromosome 16, localizes to the nucleus, and can form multimers."
9073068|A novel 17S complex composed of eight proteins including rsec6 and rsec8, the rat homologues of the yeast secretory proteins, Sec6p and Sec8p, has been identified in rat brain cytosol.
9083068|The C. elegans transferase accumulated in the nucleus and in perinuclear aggregates in overexpressing transgenic lines.
9083068|"O-Linked GlcNAc transferase is a conserved nucleocytoplasmic protein containing tetratricopeptide repeats."
9099943|We could localize ESL-1 in the Golgi as well as on the cell surface of 32Dc13 cells and neutrophils.
9099943|Based on immunogold labeling of intact cells, we localized ESL-1 on microvilli of 32Dc13 cells and of the lymphoma cell line K46.
9099943|These data indicate that ESL-1 occurs at sites on the leukocyte cell surface which are destined for the initiation of cell contacts to the endothelium.
9099943|"The E-selectin-ligand ESL-1 is located in the Golgi as well as on microvilli on the cell surface."
9106159|Fibulin-1 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) component of basement membranes and connective tissue elastic fibers, and a blood protein.
9106743|Sequence analysis of PS1/2 has revealed integral transmembrane proteins which are highly homologous to the protein coded by sel-12, a Caenorhabditis elegans gene involved in the lin-12/Notch signaling pathway.
9118953|Immunofluorescence microscopy analyses show that the sigma3-containing complex is present both in the area of the TGN and in peripheral structures, some of which contain the transferrin receptor.
9119050|Immunofluorescence staining of COS cells cotransfected with hSec10p and a mammalian Sec8p demonstrates that these two proteins have an identical distribution in the cell including a localization in the peripheral cytoplasm.
9119228|ALY is a ubiquitously expressed, nuclear protein that specifically associates with the activation domains of LEF-1 and AML-1 (CBF alpha2, PEBP2 alpha(B), which is another protein component of the TCR alpha enhancer complex.
9121482|They also colocalize with BMI1 in interphase nuclei of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma and SW480 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.
9144527|Immunoblot analyses revealed that gmp23-48k was present both in membrane and in soluble fractions of neonatal brain.
9144962|"The syntaxin homolog AtPEP12p resides on a late post-Golgi compartment in plants."
9144962|Biochemical analysis indicates that AtPEP12 does not localize to the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, or tonoplast in Arabidopsis plants; furthermore, based on biochemical and electron microscopy immunogold labeling analyses, AtPEP12 is likely to be localized to a post-Golgi compartment in the vacuolar pathway.
9147644|Using brefeldin A, a fungal inhibitor of protein secretion, we further demonstrated that the MNK protein is localized to the trans-Golgi network.
9147644|"Immunocytochemical localization of the Menkes copper transport protein (ATP7A) to the trans-Golgi network."
9150143|The protease was localized to vesicles that release their contents just prior to excystation.
9150358|Subcellular fractionation, immunoelectronmicroscopy and immunofluorescence showed that the ATM protein is present in the nucleus and cytoplasmic vesicles.
9151686|Immunofluorescence using anti-delta antibodies reveals that the AP-3 complex is associated with the Golgi region of the cell as well as with more peripheral structures.
9151699|Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) 3 is a novel cell surface molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which is selectively expressed by myeloid antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
9151699|"A novel inhibitory receptor (ILT3) expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells involved in antigen processing."
9153235|By several independent methods, flotillin behaves as a resident integral membrane protein component of caveolae.
9153235|"Flotillin and epidermal surface antigen define a new family of caveolae-associated integral membrane proteins."
9153242|The cDNA for a fourth member of the mammalian UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family, termed ppGaNTase-T4, has been cloned from a murine spleen cDNA library and expressed transiently in COS7 cells as a secreted functional enzyme.
9154934|By activity and immunoblot analysis of expression of translational fusions to Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase, RnfA protein was shown to span the chromatophore membrane with its odd-numbered hydrophilic regions exposed to periplasm.
9154934|By alkaline treatment of membrane fractions and following immunoblot analysis using antibodies against recombinant proteins expressed in E. coli, both RnfB and RnfC proteins were revealed to situate at the periphery of the chromatophore membranes.
9169836|When expressed in dividing neural precursors in Drosophila, Numblike is symmetrically distributed in the cytoplasm, unlike endogenous d-Numb or expressed mouse Numb (m-Numb), both of which are asymmetrically localized to one half of the cell membrane.
9169854|Antibodies directed against the protein demonstrate that How is localized to the nucleus.
9174053|Surface labeling studies indicated that the 200 kDa glycoprotein is exposed at the cell membrane, consistent with the prediction that ALK serves as the receptor for an unidentified ligand(s).
9175701|Protein AND-1 (acidic nucleoplasmic DNA-binding protein) appears as an oligomer, probably a homodimer, and has been localized throughout the entire interchromatinic space of the interphase nucleoplasm, whereas during mitosis it is transiently dispersed over the cytoplasm.
9177271|Gu/RNA helicase II (Gu/RH-II) is the first reported mammalian nucleolar RNA helicase that is a member of the D-E-A-D (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box family of proteins.
9177271|The GBP protein is localized to the nucleus in speckled or diffuse nucleoplasmic patterns.
9178261|Here we describe the cloning and characterization of Fritz, a mouse (mfiz) and human (hfiz) gene which codes for a secreted protein that is structurally related to the extracellular portion of the frizzled genes from Drosophila and vertebrates.
9182527|Consistent with its role in p53 ubiquitination, mE6-AP was found both in the nucleus and cytosol, while Nedd-4 was found only in the cytosol.
9182700|Immunoprecipitation of LTCP-1 and TGF-beta1 from CHO cells stably transfected with TGF-beta1 precursor cDNA revealed that the expressed protein forms a complex with LAP, and that a major part of the complex is secreted.
9184077|Both secreted proteins are internalized and degraded through the lysosomal pathway, suggesting interaction with cell surface receptors.
9184077|Both proteins are found in the ECM, although Cyr61 associates with the ECM more strongly and binds heparin with higher affinity.
9187143|Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Nek2 localized to nuclei, exhibiting a non-uniform distribution within the nucleus.
9187143|Nek2 appeared to be associated with meiotic chromosomes, an association that was better defined by immunolocalization to hypotonically dispersed meiotic chromosomes.
9192851|Indirect immunofluorescence indicates that it is found throughout the cytoplasm.
9192856|"The NNP-1 gene (D21S2056E), which encodes a novel nuclear protein, maps in close proximity to the cystatin B gene within the EPM1 and APECED critical region on 21q22.3."
9192856|We have cloned and molecularly characterized a novel human cDNA that encodes a protein of about 52 kDa that was shown by immunocytochemistry to have a nuclear localization.
9196068|The proper localization of adhalin to the muscle cell membrane was observed only in late stages of myotube maturation, coincident with the re-distribution of caveolin-3 and dystrophin.
9196068|Adhalin, or alpha-sarcoglycan, is a 50-kDa glycoprotein that was originally characterized as a muscle membrane protein.
9202329|In neurons, PFTAIRE protein was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cell bodies.
9202329|Proteins of approximately 58-60 kDa coprecipitated specifically with PFTAIRE from cytosolic protein preparations of adult mouse brain and transfected cells.
9207152|Immunogold labeling localizes it specifically to trans-Golgi dictyosomal cisternae.
9209031|The N-terminal 478 amino acids of Cpy1 are sufficient to direct delivery of a Cpy1-Inv hybrid protein to the vacuole.
9210462|Clear evidence for the specific association of ferrochelatase protein with both thylakoid and envelope membranes has been obtained, thus suggesting strongly that the control of the branchpoint cannot be by spatial separation of the two chelatases.
9212162|htra2-beta1 is a nuclear protein that colocalizes with SC35 in a speckled pattern.
9214383|In mouse gastrocnemius skeletal muscle, alpha1- and beta1-syntrophin are concentrated at the neuromuscular junction but are also present on the extrasynaptic sarcolemma.
9214383|beta2-syntrophin is largely restricted to the neuromuscular junction.
9214383|The sarcolemmal distribution of alpha1- and beta1-syntrophins suggests association with dystrophin and dystrobrevin, whereas all three syntrophins could potentially associate with utrophin at the neuromuscular junction.
9224655|Hydropathy-plot analysis indicates that the shortened isoforms contain maximally four (ClC-6b and -6d) or seven (ClC-6c) transmembrane domains.
9230113|Immunofluorescence detection using anti-Flag monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that the enzyme was localized to the trans-Golgi network.
9230113|"Localization of human heparan glucosaminyl N-deacetylase/N-sulphotransferase to the trans-Golgi network."
9241270|"Studies of human, mouse and yeast homologues indicate a mitochondrial function for frataxin."
9241270|Finally, tagging experiments demonstrate that human frataxin co-localizes with a mitochondrial protein.
9242669|In situ fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antibody staining showed that this protein tends to be localized to both ends of the cell upon entry into the stationary phase of cell growth.
9259265|The nuclear form is located in structures termed gems.
9259265|SMN is found in the cytoplasm and nucleus.
9271118|eld encodes a widely expressed nuclear protein with a region homologous to a novel family of DNA-binding domains.
9271424|FIN13 is localized in the nuclei of transiently transfected cells.
9278324|The 1.6-kbp cDNA, HM18, predicts a 49-kDa type 1 integral membrane protein that, like mouse gp49B1, contains two extracellular C2 type Ig superfamily domains and two consensus immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs in the cytoplasmic domain.
9286697|NVL has greatest similarity to the VCP subfamily of AAA proteins, is widely expressed, and encodes a nuclear protein with two highly similar ATP-binding domains.
9286697|"NVL: a new member of the AAA family of ATPases localized to the nucleus."
9286697|We report the cloning of NVL, a newly recognized human gene that encodes an approximately 110-kDa nuclear protein designated NVLp (nuclear VCP-like protein), which is a member of a rapidly growing family of ATP-binding proteins recently denoted the AAA family (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) (W. H. Kunau et al., 1993, Biochimie 75:209-224).
9287318|Immunofluorescence and biochemical analyses indicate that KIS overexpressed in HEK293 fibroblastic cells is partly targetted to the nucleus.
9288918|Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase remained soluble in the stroma in a free form and phytoene synthase associated to thylakoid membranes upon import, both as expected.
9288918|Surprisingly, phytoene desaturase and lycopene cyclase, which strongly depend on membrane association for enzymatic activity, also remained soluble in the chloroplast stroma.
9288918|The precursor proteins of the carotenogenic enzymes geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase and lycopene cyclase were imported into isolated pea chloroplasts.
9295333|"Molecular characterization of GCP170, a 170-kDa protein associated with the cytoplasmic face of the Golgi membrane."
9295333|Immunocytochemical observations revealed that GCP170 was localized to the Golgi complex and the cytoplasm, consistent with biochemical data indicating that the protein exits as a membrane-associated form and a soluble form.
9302253|By immunocytofluorescence and immunocytoelectron microscopy we show that frataxin is located in mitochondria, associated with the mitochondrial membranes and crests.
9302253|"Frataxin is reduced in Friedreich ataxia patients and is associated with mitochondrial membranes."
9307043|We found that the WD protein is localized mainly in the Golgi apparatus, whereas the shorter form is present in the cytosol.
9312075|The isolated cDNA clone pM1T-9 predicted a type II membrane protein with 4 amino acids of cytoplasmic domain, 21 amino acids of transmembrane region, and a large catalytic domain with 346 amino acids.
9334280|"muscleblind, a gene required for photoreceptor differentiation in Drosophila, encodes novel nuclear Cys3His-type zinc-finger-containing proteins."
9334280|Mbl proteins are nuclear and share a Cys3His zinc-finger motif which is also found in the TIS11/NUP475/TTP family of proteins and is highly conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates.
9334338|Taken together, the results suggest that p28 Bap31 is part of a complex in the endoplasmic reticulum that mechanically bridges an apoptosis-initiating caspase, like procaspase-8, with the anti-apoptotic regulator Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL.
9334338|"p28 Bap31, a Bcl-2/Bcl-XL- and procaspase-8-associated protein in the endoplasmic reticulum."
9334338|It is a 28-kD (p28) polytopic integral protein of the endoplasmic reticulum whose COOH-terminal cytosolic region contains overlapping predicted leucine zipper and weak death effector homology domains, flanked on either side by identical caspase recognition sites.
9339365|We have identified Celsr1, a gene that encodes a developmentally regulated vertebrate seven-pass transmembrane protein.
9339365|"Celsr1, a neural-specific gene encoding an unusual seven-pass transmembrane receptor, maps to mouse chromosome 15 and human chromosome 22qter."
9339365|Celsr1 is unique in that it contains this combination of repeats coupled to a seven-pass transmembrane domain.
9342341|Our data showed that the human deoxycytidine kinase is located in the cell nucleus and the human deoxyguanosine kinase is located in the mitochondria.
9342341|"Human deoxycytidine kinase is located in the cell nucleus."
9342341|The fusion proteins between green fluorescent protein and thymidine kinases 1 and 2 were both predominantly located in the cytosol.
9346891|In this paper we show that ferrochelatase-I is also imported into isolated pea mitochondria with approximately the same efficiency as into chloroplasts.
9346891|Ferrochelatase is the last enzyme of heme biosynthesis and in higher plants is found in both chloroplasts and mitochondria.
9346891|"A single precursor protein for ferrochelatase-I from Arabidopsis is imported in vitro into both chloroplasts and mitochondria."
9346962|In the cells, p130(SPA-1) was mostly localized at the perinuclear membranous region co-localizing with Rap1 and Rap2.
9348277|Cytochrome P4501A1 is a hepatic, microsomal membrane-bound enzyme that is highly induced by various xenobiotic agents.
9348277|Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that a portion of transiently expressed P4501A1 is colocalized with the mitochondrial-specific marker protein cytochrome oxidase subunit I.
9348277|The mitochondrial-associated MT2a and MT2b are localized within the inner membrane compartment, as tested by resistance to limited proteolysis in both intact mitochondria and mitoplasts.
9348277|Two NH2-terminal truncated forms of this P450, termed P450MT2a and MT2b, are also found localized in mitochondria from beta-naphthoflavone-induced livers.
9348339|P84 is a neuronal membrane glycoprotein that promotes the attachment and neurite outgrowth of cultured murine cerebellar cells.
9358007|Fertilin alpha and beta are members of the MDC (metalloproteinase-like, disintegrin-like, cysteine-rich) protein family and are expressed on the sperm surface where they have been proposed to play a role in mammalian fertilization.
9370241|Sj25/TM4 is predicted to span the cell membrane four times, with its NH2- and COOH-termini embedded in the cytoplasm, and to have two extracellular hydrophilic loops, one of which may be N-glycosylated.
9370241|The transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) comprises an assemblage of surface antigens from mammalian cells and from the human blood flukes.
9370241|Member proteins of the TM4SF are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains, which are presumed to be membrane-spanning, and specific conserved motifs.
9370241|"A new member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) of proteins from schistosomes, expressed by larval and adult Schistosoma japonicum."
9373138|Its localization in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was established by immunoelectron microscopy of Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 cells.
9393444|Cell fractionation followed by detection with a specific antibody preparation shows that the protein is associated with the 40S ribosomal subunit.
9393444|The protein is ubiquitous and localized in the cytoplasm.
9395408|Unexpectedly, PLD2 localizes primarily to the plasma membrane, in contrast to PLD1 which localizes solely to peri-nuclear regions (the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and late endosomes), where PLD activity has been shown to promote ARF-mediated coated-vesicle formation.
9396733|Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis showed distinct subcellular localizations for the three isoforms: whereas ECE-1a and ECE-1c are localized at the cell surface, ECE-1b was found to be intracellular and showed significant co-localization with a marker protein for the trans-Golgi network.
9396733|Endothelin-converting enzyme 1 (ECE-1) is a membrane-bound metalloprotease that catalyses the conversion of inactive big endothelins into active endothelins.
9396746|Cellubrevin is a ubiquitously expressed membrane protein that is localized to endosomes throughout the endocytotic pathway and functions in constitutive exocytosis.
9396746|Rather, the protein was enriched in ER-containing fractions.
9405606|iGnT, however, differs in having the longest transmembrane domain among glycosyltransferases cloned so far.
9405674|Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) is localized in the central nervous system and male genital organs of various mammals and is secreted as beta-trace into the closed compartment of these tissues separated from the systemic circulation.
9407107|"Purification, characterization, and localization of yeast Cox17p, a mitochondrial copper shuttle."
9407107|The antiserum detects Cox17p in both the mitochondrial and soluble protein fractions of wild type yeast and of the transformant overexpressing Cox17p.
9407107|Exposure of intact mitochondria to hypotonic conditions causes most of Cox17p to be released as a soluble protein indicating that the mitochondrial fraction of Cox17p is localized in the intermembrane space.
9409512|"Expression pattern of the mitochondrial capsule selenoprotein mRNA in the mouse testis after puberty; in situ hybridization study."
9417090|Following osmotic stress, tyrosine 186-phosphorylated forms of Dp38 MAPK were detected exclusively in nuclear regions of Schneider cells.
9427565|"cDNA cloning and chromosomal mapping of genes encoding novel protein kinases termed PKU-alpha and PKU-beta, which have nuclear localization signal."
9427565|In addition, PKU-beta transiently expressed in COS-1 cells was predominantly nuclear.
9427565|Glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusions to regions of PKU-alpha and beta containing the NLS were efficiently localized to the nucleus.
9427565|The proteins encoded by both cDNAs contain a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) in their N-terminal region.
9430563|PGD synthase was synthesized within the epithelial cells of the iris and the ciliary body and was then secreted into the aqueous and vitreous humors, where it accumulated as an active enzyme.
9430630|Like Bcl-2, Bim possesses a hydrophobic C-terminus and localizes to intracytoplasmic membranes.
9430634|We demonstrate that these proteins colocalize within the cis Golgi, and that they are physically associated in two distinct complexes, both of which contain Mnn9p.
9434768|Three type II membrane proteins Anp1, Van1 and Mnn9 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae share significant sequence homology.
9434768|Their precise biochemical activity has long been unknown though the mutant phenotype indicates their participation in protein glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus.
9442024|"Molecular cloning of a new secreted sulfated mucin-like protein with a C-type lectin domain that is expressed in lymphoblastic cells."
9442024|Searching to clarify mechanism(s) of hyposialylation, we observed two sulfated secreted glycoproteins (molecular mass approximately 47 and approximately 40 kDa) (P47 and P40), which were differentially sulfated and/or differentially secreted in the culture supernatants of CEMLAI/NP cells when compared with parental CEM cells.
9442024|P47 is a secreted sulfated protein.
9450953|Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that HK1-sc was associated with the mitochondria and with the fibrous sheath of the flagellum and was found in discrete clusters in the region of the membranes of the sperm head.
9450953|"Targeting of a germ cell-specific type 1 hexokinase lacking a porin-binding domain to the mitochondria as well as to the head and fibrous sheath of murine spermatozoa."
9452020|Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a membrane-bound enzyme activity that degrades neuromodulatory fatty acid amides, including oleamide and anandamide.
9461541|The B1-immunoreactive proteins (B1-IPs) are major secretory products of rat submandibular gland acinar-cell progenitors, and are also produced by neonatal and adult rat sublingual and parotid glands.
9463477|The splice variants code for two proteins differing by a deletion of six amino acids located in the large intracellular loop between transmembrane domains M3 and M4.
9467005|Immunocytochemical assay shows that these two protein products have different subcellular distributions: the major form is concentrated in the perinuclear Golgi system while the minor form (as the only form in this family with OHS) is co-localized with the endoplasmic reticulum-resident BiP protein (GRP78).
9467951|Indirect immunofluorescence study demonstrated that ABP140 was colocalized with both cortical actin patches and cytoplasmic actin cables in intact cells.
9472006|This data suggests that for emerin to function normally it must be correctly localized, retained at the nuclear membrane and phosphorylated by cell cycle-mediated events.
9472006|In striking contrast to wild-type emerin, which was localized to the nuclear fraction and was insoluble in non-ionic detergents and high salt, emerin from these two patients exhibited a more random subcellular localization and increased solubility.
9472041|In the axonal processes of neurons, they are colocalized in the same particulate structures, which resemble vesicles.
9475171|Immunocytochemistry revealed that the enzyme has a dual location namely in peroxisomes and in the cytosol.
9477319|ASX binds to multiple sites on polytene chromosomes, 70% of which overlap those of Polycomb, polyhomeotic and Polycomblike, and 30% of which are unique.
9477959|"QLS motif in transmembrane helix VII of the glucose transporter family interacts with the C-1 position of D-glucose and is involved in substrate selection at the exofacial binding site."
9479498|RNF4, in addition to the carboxyl-terminally located RING-finger motif, contains two putative nuclear localization signals and stretches of acidic amino acids that are similar to the activation domains of some transcription factors.
9480746|Western blots show that the K12 protein exists as a cluster of bands around 27 kDa, and extractions using nonionic detergents or high pH conditions demonstrate that it behaves as an integral membrane protein.
9480746|In addition, an approximately 20-kDa soluble form of the K12 protein derived from the N-terminal domain is specifically secreted by cells into the culture medium.
9480746|"Identification and characterization of K12 (SECTM1), a novel human gene that encodes a Golgi-associated protein with transmembrane and secreted isoforms."
9480746|Immunofluorescence localization studies reveal that K12 is not detectable on the cell surface, but instead is found in a perinuclear Golgi-like pattern and colocalizes with a well-known Golgi marker.
9480746|The open reading frame predicts a 248-amino-acid protein with the hydropathic characteristics of a type 1a membrane protein.
9488484|The DNA binding activity of overexpressed Abp2 was similar to that of native Abp2.
9493912|The multifunctional transcription factor YY1 is associated with the nuclear matrix.
9507063|Dmnk proteins become detectable in both somatic and germ line cell nuclei upon their arrival at the periplasm of the syncytial embryo, but then disappear from the somatic cell nuclei.
9507063|We report here the identification and developmental expression of Dmnk (Drosophila maternal nuclear kinase), a Drosophila gene encoding a putative nuclear protein serine/threonine kinase with no apparent homology to previously identified protein kinases and located at 38B on the second chromosome.
9507063|Immunostaining with specific antibodies revealed that Dmnk proteins are localized to the nuclei in a speckled pattern.
9507063|Nuclear protein kinases are believed to play important roles in regulating gene expression.
9507063|"A novel Drosophila nuclear protein serine/threonine kinase expressed in the germline during its establishment."
9514948|Specific antiserum against PI3K-C2 gamma precipitated PI3K activity from the membrane fraction of mouse liver but not from heart.
9516481|By epitope tag immunocytochemistry, the immunoreactivity for PI3K-IIgamma is localized in the juxtanuclear Golgi region at high levels and also in the plasma and nuclear membranes at low levels.
9520418|We report here the cloning, identification, and functional characterization of murine and human nSMase, a ubiquitously expressed integral membrane protein, which displays all established properties of the Mg2+-dependent nSMase of the plasma membrane.
9521809|These results, therefore, indicate that 51PK is a nuclear serine/threonine kinase and a novel distinct member of the protein kinase superfamily.
9521809|We cloned cDNAs which encode a mouse liver nuclear protein with an apparent molecular mass of 51 kDa, using sequences derived from a purified protein as the basis for designing specific primers.
9521809|The 51PK mRNA was expressed as two splice variants and the 51PK protein was exclusively localized in nuclei.
9521809|"Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel nuclear protein kinase in mice."
9530815|Scombrine alpha is found phosphorylated in spermatid nuclei, but not in nuclei of ripe sperm.
9531532|Cut12 is localized to the SPB throughout the cell cycle, predominantly around the inner face of the interphase SPB, adjacent to the nucleus.
9545239|We have cloned a low-molecular weight A-kinase Anchoring Protein, called AKAP18, which targets the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) to the plasma membrane, and permits functional coupling to the L-type calcium channel.
9545239|Membrane anchoring is mediated by the first 10 amino acids of AKAP18, and involves residues Gly1, Cys4 and Cys5 which are lipid-modified through myristoylation and dual palmitoylation, respectively.
9545322|In eukaryotic cells, CL is found predominantly in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is generally thought to be an essential component of many mitochondrial functions.
9546399|Here, we show that human Tra2 proteins are present in HeLa cell nuclear extracts and that they bind efficiently and specifically to a previously characterized pre-mRNA splicing enhancer element.
9548455|Leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LIRs) are a newly discovered family of immunoreceptors expressed on monocytes and B cells and at lower levels on dendritic cells and NK cells.
9556628|Epitope-tagging experiments indicate that RHAMMv4 occurs only in the cytoplasm.
9556628|Here we note using flow cytometry and confocal analysis that RHAMM isoforms encoding exon 4 occur both on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm.
9566969|We further report that the human Spc98p, like gamma-tubulin, is concentrated at the centrosome, although a large fraction is found in cytosolic complexes.
9570313|Consistent with its specific association with tri-snRNPs in vitro, immunofluorescence microscopy studies showed that SnuCyp-20 is predominantly located in the nucleus, where it colocalizes in situ with typical snRNP-containing structures referred to as nuclear speckles.
9573373|Remarkably, the invertebrate FLODm protein behaves like mammalian flotillins and is targeted to the caveolae-enriched membrane fraction after transient expression in mammalian cells.
9573373|Caveolins (Cav-1, -2 and -3) and flotillins FLO-1 and FLO-2 [also known as epidermal surface antigens (ESAs)] are two families of mammalian caveolae-associated integral membrane proteins.
9576965|GFRalpha3 is a glycoprotein that is glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked to the cell surface like GFRalpha1 and GFRalpha2.
9580663|It has been reported that the ataxin-3 protein containing a polyglutamine sequence in the pathological range (61-84Q) is localized within the nucleus of neuronal cells, whereas ataxin-3 with a normal repeat length (12-37Q) is predominantly a cytoplasmic protein.
9580663|Furthermore, CLSM revealed that the ataxin-3 protein present in the nucleus of neuroblastoma cells is associated with the inner nuclear matrix.
9580663|"Ataxin-3 is transported into the nucleus and associates with the nuclear matrix."
9582337|In the low expressing cells, PABP1 was localized in the cytoplasm, whereas in the high expressors, we observed accumulation of the protein in the nucleus.
9582337|The ability of PABP1 to shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm was also shown by heterokaryon formation upon cell fusion.
9582337|"The human poly(A)-binding protein 1 shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm."
9590294|Drosophila dx encodes a ubiquitous, novel cytoplasmic protein of unknown biochemical function.
9593693|We purified this enzyme over 61,000-fold to near homogeneity with a 29.7% yield from rat brain membrane fractions.
9593693|The polypeptide contained eight putative glycosylation sites and a 20-amino acid residue transmembrane domain at its N terminus.
9601097|The hyaluronan binding protein is not detectable at the cell surface but is rather localized exclusively intracellularly.
9603947|When transfected as Flag-tagged proteins into COS-7 cells, ASM-1 is found almost entirely in a secreted form whereas only 20% of ASM-2 is secreted.
9606204|SEC35 encodes a novel cytosolic protein of 32 kD, peripherally associated with membranes.
9609829|MES-2 is found in germline nuclei in larval and adult worms and in all nuclei in early embryos.
9609829|As predicted from its similarity to a Polycomb group protein, MES-2 localizes to nuclei.
9609830|It is enriched in the germline of larvae and adults and is present in all nuclei of early embryos.
9609830|Consistent with the known role of Polycomb group proteins in regulating gene expression, MES-6 is a nuclear protein.
9611192|An Ssf1p-GFP fusion was found to localize to the nucleolus, implying that the role of SSF gene products in projection formation is indirect.
9611192|"A nucleolar protein that affects mating efficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by altering the morphological response to pheromone."
9614115|Proteolytically activated receptors (PARs) represent an emerging subset of seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors that mediate cell activation events by receptor cleavage at distinct scissile bonds located within receptor amino termini.
9614144|In interphase, p150 and p60 are bound to the nucleus, but they predominantly dissociate from chromatin during mitosis.
9614144|Active CAF-1 can be isolated as a 6.5 S complex from G1, S, and G2 phase nuclei.
9614144|During S phase, p150 and p60 are concentrated at sites of intranuclear DNA replication.
9614144|The other nucleosome assembly protein, NAP-1, is predominantly cytosolic throughout the cell cycle.
9618508|Indirect immunofluorescence using polyclonal anti-human WRN shows a predominant nucleolar localization.
9618508|In contrast to human WRN protein, mWRN protein is present diffusely throughout the nucleus.
9618508|The nucleolar localization of human WRN protein was supported by the finding that upon biochemical subcellular fractionation, WRN protein is present in an increased concentration in a subnuclear fraction enriched for nucleolar proteins.
9618508|"Nucleolar localization of the Werner syndrome protein in human cells."
9620772|Here, we show that EXT1 is an ER-resident type II transmembrane glycoprotein whose expression in cells results in the alteration of the synthesis and display of cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
9620797|Here we show that a receptor with seven transmembrane domains, the calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR), can function as either a CGRP receptor or an adrenomedullin receptor, depending on which members of a new family of single-transmembrane-domain proteins, which we have called receptor-activity-modifying proteins or RAMPs, are expressed.
9622634|The cloning of the full-length cDNA encoding meltrin beta (ADAM19), one of the metalloprotease-disintegrins expressed in mouse myogenic cells, revealed that the meltrin beta gene encodes a membrane protein closely related to meltrin alpha (ADAM12) which participates in myotube formation in vitro.
9622638|c-fos-induced growth factor (figf) is a new secreted member of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family with mitogenic activity on fibroblasts.
9626059|Immunofluorescence analysis of TRAF-4 in transfected cells demonstrated localization to cytosol but not nucleus.
9632645|The cDNA codes for a protein of 551 amino acids containing 12 putative transmembrane domains.
9635188|The S. pombe IQGAP-related protein Rng2p is a component of the actomyosin ring and the SPB and is required for actomyosin ring construction following assembly of F-actin at the division site.
9635188|Rng2p localized to the actomyosin ring and to the spindle pole body (SPB) of interphase and mitotic cells.
9635188|"Rng2p, a protein required for cytokinesis in fission yeast, is a component of the actomyosin ring and the spindle pole body."
9645946|Immunofluorescence analysis of ectopically expressed PRNK protein shows that PRNK, in contrast to full-length PYK2, is localized to focal adhesions by sequences within the focal adhesion targeting domain.
9645950|CENP-C, one of the few known intrinsic proteins of the human centromere, is thought to play structural as well as regulatory roles crucial to proper chromosome segregation and mitotic progression.
9645950|The biological significance of the interaction between CENP-C and HDaxx was confirmed by immunofluorescence colocalization of these two proteins at discrete spots in the nuclei of some interphase HeLa cells.
9647645|The membrane pool is tightly associated with the luminal surface of Golgi membranes.
9647645|CALNUC is found in both cytosolic and membrane fractions.
9647645|By immunoelectron microscopy, CALNUC is localized to cis-Golgi cisternae and the cis-Golgi network (CGN).
9647645|CALNUC is widely expressed, as it is detected by immunofluorescence in the Golgi region of all tissues and cell lines examined.
9647645|"The mammalian calcium-binding protein, nucleobindin (CALNUC), is a Golgi resident protein."
9647645|We have identified CALNUC, an EF-hand, Ca2+-binding protein, as a Golgi resident protein.
9647649|In human cells, Nek2 associates with centrosomes, and overexpression of active Nek2 has drastic consequences for centrosome structure.
9647649|Antibodies raised against recombinant C-Nap1 produced strong labeling of centrosomes by immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that C-Nap1 is associated specifically with the proximal ends of both mother and daughter centrioles.
9654073|Immunofluorescence indicated that the MSP58 protein is localized in microspherules in the nucleolus.
9654073|"The 58-kDa microspherule protein (MSP58), a nucleolar protein, interacts with nucleolar protein p120."
9654073|Protein p120 is a proliferation-related nucleolar protein which is detectable early in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and peaks early in the S phase.
9660837|Tag7 protein is detectable in both cell-associated and soluble forms.
9666900|The function of the presenilins is still unclear, although they belong to a transmembrane protein-gene family, probably involved in some signaling pathway.
9673989|Our results show a normal presence of emerin in the cultured cells and the specific persistence of emerin on the lamina of the in situ extracted nuclear matrix.
9673989|"Immunocytochemical detection of emerin within the nuclear matrix."
9673989|In addition, immunocytochemical data reported its localization at the nuclear periphery, on the nuclear lamina, in sections of several normal tissues.
9677393|In transfected COS cells, the mRpgr protein is isoprenylated and is localized in the Golgi complex.
9680388|We detected the protein in both cytoplasmic and nuclear subcellular fractions of murine myeloid cells and human K562 leukemia cells, which suggests that the protein might have a function distinct from a transcription factor.
9687312|In the ovary, basonuclin was found mainly in the nuclei of developing oocytes.
9687312|"Translocation of the zinc finger protein basonuclin from the mouse germ cell nucleus to the midpiece of the spermatozoon during spermiogenesis."
9687312|During spermiogenesis, it relocated from the nucleus to the midpiece of the flagellum of the spermatozoa.
9687312|Immunocytochemical staining detected basonuclin in the nuclei of spermatogonia and spermatocytes at various developmental stages.
9687312|Basonuclin was first described as a human keratinocyte zinc finger protein present in the nuclei of proliferative basal keratinocytes in the epidermis.
9690473|The gene lunatic fringe encodes a secreted factor with significant sequence similarity to the Drosophila gene fringe.
9692914|A monoclonal antibody against the c-myc epitope detected a 98-kDa protein in mitochondria of yeast cells that expressed the PET309-c-myc fusion protein from a high copy number plasmid.
9692914|Additional analyses of mitochondrial subfractions demonstrated that the PET309-c-myc fusion protein is localized specifically in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
9692914|"The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pet309 protein is embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane."
9693037|Two hydrophobic subregions are present, which are thought to be responsible for the association of the RTN1 and RTN2 proteins with the endoplasmic reticulum.
9694864|PSD-95/SAP90 belongs to a family of membrane-associated guanylate kinases and binds N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, potassium channels, and neuroligins through the PDZ domains and GKAP/SAPAP/DAP through the guanylate kinase (GK) domain.
9696022|Cyclin G1 had a nuclear localization in all interphase cells with clear absence from nucleoli.
9703997|Epitope tagging experiments revealed the endoplasmic reticulum localization of EXT1 protein.
9708739|The meiosis-specific Hop2 protein localizes to chromosomes prior to and during synapsis and in the absence of the double-strand breaks that initiate recombination.
9710638|Western blot analysis and double-immunofluorescence experiments using a specific antiserum revealed a primary nuclear localization of HIRA.
9712053|Signal-regulatory proteins (SIRP) are transmembrane glycoproteins with three extracellular Ig-like domains, closely related to Ag receptors Ig, TCR, and MHC, and a cytoplasmic domain with two immunoreceptor with tyrosine-based inhibition motifs that can interact with src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatases.
9712871|Expression of this cDNA yielded a polypeptide termed HYAL2, which is located in lysosomes.
9712871|"HYAL2, a human gene expressed in many cells, encodes a lysosomal hyaluronidase with a novel type of specificity."
9714794|The observation of PLC-beta3 nuclear localization suggests that PLC-beta3 may have intranuclear functions.
9714794|Using ultrastructural immunocytochemistry, mPLC-beta3 expression was detected in the heterochromatin of the nucleus in mouse brain neurons.
9716136|Here we show that a fraction of DGK-zeta is found in the nucleus, where it regulates the amount of nuclear diacylglycerol.
9722566|Antibodies against Aralar amino-terminal fusion protein recognized a 70-kDa protein in brain mitochondrial fractions.
9722566|The subcellular localization of the protein in COS cells transfected with Aralar was exclusively mitochondrial.
9722566|The domain structure, mitochondrial localization, and presence in excitable tissues suggests a possible function of Aralar as calcium-dependent mitochondrial solute carrier.
9722566|"Molecular cloning of Aralar, a new member of the mitochondrial carrier superfamily that binds calcium and is present in human muscle and brain."
9723928|Pre-ComGG differs from pre-ComGC and pre-ComGD, in that it is accessible to proteolysis only from the cytoplasmic face of the membrane and at least a portion of it behaves like a peripheral membrane protein.
9723928|ComGF behaves as an integral membrane protein, while ComGA, a putative ATPase, is located on the inner face of the membrane as a peripheral membrane protein.
9723928|All of the proteins were found to be membrane associated.
9723929|Effector and translocator Yops are secreted by the type III Ysc secretion apparatus, and some Yops also need a specific cytosolic chaperone, called Syc.
9724749|"The adenomatous polyposis coli-binding protein EB1 is associated with cytoplasmic and spindle microtubules."
9724749|EB1 colocalized both to cytoplasmic microtubules in interphase cells and to spindle microtubules during mitosis, with pronounced centrosome staining.
9724749|In vitro cosedimentation with taxol-stabilized microtubules demonstrated that a significant fraction of EB1 associated with microtubules.
9724749|Our results demonstrate that EB1 is a novel component of the microtubule cytoskeleton in mammalian cells.
9724749|Immunofluorescence analysis of SW480, a colon cancer cell line that expresses only carboxyl-terminal-deleted APC unable to interact with EB1, demonstrated that EB1 remained localized to the microtubule cytoskeleton, suggesting that this pattern of subcellular distribution is not mediated by its interaction with APC.
9724749|Recent studies of the yeast EB1 homologues Mal3 and Bim1p have demonstrated that both proteins localize to microtubules and are important in vivo for microtubule function.
9736702|Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST) is a 54- to 50-kDa integral membrane glycoprotein of the trans-Golgi network found in essentially all tissues investigated, catalyzing the tyrosine O-sulfation of soluble and membrane proteins passing through this compartment.
9736702|Human TPST-2 is a type II transmembrane protein of 377 aa residues that is encoded by a ubiquitously expressed 1.9-kb mRNA originating from seven exons of a gene located on chromosome 22 (22q12.1).
9736709|"Endoplasmic reticulum membrane localization of Rce1p and Ste24p, yeast proteases involved in carboxyl-terminal CAAX protein processing and amino-terminal a-factor cleavage."
9736709|We find that both of these proteases are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane.
9736709|The ER localization of Ste24p is consistent with the presence of a carboxyl-terminal dilysine ER retrieval motif, although we find that mutation of this motif does not result in mislocalization of Ste24p.
9736709|Whereas the Ram1p/Ram2p prenyltransferase is a cytosolic soluble enzyme, sequence analysis predicts that the other CAAX processing components, the Rce1p and Ste24p proteases and the Ste14p methyltransferase, contain multiple membrane spans.
9738934|The P-dlg protein is localized at the plasma membrane and cytoplasm, and it is expressed in the gland epithelial cells in normal prostate tissue but not in prostate cancer cell lines.
9740803|Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Cut15 was enriched within the nucleus specifically during prometaphase-metaphase, so the interaction of Cut15 with nuclear NLS proteins during mitosis might be important for condensation.
9742088|Yhm2p is localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is also associated with mitochondrial DNA in vivo.
9742088|"A novel DNA-binding protein bound to the mitochondrial inner membrane restores the null mutation of mitochondrial histone Abf2p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae."
9742112|Nuclear localization of the FAA protein is therefore necessary but not sufficient for FAA function.
9742112|Our results suggest that FAA and FAC perform a concerted function in the cell nucleus, required for the maintenance of chromosomal stability.
9746342|The amino acid sequences of the deduced proteins predict that one mRNA species encodes a novel type-I transmembrane protein, whereas the other transcript encodes only a part of its cytoplasmic domain.
9746342|"Identification of a gene selectively expressed in the brain, which encodes a putative transmembrane protein and a soluble cytoplasmic isoform."
9748285|In contrast, 53BP2 localized exclusively to the cytoplasm, and this pattern did not change upon coexpression of wild type p53.
9748285|Immunofluorescence studies showed three types of staining patterns for 53BP1 as follows: both cytoplasmic and nuclear, homogeneous nuclear, and a nuclear dot pattern.
9751722|In contrast pVHL19, in biochemical fractionation experiments, is equally distributed between the nucleus and cytosol and is not found in association with membranes.
9751722|pVHL30 resides primarily in the cytosol, with less amounts found in the nucleus or associated with cell membranes.
9763447|These data suggest that Cut11p associates with nuclear pore complexes and mitotic SPBs as an anchor in the nuclear envelope; this role is essential for mitosis.
9763447|Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the localization of Cut11p to mitotic SPBs and nuclear pore complexes.
9763447|Localization of Cut11p tagged with the green fluorescent protein showed punctate nuclear envelope staining throughout the cell cycle and SPBs staining from early prophase to mid anaphase.
9763455|Here we demonstrate that ZPR1 accumulates in the nucleolus of proliferating cells.
9763455|"The cytoplasmic zinc finger protein ZPR1 accumulates in the nucleolus of proliferating cells."
9763455|The zinc finger protein ZPR1 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after treatment of cells with mitogens.
9774341|"DEDD, a novel death effector domain-containing protein, targeted to the nucleolus."
9774341|Consistent with its nuclear localization, DEDD contains two nuclear localization signals and the C-terminal part shares sequence homology with histones.
9774341|Immunocytological studies revealed that overexpressed DEDD directly translocated into the nucleus, where it co-localizes in the nucleolus with UBF, a basal factor required for RNA polymerase I transcription.
9774341|The results suggest that DEDD is a final target of a chain of events by which the CD95-induced apoptotic signal is transferred into the nucleolus to shut off cellular biosynthetic activities.
9774341|Endogenous DEDD was found in the cytoplasm and translocated into the nucleus upon stimulation of CD95.
9774695|The intermediate chains (ICs) are the subunits of the cytoplasmic dynein that provide binding of the complex to cargo organelles through interaction of their N termini with dynactin.
9774695|"Cytoplasmic dynein intermediate-chain isoforms with different targeting properties created by tissue-specific alternative splicing."
9778246|Transgenic mice carrying the spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) gene, a polyglutamine neurodegenerative disorder, develop ataxia with ataxin-1 localized to aggregates within cerebellar Purkinje cells nuclei.
9778246|Thus, although nuclear localization of ataxin-1 is necessary, nuclear aggregation of ataxin-1 is not required to initiate pathogenesis in transgenic mice.
9778246|"Ataxin-1 nuclear localization and aggregation: role in polyglutamine-induced disease in SCA1 transgenic mice."
9790763|"Isolation and characterization of a human gene containing a nuclear localization signal from the critical region for velo-cardio-facial syndrome on 22q11."
9790763|Coding sequence analysis revealed that NLVCF is a novel gene that contains two consensus sequences for nuclear localization signals.
9790768|Finally, we show that htra2-beta3 is expressed in the nucleus and interacts with a subset of SR proteins in a yeast two-hybrid system and in vivo.
9790770|The human HYAL2 gene encodes a lysosomal hyaluronidase that is related to the testicular PH-20 hyaluronidase.
9790770|"Structural organization and chromosomal localization of Hyal2, a gene encoding a lysosomal hyaluronidase."
9792665|Subcellular fractionation indicates that GTC-90 exists in both membrane and cytosolic pools, with the cytosolic pool associated exclusively with the GTC complex.
9792665|The membrane-associated pool of GTC-90 is localized to the Golgi apparatus.
9795236|The p62 complex is an assembly of four O-linked glycoproteins (p62, p58, p54, and p45) localized in the central region of the nuclear pore complex.
9799363|The results demonstrate that Pel1p, playing a vital role in cells impaired in the mitochondrial DNA, is localized in the mitochondria and expressed in response to inositol and choline.
9799363|The PEL1-GFP fusion gene has been found to complement the pel1/pgs1 mutation and its fluorescent protein was localized to mitochondria similarly to the beta-galactosidase activity of a protein encoded by the PEL1-lacZ fusion gene.
9799363|"Phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase encoded by the PEL1/PGS1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is localized in mitochondria and its expression is regulated by phospholipid precursors."
9801372|In contrast to other synucleins, which are presynaptic proteins of CNS neurons, persyn is a cytosolic protein that is expressed predominantly in the cell bodies and axons of primary sensory neurons, sympathetic neurons, and motoneurons.
9804960|By fluorescence microscopy a defined pattern of distribution of the protein was observed only in promastigotes where KMP-11 is mainly located in the flagellum and the flagellar pocket.
9806833|FKBP23 is a glycoprotein retained in the endoplasmic reticulum by its carboxyl-terminal tetrapeptide His-Asp-Glu-Leu, as demonstrated by immunostaining, retention, and deglycosylation assays.
9809973|Hamartin is localized to the membrane/particulate (P100) fraction of cultured cells.
9809973|Taken together, the presence of hamartin in the membrane/particulate fraction and its pattern of cytoplasmic staining suggest that it is localized to cytoplasmic vesicles.
9809973|"Hamartin, the product of the tuberous sclerosis 1 (TSC1) gene, interacts with tuberin and appears to be localized to cytoplasmic vesicles."
9809973|Tuberin, the product of TSC2, appears to be localized to the Golgi apparatus and may have a function in vesicular transport.
9809973|Finally, we show that at endogenous expression levels, hamartin has a punctate pattern of immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm.
9809977|LNCaP cells were fractionated, and PSM' was localized to the cytoplasm.
9811450|Subcellular fractionation studies show that, although hPTTG is mainly a cytosolic protein, it is partially localized in the nucleus.
9813098|It does not line the neuronal plasmalemma continuously but in clusters and patches.
9813098|Overexpression in several cell lines shows that paralemmin concentrates at sites of plasma membrane activity such as filopodia and microspikes, and induces cell expansion and process formation.
9813098|We report the identification and initial characterization of paralemmin, a putative new morphoregulatory protein associated with the plasma membrane.
9813098|Prenylation and palmitoylation of a COOH-terminal cluster of three cysteine residues confers hydrophobicity and membrane association to paralemmin.
9813098|Paralemmin is associated with the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membranes of postsynaptic specializations, axonal and dendritic processes and perikarya, and also appears to be associated with an intracellular vesicle pool.
9813312|Each Slit gene encodes a putative secreted protein, which contains conserved protein-protein interaction domains including leucine-rich repeats (LRR) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like motifs, like that of the Drosophila protein.
9817934|An exclusively nuclear localization for SMNrp in cultured cells and muscle sections was revealed using GFP fusion constructs and thereafter confirmed with a polyclonal antibody raised against SMNrp.
9819355|Specific antisera were used to show that SPE-4 resides within the fibrous body-membranous organelles membranes during wild-type spermatogenesis.
9819355|"The presenilin protein family member SPE-4 localizes to an ER/Golgi derived organelle and is required for proper cytoplasmic partitioning during Caenorhabditis elegans spermatogenesis."
9819355|The spe-4 encoded integral membrane protein is a diverged member of the presenilin family implicated in early onset Alzheimer's disease.
9822602|Inducible nuclear accumulation was shown to be dependent on a nuclear localization signal (NLS) within the C-terminal end of HIF-1alpha which also harbors the hypoxia-inducible transactivation domain.
9822602|Thus, hypoxia-inducible nuclear import and transactivation by recruitment of CBP can be functionally separated from one another and play critical roles in signal transduction by HIF-1alpha.
9830021|In HeLa cells, hPrp17 is highly concentrated in the nuclear speckles, as is SC35 and many other splicing factors, thus providing further support that this protein also functions as a splicing factor in humans.
9838113|One of the two isoforms, alpha, contains a sequence, KKRK, in the carboxyl terminus, which is also contained in human helicase Q1 and was confirmed to function as the nuclear localization signal.
9839468|"Molecular characterization of CDSP 34, a chloroplastic protein induced by water deficit in Solanum tuberosum L. plants, and regulation of CDSP 34 expression by ABA and high illumination."
9839468|We previously described the accumulation of a 34 kDa thylakoid protein, named CDSP 34 for chloroplastic drought-induced stress protein, in Solanum tuberosum plants subjected to water deficit.
9852142|Immunolocalization in Xenopus cultured cells indicates that pEg7 concentrates onto chromosomes during mitosis.
9853615|The majority (75%) of the unknown proteins examined were exclusively localized to the nucleus in COS-7 cells.
9858543|A fusion of ATE1-1p with green fluorescent protein (GFP) is present in both the nucleus and the cytosol, whereas ATE1-2p-GFP is exclusively cytosolic.
9861059|"The Arabidopsis thaliana RPM1 disease resistance gene product is a peripheral plasma membrane protein that is degraded coincident with the hypersensitive response."
9861059|In contrast to previous suggestions, RPM1 is a peripheral membrane protein that likely resides on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
9862343|It comprises 1722 amino acids in toto (mature protein, 1695 amino acids; signal sequence, 27 amino acids) organized into 12 external domains (an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain, a fibronectin type II domain and 10 C-type carbohydrate recognition domains), a transmembrane region and a small cytoplasmic C terminus (31 amino acids) containing a single tyrosine residue (Y1679), but no obvious kinase domain.
9864354|As in larger eukaryotes, Bub1 is recruited to kinetochores during the early stages of mitosis.
9864354|Activation of the checkpoint results in the recruitment of Bub1 to centromeres and a delay in the completion of mitosis.
9864354|"Fission yeast bub1 is a mitotic centromere protein essential for the spindle checkpoint and the preservation of correct ploidy through mitosis."
9878250|Whereas LBR is localized to the inner nuclear membrane, these two related proteins are in the endoplasmic reticulum.
9878250|These results describe a human gene family encoding proteins of the inner nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum that function in nuclear organization and/or sterol metabolism.
9878250|LBR (lamin B receptor) is an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane encoded by a gene on human chromosome 1q42.1.
9878253|Mitochondrial targeting of the human gene products, suggested by computer analysis of the protein sequences, was confirmed by an in vitro import and protease-protection assay.
9879894|A polyclonal serum raised to a synthetic peptide deduced from the gene labelled schizont proteins of 96 and 68 kDa purified to homogeneity and both displaying aminopeptidase activity, as well as cytoplasmic structures in schizont stages.
9882502|The Elp phenotype also depended on the secreted protein argos and was reverted in Elp aos double mutants.
9885243|In addition to its localization to adherens junctions UNC-97 can also be detected in the nucleus, suggesting multiple functions for this LIM domain protein.
9892665|Biochemical and subcellular localization studies suggest that Moe1 and Scd1 colocalize in the nucleus.
9915833|"Identification and characterization of golgin-84, a novel Golgi integral membrane protein with a cytoplasmic coiled-coil domain."
9915833|In vitro, the protein inserts post-translationally into microsomal membranes with an N-cytoplasmic and C-lumen orientation.
9915833|Data base searching also indicates golgin-84 is similar in structure and sequence to giantin, a membrane protein that tethers coatamer complex I vesicles to the Golgi.
9915833|Golgin-84 is an integral membrane protein with a single transmembrane domain close to its C terminus.
9916915|Tcf-4 is a member of the Tcf/Lef family of transcription factors that interact functionally with beta-catenin to mediate Wnt signaling in vertebrates.
9925642|Kcc4, like Hsl1 and Gin4, was found to localize to the bud neck in a septin-dependent fashion.
9925642|We have found that Hsl1 physically associates with the septin cytoskeleton in vivo and that Hsl1 kinase activity depends on proper septin function.
9927190|"Cloning and characterization of a novel gene encoding a putative transmembrane protein with altered expression in some human transformed and tumor-derived cell lines."
9927190|Molecular cloning of a near full-length cDNA revealed that the novel gene encodes a putative transmembrane protein composed of 859 amino acids: the 492 N-terminal amino acids including a fivefold cysteine-rich repeat of 40 amino acids homologous to the ligand binding repeat of the known low density lipoprotein receptor, a 24 hydrophobic amino acid stretch spanning the plasma membrane, and a C-terminal domain of 343 residues.
9927700|Quantitative immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated that neuroligin 1 is clustered in synaptic clefts and postsynaptic densities.
9927700|Neuroligins and beta-neurexins are neuronal cell-surface proteins that bind to each other and form asymmetric intercellular junctions.
9927700|At the synapse, presynaptic membranes specialized for vesicular traffic are linked to postsynaptic membranes specialized for signal transduction.
9927700|With these antibodies, we show that neuroligin 1 is synaptic.
9927700|Thus neuroligin 1 is a synaptic cell-adhesion molecule that is enriched in postsynaptic densities where it may recruit receptors, channels, and signal-transduction molecules to synaptic sites of cell adhesion.
9927700|The neuronal localization, subcellular distribution, and developmental expression of neuroligin 1 are similar to those of the postsynaptic marker proteins PSD-95 and NMDA-R1 receptor.
9931333|"Localization of the APECED protein in distinct nuclear structures."
9931333|Immunohistochemical staining of transfected cells revealed that most of the recombinant 58 kDa APECED protein is present in the form of nuclear dots.
9931472|Furthermore, a rabbit antibody was raised against recombinant human hsp105alpha, and immunofluorescence study also confirmed that hsp105 was present in the cytoplasm but was not found in the nucleoli of mammalian cells under both nonstressed and stressed conditions.
9933355|"YNT20, a bypass suppressor of yme1 yme2, encodes a putative 3'-5' exonuclease localized in mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae."
9933355|YNT20p is a soluble mitochondrial protein that belongs to a subfamily of putative 3'-5' exonucleases.
9933407|"Localization of SCP2 and SCP3 protein molecules within synaptonemal complexes of the rat."SCP2 and SCP3 are major protein components of the lateral elements (LEs) of synaptonemal complexes (SCs) of the rat, with Mrs of 173, 000 and 30,000.
9988709|The specific localization of TrxR2 in mitochondria, together with the previous identification of mitochondria-specific thioredoxin and thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase, suggest that these three proteins provide a primary line of defense against H2O2 produced by the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
9988709|Immunoblot analysis confirmed that TrxR2 is localized almost exclusively in mitochondria, whereas TrxR1 is a cytosolic protein.
9988709|"Molecular cloning and characterization of a mitochondrial selenocysteine-containing thioredoxin reductase from rat liver."
9990022|Immunocytochemical analysis of stably transfected HK293 cells shows that SKI-1 is present in the Golgi apparatus and within small punctate structures reminiscent of endosomes.
9990022|In the endoplasmic reticulum of either LoVo or HK293 cells, proSKI-1 is processed into two membrane-bound forms of SKI-1 (120 and 106 kDa) differing by the nature of their N-glycosylation.
9990080|Most cases of NP-C result from inactivating mutations of NPC1, a recently identified member of a family of genes encoding membrane-bound proteins containing putative sterol sensing domains.
9990080|Given the vesicular localization of NPC1 and its proposed role in mediating retroendocytic trafficking of cholesterol and other lysosomal cargo, these results suggest that disruption of NPC1-mediated vesicular trafficking in astrocytes may be linked to neuronal degeneration in NP-C.
9990080|At a subcellular level, NPC1 localized to vesicles with the morphological characteristics of lysosomes and to sites near the plasma membrane.
9990856|Four of these proteins, Scc1p, Scc3p, Smc1p, and Smc3p, are subunits of a 'Cohesin' complex that binds chromosomes from late G1 until the onset of anaphase.
10026099|Castration and efferent duct ligation in the ram led to a decrease in PGDS mRNA and secretion.
10052459|PCNA binds directly to p150, the largest subunit of CAF-1, and the two proteins colocalize at sites of DNA replication in cells.
10072761|It was further determined, using immunoelectron microscopy, that AUH is located in the mitochondria of mouse cells.
10072761|"Characterisation and mitochondrial localisation of AUH, an AU-specific RNA-binding enoyl-CoA hydratase."
10077652|"The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-dependent IGF binding protein-4 protease secreted by human fibroblasts is pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A."
10077652|PAPP-A mRNA was expressed by the human fibroblasts and osteoblasts, and PAPP-A protein was secreted into the culture medium.
10079187|The coding region of the human NPGPR gene predicts a seven transmembrane domain receptor of 522 amino acids and having a relatively large N-terminus of 147 amino acids.
10079517|The analysis of G-Inx(1) and G-Inx(2) proteins suggests they bear four transmembrane domains, which show strong conservation in members of the innexin family.
10087198|Immunostaining of native and epitope tagged proteins localized the mouse Cops2 protein in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, with larger amounts in the nucleus in some cells.
10089881|In contrast to an earlier proposal that Sprouty is extracellular, we show by biochemical analysis that Sprouty is an intracellular protein, associated with the inner surface of the plasma membrane.
10092534|Ankhzn was observed on the endosomal membrane on immunoelectron microscopic analysis.
10092534|"Molecular cloning of a novel 130-kDa cytoplasmic protein, Ankhzn, containing Ankyrin repeats hooked to a zinc finger motif."
10094631|No protein-protein interaction was detected between ApsB and ApsA, a membrane-associated, previously identified protein.
10094631|The gene encodes a 121 kDa coiled-coil, hydrophilic protein that was localized in the cytoplasm.
10101125|Using specific antibodies, we show that the Stil protein accumulates in the nucleus of all female germ cells throughout development, and is transiently expressed during early stages of male germline differentiation.
10101125|We find that Stil binds to many sites on polytene chromosomes with strong preference for decondensed chromatin.
10101125|"The Drosophila gene stand still encodes a germline chromatin-associated protein that controls the transcription of the ovarian tumor gene."
10101125|Changes of Stil subnuclear localization during oogenesis suggest an association with chromatin.
10101285|In contrast to a previous report [Nuttal, S.D. et al. (1997) DNA Cell Biol. 16, 1067-1074], the present study using a newly-prepared anti-Tom34 antibody with a high titer showed that Tom34 is present largely in the cytosolic fraction and partly in the mitochondrial and membrane fractions after fractionation of tissues and cells, and that the membrane-associated form is largely extractable with 0.1 M sodium carbonate.
10189369|We also determined the localization of Sec12p, an ER membrane protein that initiates the COPII vesicle assembly pathway.
10189369|In P. pastoris, Golgi stacks are adjacent to discrete tER sites that contain COPII coat proteins as well as Sec12p.
10189369|In S. cerevisiae, COPII vesicles appear to be present throughout the cytoplasm and Sec12p is distributed throughout the ER, indicating that COPII vesicles bud from the entire ER network.
10189370|We report that a peripheral Golgi protein with a molecular mass of 210 kD localized at the cis-Golgi network (Rios, R.M., A.M. Tassin, C. Celati, C. Antony, M.C. Boissier, J.C. Homberg, and M. Bornens. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 125:997-1013) is a microtubule-binding protein that associates in situ with a subpopulation of stable microtubules.
10189370|"GMAP-210, A cis-Golgi network-associated protein, is a minus end microtubule-binding protein."
10189370|When transfected in fusion with the green fluorescent protein, the NH2-terminal domain associated with the cis-Golgi network whereas the COOH-terminal microtubule-binding domain localized at the centrosome.
10189370|Altogether these data support the view that GMAP-210 serves to link the cis-Golgi network to the minus ends of centrosome-nucleated microtubules.
10189370|Deletion analyses in vitro show that the COOH terminus of GMAP-210 binds to microtubules whereas the NH2 terminus binds to Golgi membranes.
10191115|The gene for Batten disease, the CLN3 gene, encodes a novel, highly hydrophobic, multitransmembrane protein, predicted to consist of 438 amino acid residues.
10191115|By using Western blotting, Percoll density gradient fractionation, and Triton X-114 extraction, we demonstrate that the product of the CLN3 gene, which we call battenin, in mammalian expression system studied is a highly glycosylated protein of lysosomal membrane.
10191115|Thus, battenin represents the novel constituent of a growing family of lysosomal membrane proteins.
10196184|Following DNA damage in normal p53+/+ cells, cyclin G is triggered to cluster in discrete nuclear DNA replication foci that contain replication-associated proteins such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).
10196184|"Altered regulation of cyclin G in human breast cancer and its specific localization at replication foci in response to DNA damage in p53+/+ cells."
10196184|The specific subcellular localization of cyclin G at DNA replication foci provides an additional link between p53-mediated growth arrest and cell cycle regulation and suggests that cyclin G may act as an effector of p53-mediated events by functional association with replication foci protein(s).
10196275|"A novel cellular protein, p60, interacting with both herpes simplex virus 1 regulatory proteins ICP22 and ICP0 is modified in a cell-type-specific manner and Is recruited to the nucleus after infection."
10196275|(iii) p60 localized in uninfected rabbit skin cells in both nuclei and cytoplasm.
10196275|Soon after infection with wild-type virus, the p60 localized in discrete small nuclear structures with ICP0.
10196275|(iv) In uninfected HEp-2 cells, p60 localized primarily in nuclei.
10196375|"Dysferlin is a plasma membrane protein and is expressed early in human development."
10196375|We have now raised a monoclonal antibody to dysferlin and report on the expression of this new protein: immunolabelling with the antibody (designated NCL-hamlet) demonstrated a polypeptide of approximately 230 kDa on western blots of skeletal muscle, with localization to the muscle fibre membrane by microscopy at both the light and electron microscopic level.
10196377|Normal tissue sections show that dysferlin localizes to the sarcolemma while tissue sections from MM and LGMD patients show minimal staining which is indistinguishable between the two types.
10198096|In addition, PLDgamma was detected in the nuclear fraction.
10198096|In subcellular fractions of Arabidopsis leaves, PLDalpha and PLDgamma were both present in the plasma membrane, intracellular membranes, mitochondria, and clathrin-coated vesicles, but their relative levels differed in these fractions.
10198163|Immunohistochemical studies of cells transfected with a Fzd9 expression construct confirm that Fzd9 is a membrane protein.
10198163|The frizzled gene family is conserved from insects to mammals and codes for putative Wnt receptors that share a cysteine-rich extracellular domain and seven transmembrane domains.
10202156|"Functional mammalian homologues of the Drosophila PEV-modifier Su(var)3-9 encode centromere-associated proteins which complex with the heterochromatin component M31."
10202156|Immunodetection of endogenous Suv39h1/SUV39H1 proteins in a variety of mammalian cell lines reveals enriched distribution at heterochromatic foci during interphase and centromere-specific localization during metaphase.
10202156|These data indicate the existence of a mammalian SU(VAR) complex and define Suv39h1/SUV39H1 as novel components of mammalian higher order chromatin.
10207075|We show at the protein level that expression of rec8 is meiosis specific and that Rec8p localizes to approximately 100 foci per prophase nucleus.
10209123|"A novel Rab6-interacting domain defines a family of Golgi-targeted coiled-coil proteins."
10209123|Each of these proteins was shown to target to the Golgi apparatus through a carboxy-terminal domain containing a conserved tyrosine residue, which was critical for targeting.
10212270|The transmembrane region of HAC4 was most homologous to partially cloned mouse If BCNG-3 (96%), whereas the C-terminal region of HAC4 showed low homology to all HAC family members so far cloned.
10215850|We expressed human TrxR2 as a fusion protein with green fluorescent protein and showed that in vivo it is localized in mitochondria.
10215850|"Human mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase cDNA cloning, expression and genomic organization."
10215850|Removal of the mitochondrial targeting sequence abolishes the mitochondrial translocation.
10222138|Especially in MRC-5 cells, a certain heterogeneity was observed, with some of the cells having calumenin localized solely to the ER while in other cells calumenin could be demonstrated in the ER as well as in the Golgi complex.
10222138|However, in the cultured human cell lines, HaCaT keratinocytes, normal and transformed MRC-5 fibroblasts, as well as in transfected COS-1 cells, human calumenin could be demonstrated in the ER as well as in the Golgi complex.
10222138|"Human calumenin localizes to the secretory pathway and is secreted to the medium."
10224084|Cell fractionation and immunocytochemistry indicated that HMT2 protein is localized to mitochondria.
10322023|Using epitope-tagging and immunofluorescence microscopy, we have now shown that PBP1 is localized at division sites in vegetative cells of B. subtilis.
10322023|"Septal localization of penicillin-binding protein 1 in Bacillus subtilis."
10322023|These results provide strong evidence that PBP1 is localized to and has an important function in the division septum in B. subtilis.
10322023|This is the first example of a high-molecular-weight class A PBP that is localized to the bacterial division septum.
10328932|It is generally believed that reelin, secreted by specific neuronal types such as Cajal-Retzius cells, acts at short distance via the extracellular matrix on target neurons, the response of which requires the Dab1 gene product.
10329445|This colocalization suggests that Sec24C and Sec24D are indeed associated with COPII structures on membranes of the ER-Golgi boundary.
10330454|In the liver, Hakata antigen was produced by bile duct epithelial cells and hepatocytes and was also secreted into the bile duct.
10330454|"Hakata antigen, a new member of the ficolin/opsonin p35 family, is a novel human lectin secreted into bronchus/alveolus and bile."
10335847|ctl-1 encodes an unusual cytosolic catalase; a second gene, ctl-2, encodes a peroxisomal catalase.
10336418|We have isolated a novel nuclear protein with a molecular mass of 49 kDa (TIP49a) from rat liver.
10336463|RAI protein appeared to be located in the nucleus and colocalized with NF-kappaB p65 that was activated by TNF-alpha.
10336622|Antibodies raised against CFTH1 localized the protein in a mucilageous coat surrounding submerged vegetative hyphae in liquid shaken culture and, as a discrete layer of about 10 nm thickness at the surface of aerial hyphae of standing cultures, suggesting a role in the formation of aerial hyphae.
10341080|Fringe genes encode pioneer secretory proteins with weak similarity to glycosyltransferases.
10341216|Unlike its presumptive partner Cofactor D (Alp1p), however, Sto1p does not localize to microtubules but is found throughout the cell.
10341243|Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid (Abeta), is an integral membrane protein with a receptor-like structure.
10349621|The Drosophila slit gene (sli) encodes a secreted leucine-rich repeat-containing protein (slit) expressed by the midline glial cells and required for normal neural development.
10352013|Addition of the 33 residues of N1 targets D-AKAP1 to the ER and residues 1-63 fused to GFP are necessary and sufficient for ER targeting.
10352013|Microinjecting expression constructs of D-AKAP1(N0) epitope-tagged at either the NH2 or the COOH terminus showed their localization to the mitochondria based on immunocytochemistry.
10352013|Residues 1-30 of N0 are therefore necessary and sufficient for mitochondria targeting.
10352013|"NH2-Terminal targeting motifs direct dual specificity A-kinase-anchoring protein 1 (D-AKAP1) to either mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum."
10352175|Transfection experiments with epitope-tagged hPop4 protein indicated that hPop4 is localised in the nucleus and accumulates in the nucleolus.
10358089|On the basis of the theoretical model and the results provided by these studies, a topological model for the membrane localization of the PrrB polypeptide is proposed.
10358089|"Topological analysis of the membrane-localized redox-responsive sensor kinase PrrB from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1."
10358089|Hydropathy profile-based computer analysis predicted that the PrrB polypeptide could contain six membrane-spanning domains at its amino terminus and a hydrophilic, cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus.
10358089|Enzymatic activity assays and immunoblot analyses were performed to identify and to localize the different segments of PrrB in the membrane.
10359617|LIN-10 may function in secretion of LET-23 to the basolateral membrane domain, or it may be involved in tethering LET-23 at the basolateral plasma membrane once it is secreted.
10359617|"Basolateral localization of the Caenorhabditis elegans epidermal growth factor receptor in epithelial cells by the PDZ protein LIN-10."
10359617|lin-10 acts in LET-23 receptor tyrosine kinase basolateral localization, because lin-10 mutations result in mislocalization of LET-23 to the apical membrane domain and cause a signaling defective (vulvaless) phenotype.
10359617|In Caenorhabditis elegans, the EGF receptor (encoded by let-23) is localized to the basolateral membrane domain of the epithelial vulval precursor cells, where it acts through a conserved Ras/MAP kinase signaling pathway to induce vulval differentiation.
10359617|LIN-10 is present at low levels in the cytoplasm and at the plasma membrane and at high levels at or near the Golgi.
10369257|"The gene mutated in adult-onset type II citrullinaemia encodes a putative mitochondrial carrier protein."
10369257|The protein encoded by SLC25A13, named citrin, is bipartite in structure, containing a mitochondrial carrier motif and four EF-hand domains, suggesting it is a calcium-dependent mitochondrial solute transporter with a role in urea cycle function.
10369669|"Glycoprotein reglucosylation and nucleotide sugar utilization in the secretory pathway: identification of a nucleoside diphosphatase in the endoplasmic reticulum."
10369669|We describe here the identification, purification and characterization of an ER enzyme that hydrolyzes UDP to UMP.
10373309|"Spag4, a novel sperm protein, binds outer dense-fiber protein Odf1 and localizes to microtubules of manchette and axoneme."
10373309|In contrast to Odf1 and Odf2, Spag4 protein localizes to two microtubule-containing spermatid structures.
10373309|Spag4 is detectable in the transient manchette and it is associated with the axoneme in elongating spermatids and epididymal sperm.
10374264|Plakophilin 2 (PKP2) is a widespread protein which shows a remarkable dual location: On the one hand, it appears as a constitutive karyoplasmic protein and on the other it is a desmosomal plaque component of most, probably all, desmosome-possessing tissues and cell culture lines.
10375636|We show that the protein is targeted to the mitochondrial matrix and describe attempts to complement the yeast knockout with the human adrenodoxin gene (FDX1) and with chimerical proteins constructed with the fusion of the yeast and the human gene.
10380813|"In plants a putative isovaleryl-CoA-dehydrogenase is located in mitochondria."
10380813|Subcellular fractionation identifies the putative IVD enzyme in the mitochondrion.
10381399|"Maternal histone deacetylase is accumulated in the nuclei of Xenopus oocytes as protein complexes with potential enzyme activity."
10381399|However, recombinant HDACm, injected into the cytoplasm of oocytes, not only is translocated to the nucleus, but also is free to interact with the endogenous chromatin.
10381399|Here we show that the 57 kDa HDACm protein undergoes steady accumulation in the nucleus, where it is organized in a multiprotein complex of approx. 300 kDa.
10381575|The Drosophila gene sine oculis (so) is a nuclear homeoprotein, which is required for eye development.
10388805|The predicted Nup184p is similar to Nup188p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a Nup184p-GFP fusion localizes to the nuclear periphery in a punctate pattern.
10388808|A Ptr6p-GFP fusion protein is localized in the nucleus, suggesting that Ptr6p functions there.
10393836|Nucleophosmin (NPM), a previously characterized nucleolar phosphoprotein, contributes to two other fusion proteins found in lympho-hematopoietic malignancies, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (NPM-ALK) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (NPM-RARalpha).
10393930|We describe here the size and location of nephrin, the first protein to be identified at the glomerular podocyte slit diaphragm.
10393930|"Nephrin is specifically located at the slit diaphragm of glomerular podocytes."
10393930|These features, together with the now demonstrated localization of nephrin to the slit diaphragm area, suggests an essential role for this protein in the normal glomerular filtration barrier.
10393943|Opsins are a class of retinal-binding, seven transmembrane helix proteins that function as light-responsive ion pumps or sensory receptors.
10393943|"The nop-1 gene of Neurospora crassa encodes a seven transmembrane helix retinal-binding protein homologous to archaeal rhodopsins."
10395899|C01C10.1b shares 36% of identical amino acids with the human Gas3/PMP22 and is characterized by four hydrophobic putative transmembrane domains.
10398531|This expression pattern is similar to that of BMP-2, a secreted signalling molecule involving limb patterning and morphogenesis.
10400583|"Characterization and submitochondrial localization of the alpha subunit of the mitochondrial processing peptidase from the aquatic fungus Blastocladiella emersonii."
10400583|Experiments to investigate the submitochondrial localization of B. emersonii alpha-MPP and beta-MPP were also carried out, and the results indicated that both subunits are associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane, possibly as part of the bc1 complex, as described for plants.
10401006|"Novel alternatively spliced isoforms of the neurofibromatosis type 2 tumor suppressor are targeted to the nucleus and cytoplasmic granules."
10401006|In contrast to Mer151, Mer150 and Mer162 were not found in regions of the plasma membrane, but localized to a granular intracellular compartment.
10401006|Mer151, however, was targeted to the nucleus, which was not observed for wild-type NF2, Mer150 or Mer162.
10401006|Subcellular localization of Mer151 in filopodia and ruffling membranes was similar to the wild-type NF2.
10414979|Confocal microscopy of hippocampal neurons showed that ProSAP1 is predominantly localized in synapses, and immunoelectron microscopy in situ revealed a strong association with PSDs of hippocampal excitatory synapses.
10414979|At the ultrastructural level, the immunoreactivity accumulates at developing PSDs starting from P8.
10417331|The Lotus and rice PSs are therefore likely to be cytosolic.
10433269|A single Homer-binding site is identified in Shank, and Shank and Homer coimmunoprecipitate from brain and colocalize at postsynaptic densities.
10436019|Ptc4 localizes in vacuole membranes, which suggests that Ptc4 regulates vacuole fusion by dephosphorylation of one or more proteins in the vacuole membrane.
10436025|We speculate that Pob1p is located on growing plasma membrane, possibly through the function of actin patches, and may recruit proteins required for the synthesis of cell wall.
10436025|"Fission yeast Pob1p, which is homologous to budding yeast Boi proteins and exhibits subcellular localization close to actin patches, is essential for cell elongation and separation."
10436025|Thus, this protein exhibits intracellular dynamics similar to F-actin patches.
10441324|The cause of DD was shown recently to be mutation in the ATP2A2 gene at 12q24.1, which encodes the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase type 2 (SERCA2).
10441328|In addition to a diffuse distribution throughout the nucleus, ataxin-7 associated with the nuclear matrix and the nucleolus.
10441328|"Nuclear localization of the spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 protein, ataxin-7."
10441328|Thus, expanded ataxin-7 may carry out its pathogenic effects in the nucleus by altering a matrix-associated nuclear structure and/or by disrupting nucleolar function.
10444376|High resolution confocal microscopy shows partial overlap of VIP36 with Golgi marker proteins.
10444376|Here we provide evidence that endogenous VIP36 is localised to the Golgi apparatus and the early secretory pathway of MDCK and Vero cells and propose that retention is easily saturated.
10444376|"VIP36 localisation to the early secretory pathway."
10444376|Overexpressed VIP36 had been localised to the Golgi complex, plasma membrane and endocytic structures suggesting post-Golgi trafficking of this molecule (Fiedler et al., 1994).
10444376|VIP36, an integral membrane protein previously isolated from epithelial MDCK cells, is an intracellular lectin of the secretory pathway.
10444376|Punctate cytoplasmic structures colocalise with coatomer and ERGIC-53, labeling ER-Golgi intermediate membrane structures.
10447675|The enzyme is a first protein component in the mitochondrial thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase system.
10447675|"Mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase in bovine adrenal cortex its purification, properties, nucleotide/amino acid sequences, and identification of selenocysteine."
10447675|Mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase was purified from bovine adrenal cortex.
10451362|Protein sequence analysis reveals that MINT has three N-terminal RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) and four nuclear localization signals.
10451362|The N-terminal MINT RRM domain represents an authentic dsDNA binding module for this novel vertebrate nuclear matrix protein.
10451362|Consistent with its proposed role as a nuclear transcriptional factor, transient expression of MINT(1-812) suppresses the FGF/forskolin-activated OC promoter, does not significantly regulate CMV promoter activity, but markedly upregulates the HSV thymidine kinase promoter in MC3T3E1 cells.
10451362|In toto, these data indicate that the novel nuclear protein MINT binds the homeoprotein Msx2 and coregulates OC during craniofacial development.
10451362|Western blot analysis of fractionated cell extracts reveals that mature approximately 110 kDa (N-terminal) and approximately 250 kDa (C-terminal) MINT protein fragments accumulate in chromatin and nuclear matrix fractions, cosegregating with Msx2 and topoisomerase II.
10451922|They were tissue-specific secretory proteins that accumulated only after eclosion, and were transferred to females during mating as other secretory proteins of the accessory glands.
10454532|Endogenous Xenopus RPD3 is present in nuclear and cytoplasmic pools, whereas RbAp48 and SIN3 are predominantly nuclear.
10454532|Exogenous RPD3 is not incorporated into previously described oocyte deacetylase and ATPase complexes but cofractionates with a component of the endogenous RbAp48 in the oocyte nucleus.
10456327|"The autocrine motility factor receptor gene encodes a novel type of seven transmembrane protein."
10456327|Thus, AMFR is a highly conserved gene which encodes a novel type of seven transmembrane protein.
10456327|Both genes encode a protein of 643 amino acids containing a seven transmembrane domain, a RING-H2 motif and a leucine zipper motif and showed a 94.7% amino acid sequence identity to each other.
10458908|We have taken advantage of the availability of a large amount of Drosophila genomic DNA sequence in the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project database ( approximately 1/5 of the genome) to identify a family of novel seven transmembrane domain encoding genes that are putative Drosophila olfactory receptors.
10462049|Full length ARL4 was detected in both nuclear and extranuclear compartments, whereas a construct of ARL4 lacking its C-terminus was excluded from the nucleus.
10473641|Both full-length Alp11(B) and the C-terminal third containing the CLIP-170 domain localize in the cytoplasm, and this domain is required for efficient binding to alpha-tubulin.
10477767|Both confocal microscopy and Western blotting confirmed the plasma membrane localization of the CD38 protein.
10480941|"A novel motif mediates the targeting of the Arabidopsis COP1 protein to subnuclear foci."
10480941|Moreover, phenotypically lethal mutations in the carboxyl-terminal WD-40 repeats inhibited localization to subnuclear foci, consistent with a functional role for the accumulation of COP1 at subnuclear sites.
10480941|The constitutive photomorphogenesis 1 (COP1) protein of Arabidopsis thaliana accumulates in discrete subnuclear foci.
10481053|In spermatids, GNPDA localized close to the developing acrosome vesicle and in spermatozoa close to the acrosomal region.
10481053|This antibody recognized a 33 kDa protein in soluble extracts from mouse brain, liver, kidney, muscle, ovary, testis and sperm.
10484781|MNK is normally localized pre- dominantly in the trans -Golgi network (TGN); however, when cells are exposed to excessive copper it is rapidly relocalized to the plasma membrane where it functions in copper efflux.
10486202|"Testis-specific murine centrin, Cetn1: genomic characterization and evidence for retroposition of a gene encoding a centrosome protein."
10486202|Centrin is a centrosome component in species from yeast to humans.
10487761|We show that HDAC4, unlike other deacetylases, shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in a process involving active nuclear export.
10487761|In the nucleus, HDAC4 associates with the myocyte enhancer factor MEF2A.
10490098|"Flamingo, a seven-pass transmembrane cadherin, regulates planar cell polarity under the control of Frizzled."
10490098|We identified a seven-pass transmembrane receptor of the cadherin superfamily, designated Flamingo (Fmi), localized at cell-cell boundaries in the Drosophila wing.
10490589|This PAR basic leucine zipper protein accumulates according to a robust circadian rhythm in nuclei of hepatocytes and other cell types.
10491078|In contrast to ECE-1b, ECE-1d is expressed at the cell surface, although less strongly than ECE-1a.
10491078|In particular, the ECE-1a isoform, strongly expressed at the plasma membrane, was found to be highly expressed in primary cultures of endothelial cells but absent from primary cultures of smooth muscle cells.
10496277|We report that antibodies to dysferlin identify a protein of approximately 230 kDa and show that dysferlin is located in the muscle membrane.
10496277|Thus, dysferlin is a membrane-associated protein that is not likely to be an integral component of the dystrophin complex.
10496277|"Dysferlin is a surface membrane-associated protein that is absent in Miyoshi myopathy."
10497219|A portion of granuphilin associates with insulin-containing dense-core granules, but not with synaptic-like microvesicles in beta cells.
10497219|"Novel rabphilin-3-like protein associates with insulin-containing granules in pancreatic beta cells."
10498867|We observed that full-length 53BP2 fused to GFP had a punctate distribution in cytoplasm, predominantly in perinuclear region whereas the N-terminal 53BP2 localized in cytoplasm and C-terminal 53BP2 localized in the nucleus.
10500251|"cDNA cloning, expression and chromosomal localization of the mouse mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase gene(1)."
10500251|Cytosolic thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) comprise a ubiquitous system that uses the reducing power of NADPH to act as a general disulfide reductase system as well as a potent antioxidant system.
10500251|We report here the cDNA cloning and chromosomal localization of the mouse mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase gene (TrxR2).
10500251|Human and rat mitochondria contain a complete thioredoxin system different from the one present in the cytosol.
10500251|The N-terminus of the protein displays typical features of a mitochondrial targeting sequence with absence of acidic residues and abundance of basic residues.
10502288|Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a mouse Gal-T2 cDNA that drives the synthesis of an epitope-tagged protein of molecular mass 43 kDa, which was enzymatically active and localized to the Golgi complex in transfected cell lines.
10502409|Analysis of p17(nhp2) during the mitotic cell cycles of living fission and budding yeast cells shows that this protein, and by implication H+ACA snoRNPs, remains localized with nucleolar material during mitosis, although the gross organization of partitioning of p17(nhp2) during anaphase is different in a comparison of the two yeasts.
10502409|We report the identification of a novel nucleolar protein from fission yeast, p17(nhp2), which is homologous to the recently identified Nhp2p core component of H+ACA snoRNPs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
10504337|"The Drosophila GMII gene encodes a Golgi alpha-mannosidase II."
10504337|We discuss these results in terms of the possible use of dGMII as a Drosophila Golgi marker.
10504337|In cultured Drosophila cells and in Drosophila embryos, antibodies raised against a C-terminal peptide localise this product mainly to the Golgi apparatus as identified by cryo-immuno electron microscopy studies and by antibodies raised against known mammalian Golgi proteins.
10504337|In this paper we show the organisation of the Drosophila gene encoding a Golgi alpha-mannosidase II.
10504499|"Nephrin localizes to the slit pore of the glomerular epithelial cell."
10504499|In developing glomeruli of newborn mouse, antinephrin immunolocalized to the earliest slit pore regions between differentiating podocytes, sites where slit diaphragms first become visible.
10504562|Two-dimensional analysis of thylakoid pigment-protein complexes showed a specific association of the protein with the photosystem II (PSII) multi-subunit complex.
10504562|Altogether, these results indicate a preferential association of the C40.4 protein with the light harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) antenna pigment complexes, and suggest a functional role of this protein in photosynthesis, by modulating photosynthetic efficiency and dissipation of excess absorbed light energy within the antenna complex.
10504562|By using an antibody against pepper fibrillin, we were able to demonstrate a chloroplastic location of the C40.4 protein in association with the thylakoid membranes.
10504562|Sequence analysis revealed near complete identity to potato CDSP34, a thylakoid protein induced by drought stress, and strong homology to the carotenoid-associated proteins fibrillin, ChrB and PAP from pepper fruit, and CHRC from cucumber flowers.
10506124|The transporter designated BAT1 (b(0, +)-type amino acid transporter 1) from rat kidney was found to be structurally related to recently identified amino acid transporters for system L, system y(+)L, and system x(-)C, which are linked, via a disulfide bond, to the other type II membrane glycoprotein, 4F2hc (4F2 heavy chain).
10506124|The BAT1 and rBAT proteins were shown to be colocalized in the apical membrane of the renal proximal tubules where massive cystine transport had been proposed.
10506127|Syntaxin-6 and EEA1 were found to colocalize extensively on early endosomes, although syntaxin-6 is present in the trans-Golgi network as well.
10506216|Shank1, Shank2, and Shank3 constitute a family of proteins that may function as molecular scaffolds in the postsynaptic density (PSD).
10506216|These results suggest that alternative splicing in the Shank family may be a mechanism that regulates the molecular structure of Shank and the spectrum of Shank-interacting proteins in the PSDs of adult and developing brain.
10508862|We report the identification and initial characterization of aczonin, a neuron-specific 550-kD protein concentrated at the presynaptic active zone and associated with a detergent-resistant cytoskeletal subcellular fraction.
10508862|Large parts of aczonin, including the zinc finger, PDZ, and C2 domains, are homologous to Rim or to Bassoon, two other proteins concentrated in presynaptic active zones.
10514519|Myristoylated NCS-1 bound to membranes in the absence of Ca(2+) and endogenous NCS-1 was tightly membrane-associated.
10521434|"The human PICD gene encodes a cytoplasmic and peroxisomal NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase."
10521434|In subcellular fractionation experiments, we found PICD in both peroxisomes and cytoplasm of human and rat liver cells, with approximately 27% of total PICD protein associated with peroxisomes.
10521438|The sequence of the longest cDNA clone of ST6GalNAc V encoded a type II membrane protein with 8 amino acids comprising the cytoplasmic domain, 21 amino acids comprising the transmembrane region, and 306 amino acids comprising the catalytic domain.
10523312|Furthermore, nuclear localization signals and predicted coiled-coil regions are conserved in the N-terminal domains of all three kinases.
10523501|We previously demonstrated that tankyrase co-localizes with TRF1 at the ends of human chromosomes in metaphase.
10523501|"Cell cycle dependent localization of the telomeric PARP, tankyrase, to nuclear pore complexes and centrosomes."
10523501|In interphase, tankyrase co-localized with TRF1 to telomeres, but in addition was found to reside at nuclear pore complexes, as evidenced by indirect immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation and immunoelectron microscopy.
10523501|At mitosis, concomitant with nuclear envelope breakdown and nuclear pore complex disassembly, tankyrase was found to relocate around the pericentriolar matrix of mitotic centrosomes.
10523508|Occludin is a transmembrane protein located at tight junctions and is known to interact with other tight junction proteins, including ZO-1.
10523508|Subcellular fractionation of liver demonstrated that 83% of VAP-33 co-isolated with occludin and DPPIV in a plasma membrane fraction and 14% fractionated in a vesicular pool.
10523508|"VAP-33 localizes to both an intracellular vesicle population and with occludin at the tight junction."
10523508|Extraction characteristics indicated that VAP-33 was an integral membrane protein.
10523508|Antibodies to the human VAP-33 co-localized with occludin at the tight junction in many tissues and tissue culture cell lines.
10524204|Immunodetection of HA-tagged FKBP60 in NIH-3T3 cells suggests that FKBP60 is segregated to the endoplasmic reticulum.
10524204|FKBP60 contains a hydrophobic signal peptide at the N-terminus, 4 peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) domains and an endoplasmic reticulum retention motif (HDEL) at the C-terminus.
10531350|Group IIA(2) PLA(2) is present in the secretory granules of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells, consistent with its putative role in facilitating secretory granule exocytosis and its consequent extracellular action.
10531350|In contrast, group V PLA(2) is associated with various membranous organelles including the Golgi apparatus, nuclear envelope, and plasma membrane.
10531350|The perinuclear location of group V PLA(2) is consistent with a putative interaction with translocated cytosolic PLA(2) in supplying arachidonic acid for generation of eicosanoid products, while the location in Golgi cisternae may also reflect its action as a secreted enzyme.
10542325|Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes intermembrane transfer of phosphatidylcholines in vitro.
10543731|SM-20 encodes a cytoplasmic protein, which is induced by platelet-derived growth factor and angiotensin II in cultured SMC and is upregulated in intimal SMC of atherosclerotic plaques and injured arteries.
10545525|Based on immunofluorescence of transfected HeLa cells, pp75 is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm, an observation confirmed by immunohistochemistry in untransfected cells.
10548543|We conclude that early erythrocyte precursors express at least two different forms of acyl-CoA synthetase and that LACS5 is present in mature erythrocyte plasma membranes.
10550324|"Nephrin localizes at the podocyte filtration slit area and is characteristically spliced in the human kidney."
10550324|These results indicate that nephrin is a new protein of the interpodocyte filtration slit area with a profound role in the pathophysiology of the filtration barrier.
10556062|spen transcripts encode extraordinarily large protein isoforms (approx. 5,500 amino acids), which are concentrated in embryonic nuclei.
10556066|We molecularly cloned stan and found that it encodes a huge protocadherin containing nine cadherin motifs, four EGF-like motifs, two laminin G motifs, and seven transmembrane domains.
10557242|AtVAM3p has been suggested to localize to the vacuolar membrane in Arabidopsis cells; however, using specific antisera and expression of epitope-tagged versions of each t-SNARE, we have discovered that AtVAM3p is found on the same prevacuolar structure as AtPEP12p in Arabidopsis root cells.
10557242|"The t-SNARE AtVAM3p resides on the prevacuolar compartment in Arabidopsis root cells."
10557242|In examining transport of cargo between the trans-Golgi network and the vacuole in Arabidopsis, we have previously characterized AtPEP12p as a t-SNARE residing on the prevacuolar compartment and AtVTI1a as a v-SNARE that interacts with AtPEP12p.
10559234|One of these variants encodes a classical chemokine with an associated signal peptide, while the other variant (PESKY) possesses the main body of the chemokine but has replaced the signal peptide with an alternative stretch of amino acids that allows for nuclear targeting of this isoform.
10559234|"ESkine, a novel beta-chemokine, is differentially spliced to produce secretable and nuclear targeted isoforms."
10561546|"A novel mammalian nuclear protein similar to Schizosaccharomyces pombe Prp1p/Zer1p and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Prp6p pre-mRNA splicing factors."
10561546|Indirect immunofluorescent staining showed that the 100-kDa protein localized in the nucleus in HeLa cells.
10562277|We find that SEC34 encodes a novel protein of 93-kD, peripherally associated with membranes.
10567589|One of the spots was shown to correspond to the spindle pole body (SPB).
10567589|Fusion of Pmt3p to green fluorescent protein (GFP) showed that Pmt3p was predominantly localized as intense spots in the nucleus.
10570185|In addition to its association with heterochromatin, at metaphase ATRX clearly binds to the short arms of human acrocentric chromosomes, where the arrays of ribosomal DNA are located.
10570185|Using indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy we have shown that ATRX protein is associated with pericentromeric heterochromatin during interphase and mitosis.
10570185|By coimmunofluorescence, ATRX localizes with a mouse homologue of the Drosophila heterochromatic protein HP1 in vivo, consistent with a previous two-hybrid screen identifying this interaction.
10570185|From the analysis of a trap assay for nuclear proteins, we have shown that the localization of ATRX to heterochromatin is encoded by its N-terminal region, which contains a conserved plant homeodomain-like finger and a coiled-coil domain.
10570185|"Localization of a putative transcriptional regulator (ATRX) at pericentromeric heterochromatin and the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes."
10574976|Fractionation of leaf cells and immunoblotting localized the protein to the plant plasma membrane.
10574976|Scanning N-glycosylation mutagenesis and Mlo-Lep fusion proteins demonstrated that Mlo is membrane-anchored by 7 transmembrane (TM) helices such that the N terminus is located extracellularly and the C terminus intracellularly.
10574976|Barley Mlo defines the founder of a novel class of plant integral membrane proteins.
10574993|Indirect immunofluorescence analysis localized endogenous JIP-1 to the tip of the neurites in differentiated NIE-115 and PC12 cells.
10579354|Western blotting revealed specific bands (approximately 140-190 kDa) in membrane fractions isolated from growth plate cartilage, primary cultures of rat chondrocytes, and several osteogenic cell lines (SaOS-2, UMR-106, ROS 17/2.8, and MC3T3-E1).
10579488|It is expressed in nectary tissues only while nectar is being actively secreted.
10579488|We have identified a limited number of proteins secreted into the nectar of tobacco plants.
10579488|Nectarin I is the most highly expressed nectar protein and has a monomer molecular mass of 29 kDa.
10580281|Databank searches revealed a high degree of identity between UPTG and several plant sequences that encode for proteins with apparent localization at the cytoplasmic face of the Golgi apparatus and at plasmodesmata.
10585566|"XYbp, a novel RING-finger protein, is a component of the XY body of spermatocytes and centrosomes."
10585566|The antiserum raised against the XYbp peptide demonstrated that XYbp is localised mainly in the XY bivalent of spermatocytes (XY body) and in the centrosomes of somatic and germ cells in all phases of the cell cycle.
10588641|Interestingly, only SNAP-23 that is not assembled into t-SNARE complexes is phosphorylated by SNAK, and phosphorylated SNAP-23 resides exclusively in the cytosol.
10588657|GRD20 encodes a hydrophilic protein that partially associates with the TGN.
10593946|The 4.2-kilobase pair cDNA contains an open reading frame of 762 base pairs encoding a 253-amino acid protein with two putative transmembrane domains.
10593946|Sucrose gradient-purified mitochondria from rat liver confirmed this mitochondrial localization.
10593946|This represents the first report of localization of a CLIC type chloride channel in mitochondria and the first indication that expression of an organellular chloride channel can be regulated by p53 and tumor necrosis factor alpha.
10593946|Subcellular fractionation of keratinocytes indicates that both the green fluorescent protein-mc3s5 fusion protein and the endogenous mc3s5/mtCLIC are localized to the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
10593946|Similarly, mc3s5/mtCLIC was localized to mitochondria and cytoplasmic fractions of rat liver homogenates.
10593946|Furthermore, mc3s5/mtCLIC colocalized with cytochrome oxidase in keratinocyte mitochondria by immunofluorescence and was also detected in the cytoplasmic compartment.
10593988|We prepared several deletion mutants and demonstrated that the 123 N-terminal amino acids (311-433) and a C-terminal proline-rich region containing 277 amino acids (725-1001) were essential for its localization to ruffling membranes.
10593988|"Novel inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase localizes at membrane ruffles."
10593988|When the Myc-epitope-tagged enzyme was expressed in COS-7 cells and stained with anti-Myc polyclonal antibody, a signal was observed at ruffling membranes and in the cytoplasm.
10601645|mST6GalNAc V exhibited type II transmembrane topology containing a polyglutamine repeat, which showed 42.6% and 44.8% identity to mouse ST6GalNAc III and IV, respectively.
10604985|Signal-regulatory proteins (SIRPs) are cell-surface glycoproteins expressed on myeloid and neural cells that have been shown to recruit SH2 domain-containing protein phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) and SHP-2 and to regulate receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling.
10604985|SIRP beta 1/DAP12 complex formation was required for efficient cell-surface expression of SIRP beta 1.
10608886|Among these, SelZf1 and SelZf2 share a common domain with mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase-2.
10610717|Expression analysis of a green fluorescence protein/ASAHL fusion protein in COS-1 cells revealed a punctate, perinuclear distribution, although no acid ceramidase activity was detected in the transfected cells using a fluorescence-based in vitro assay system.
10611353|Human RNR is a splice variant of the recently published photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor [Kobayashi, M., Takezawa, S., Hara, K., Yu, R. T., Umesono, Y., Agata, K., Taniwaki, M., Yasuda, K. & Umesono, K. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 4814-4819] whereas the mouse RNR is a mouse ortholog.
10613906|The original AKAP18 (renamed AKAP18alpha) and AKAP18beta target the plasma membrane when expressed in HEK-293 cells, while AKAP18gamma is cytosolic.
10613906|Furthermore, the data suggest that plasma membrane AKAPs may be targeted to subdomains of the cell surface, adding additional specificity in intracellular signaling.
10613906|When expressed in epithelial cells, AKAP18alpha is targeted to lateral membranes, whereas AKAP18beta is accumulated at the apical membrane.
10613906|A 23-amino acid insert, following the plasma membrane targeting domain, facilitates the association of AKAP18beta with the apical membrane.
10613906|Recently, AKAP18, a low molecular weight plasma membrane AKAP that facilitates PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the L-type Ca(2+) channel, was cloned.
10623621|Chimeras between hNMP 265 and green fluorescence protein or hapten appeared as speckles in extranucleolar regions in the nucleus, but not in the cytoplasm.
10623621|Amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry revealed identity of a human nuclear matrix protein, termed hNMP 265, with a predicted protein of gene KIAA0111.
10623621|"A human common nuclear matrix protein homologous to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A."
10623621|Experiments with tagged deletion mutants indicated that the N-terminal amino acid sequence is necessary for nuclear localization.
10623634|Indirect immunofluorescence staining also showed nuclear and nuclear matrix localization of the NXP-1.
10623634|Western blot analysis with anti-NXP-1 polyclonal antibody showed nuclear matrix localization of NXP-1 in HeLa cells.
10623634|"NXP-1, a human protein related to Rad21/Scc1/Mcd1, is a component of the nuclear matrix."
10625686|Immunolocalization studies suggest that GAK is a cytosolic protein that is concentrated in the perinuclear region; it appears to be highly associated with the trans-Golgi where the budding of clathrin-coated vesicles occurs.
10628977|GFP-Nrf1p vacuolar localization depended on the S. pombe Cdc24p homolog Scd1p.
10628977|Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Cdc42p and GFP-Nrf1p colocalized to intracellular membranes, including vacuolar membranes, and to sites of septum formation during cytokinesis.
10629060|Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that JIP3 was present in the cytoplasm and accumulated in the growth cones of developing neurites.
10631247|These results suggest that AtVLNs have less-specialized functions than mammalian villin, which is found only in the microvilli of brush border cells.
10633869|Our results show that PG-Lb/epiphycan gene expression is an intermediate marker for chondrogenesis, and that the protein can be localized to the extracellular matrix surrounding resting, proliferating, and hypertrophic chondrocytes by immunofluorescence histochemistry.
10639137|Remarkably, the Golgi-localized EXT1/EXT2 complex possesses substantially higher glycosyltransferase activity than EXT1 or EXT2 alone, which suggests that the complex represents the biologically relevant form of the enzyme(s).
10639137|The proteins encoded by these genes, EXT1 and EXT2, are endoplasmic reticulum-localized type II transmembrane glycoproteins that possess or are tightly associated with glycosyltransferase activities involved in the polymerization of heparan sulfate.
10639137|"The putative tumor suppressors EXT1 and EXT2 form a stable complex that accumulates in the Golgi apparatus and catalyzes the synthesis of heparan sulfate."
10639138|Calnuc (nucleobindin) was previously shown to be present both in the cytosol and in the Golgi and to be the major Golgi Ca(2+) binding protein.
10639333|It was shown by immunocytochemistry, at both optical and ultrastructural levels, that the peptides are localized in granulocyte cytoplasmic granules.
10639333|"Penaeidins, antimicrobial peptides with chitin-binding activity, are produced and stored in shrimp granulocytes and released after microbial challenge."
10639340|We conclude that Spo15p is associated with spindle pole bodies throughout the life cycle and plays an indispensable role in the initiation of spore membrane formation.
10639340|When the spo15-GFP fusion gene was expressed by the authentic spo15 promoter during vegetative growth and sporulation, the fusion protein colocalized with Sad1p, which is a component of spindle pole bodies.
10639340|"S. pombe sporulation-specific coiled-coil protein Spo15p is localized to the spindle pole body and essential for its modification."
10640276|Molecular and biochemical results indicate that this interaction is direct and in vivo evidence colocalizes SMRT, mHDAC5, and mHDAC7 to a distinct nuclear compartment.
10640617|Labeling is restricted to neurons, as shown by double-immunofluorescence microscopy, and is present in both nuclei and cytoplasm.
10641037|Using indirect immunofluorescence, HA epitope-tagged Klp3 protein is cytoplasmic and appears as one to a few distinct patches that are coincident with microtubules.
10642534|"Characterization of a second member of the subfamily of calcium-binding mitochondrial carriers expressed in human non-excitable tissues."
10642534|The localization of Aralar2/citrin expressed in human cell lines is mitochondrial, the C-terminal half containing sufficient information for import and assembly into mitochondria.
10644439|FLRT1, FLRT2, and FLRT3 comprise a novel gene family isolated in a screen for extracellular matrix proteins expressed in muscle.
10644439|"Identification of FLRT1, FLRT2, and FLRT3: a novel family of transmembrane leucine-rich repeat proteins."
10644439|The three genes encode putative type I transmembrane proteins, each containing 10 leucine-rich repeats flanked by N-terminal and C-terminal cysteine-rich regions, a fibronectin/collagen-like domain, and an intracellular tail.
10644992|Consistent with other N-acetyltransferases, Fus-2 localizes to the cytoplasm, as shown by GFP-tag experiments.
10648609|Mip1p was cytoplasmic, and two-hybrid and immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that Mip1p was bound to Mei2p in vivo.
10651944|Like its human counterpart, mouse Spalpha (mSpalpha), is a secreted protein containing three SRCR domains.
10652240|Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen (TIN-ag) is an extracellular matrix basement protein which was originally identified as a target antigen involved in anti-tubular basement membrane (TBM) antibody-mediated interstitial nephritis (TIN).
10655482|Herein, we identify the essential ferredoxin Yah1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria as a central component of the Fe/S protein biosynthesis machinery.
10655482|"A mitochondrial ferredoxin is essential for biogenesis of cellular iron-sulfur proteins."
10660574|"Identification and characterization of a novel Golgi protein, golgin-67."
10660574|The C-terminal region of golgin-67, which contains a predicted transmembrane domain, was demonstrated to be essential for its Golgi localization.
10660574|Polyclonal antibodies raised to a His(6)-tagged construct of this protein, detected a approximately 67-kDa protein in immunoprecipitation experiments, and cytological studies showed that this protein localized to the Golgi complex, through colocalization experiments with specific Golgi markers.
10660574|Structurally, golgin-67 resembles, golgin-84, an integral membrane Golgi protein with an N-terminal coiled-coil domain and a single C-terminal transmembrane domain.
10666224|Taken together, MEFV is predominantly expressed in myeloid cells and upregulated during myeloid differentiation, and the corresponding protein, pyrin, is expressed in the cytoplasm.
10666224|Expression of MEFV fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein showed that pyrin localized in distinct patches in the cytoplasm, forming a perinuclear cap.
10668791|Western blot and immunoelectron microscopy studies showed that KMP11 is present in the cytoskeleton structure.
10668791|"Molecular characterization of KMP11 from Trypanosoma cruzi: a cytoskeleton-associated protein regulated at the translational level."
10669742|In summary, CIZ, a novel zinc finger protein, binds Cas, is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, and regulates the expression of MMPs.
10669742|We showed that CIZ is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, by using the transient interspecies heterokaryon formation assay.
10669742|CIZ binds Cas in cells and is located in the nucleus and at focal adhesions.
10669742|p130(cas) is located at focal adhesions, is tyrosine phosphorylated in response to integrin stimulation, and is thought to transmit signals, via c-Crk and other proteins, for the remodeling of actin stress fibers and cell movement.
10671371|"Mitotic phosphorylation of SUV39H1, a novel component of active centromeres, coincides with transient accumulation at mammalian centromeres."
10671371|In addition, SUV39H1 selectively associates with the active centromere of a dicentric chromosome and also with a neocentromere.
10671371|We have shown that mammalian Su(var)3-9 homologues encode novel centromeric proteins on metaphase-arrested chromosomes.
10671475|In contrast, L-periaxin remains in the nucleus when expressed ectopically in oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming glia of the central nervous system.
10671475|Subsequently, the protein redistributes to the plasma membrane processes of the myelinating Schwann cell where it is believed to function in a signaling complex.
10671475|These data show that L-periaxin is a member of a growing family of proteins that can shuttle between the nucleus and cortical signaling/adherence complexes.
10671475|Here we show that L-periaxin is targeted to the nucleus of embryonic Schwann cells.
10671475|Nuclear targeting of L-periaxin is energy-dependent and is inhibited by cell-cell contact.
10672190|NrfH (177 residues) is predicted to be a membrane-bound tetrahaem cytochrome c belonging to the NapC/NirT family.
10677249|Golgin-67 is thus the smallest member of a growing family of Golgi autoantigens rich in alpha-helical coiled-coil domain.
10677249|"Human autoantibodies to a novel Golgi protein golgin-67: high similarity with golgin-95/gm 130 autoantigen."
10677249|Anti-golgin-67 human sera and affinity purified rabbit antibody to the recombinant protein gave predominant Golgi staining.
10679296|An immunocytochemical analysis showed that both EXT1 and EXT2 localized in Golgi apparatus, irrespective of HME mutations.
10679296|"Association of EXT1 and EXT2, hereditary multiple exostoses gene products, in Golgi apparatus."
10683177|A Grauzone-GFP fusion protein is functional and localizes to nuclei of both nurse cells and follicle cells during oogenesis.
10684253|The catalytic (C) subunit of protein kinase A functions both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
10684253|Under all circumstances, the N/C ratio obtained with the encoded Asn2 form was significantly higher than that with the deamidated, Asp2 form; i.e., the Asn2 form reached a larger nuclear concentration than the Asp2 form.
10687956|"The plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes contains voltage-dependent anion-selective porin channels."
10692359|Sucrose gradient sedimentation followed by immunoblot analysis revealed that it primarily appeared in the cytoplasmic membrane fractions.
10692359|Subcellular fractionation studies indicated that the XpsN protein was tightly associated with the membrane.
10692359|"Association of the cytoplasmic membrane protein XpsN with the outer membrane protein XpsD in the type II protein secretion apparatus of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris."
10692359|Immediately upstream of the xpsD gene, which encodes an outer membrane protein that serves as the secretion channel by forming multimers, there exists an open reading frame (previously designated ORF2) that could encode a protein of 261 amino acid residues.
10692437|"NBP-45, a novel nucleosomal binding protein with a tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression."
10692437|The region spanning the N-terminal 85 amino acids contains three segments that are highly homologous to functionally important domains in the HMG-14/-17 protein family: the nuclear localization signal, the nucleosome binding domain, and the chromatin unfolding domain.
10692437|The functional domains of NBP-45 are indicative of a nuclear protein that binds to nucleosomes, thereby creating a chromatin region of high local negative charge.
10692437|Here we characterize a novel murine nuclear protein, which we named NBP-45, that is related to the ubiquitous nuclear proteins HMG-14/-17, binds specifically to nucleosome core particles, and can function as a transcriptional activator.
10692437|The first 23 amino acids contain a region necessary for nuclear entry of the protein, the region spanning residues 12-40 is the main nucleosomal binding domain of the protein, and the negatively charged, C-terminal domain is necessary for transcription activation.
10698685|Recombinant HFARP expressed in COS-7 cells is secreted and glycosylated.
10699171|The ARHGAP6 protein co-localizes with actin filaments through an N-terminal domain and recruits F-actin into the growing processes.
10699171|These results suggest that ARHGAP6 has two independent functions: one as a GAP with specificity for RhoA and the other as a cytoskeletal protein that promotes actin remodeling.
10704386|"Complementary expression of transmembrane ephrins and their receptors in the mouse spinal cord: a possible role in constraining the orientation of longitudinally projecting axons."
10704386|We show here that B-class transmembrane ephrins and their receptors are reciprocally expressed on floor plate cells and longitudinally projecting axons in the mouse spinal cord.
10704397|split ends (spen) encodes nuclear 600 kDa proteins that contain RNA recognition motifs and a conserved C-terminal sequence.
10704397|"split ends encodes large nuclear proteins that regulate neuronal cell fate and axon extension in the Drosophila embryo."
10706707|These isoforms code for transmembrane as well as soluble LST1 proteins characterized by two alternative open reading frames at their 3' end.
10710432|"Human RecQ5beta, a large isomer of RecQ5 DNA helicase, localizes in the nucleoplasm and interacts with topoisomerases 3alpha and 3beta."
10710432|Immunocytochemical staining of three N-terminally tagged RecQ5 isomers expressed in 293EBNA cells showed that RecQ5beta migrates to the nucleus and exists exclusively in the nucleoplasm, while the small RecQ5alpha and RecQ5gamma proteins stay in the cytoplasm.
10712642|"Spatial, temporal and subcellular localization of islet-brain 1 (IB1), a homologue of JIP-1, in mouse brain."
10712642|By biochemical and subcellular fractionation of neuronal cells, IB1 was detected both in the cytosolic and membrane fractions.
10712642|IB1 was located in axonal and dendritic growth cones in primary telencephalon cells.
10713670|PSCA is a cell surface protein with limited expression in extraprostatic normal tissues.
10721726|TrxR2 showing less homology to human TrxR has a mitochondrial translocation signal and a mitochondrial prepeptide protease cleavage site in the N-terminal domain.
10721726|Transient expression experiments of each gene as fusion proteins with Xpress-tagged protein in NIH 3T3 cells indicated that TrxR1 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm and TrxR2 in the mitochondria.
10737605|Immunohistochemical staining with a newly generated monoclonal antibody, designated MA-511, revealed strong expression of T-cadherin in neural cell surface membrane and neurites in adult cerebral cortex, medulla oblongata, and nucleus olivaris.
10747907|The axonal microtubule-associated phosphoprotein tau interacts with neural plasma membrane (PM) components during neuronal development (Brandt, R., Leger, J., and Lee, G. (1995) J. Cell Biol. 131, 1327-1340).
10747909|Mutant alpha(13), in which both cysteines were changed to serines, failed to localize to plasma membranes in transfected cells and failed to activate Rho-dependent serum response factor-mediated transcription and actin stress fiber formation.
10747909|"Galpha 13 requires palmitoylation for plasma membrane localization, Rho-dependent signaling, and promotion of p115-RhoGEF membrane binding."
10747909|These findings identify palmitoylation of alpha(13) as critical for its proper membrane localization and signaling and provide insight into the mechanism of activation of Rho-dependent signaling pathways by alpha(13).
10747910|These are a family of cytoplasmic peripheral membrane proteins.
10748028|Sequence analysis and biochemical characterization of subunit V shows that it has a one transmembrane alpha-helix topology with two large hydrophilic domains extending on the stromal and lumenal side of the thylakoid membranes, with a lumenal location of the N terminus.
10748049|ABCB9 protein colocalized with the lysosomal markers, LAMP1 and LAMP2, in transfected cells.
10748049|We have cloned full-length human and mouse cDNAs of ABCB9, which encodes a predicted multiple-spanning transmembrane domain and a nucleotide-binding domain with Walker motifs.
10748049|"Characterization of ABCB9, an ATP binding cassette protein associated with lysosomes."
10748049|Phylogenetic analysis indicates that ABCB9 is closely related to TAP1 and TAP2, two "half" ABC proteins found in endoplasmic reticulum.
10748113|RIM1 is localized close to the active zone at the synapse, where it interacts in a GTP-dependent manner with Rab3 located on synaptic vesicles.
10748158|All three proteins are both cytosolic and membrane-bound.
10748158|Both localize to the soma and dendrites, suggesting that they share a similar type of addressing and closely related functions.
10749928|We show that in neuroendocrine cells, PC6B is localized to a paranuclear, brefeldin A-dispersible, BaCl(2)-responsive post-Golgi network (TGN) compartment distinct from furin and TGN38.
10749928|The mammalian proprotein convertases (PCs) are a family of secretory pathway enzymes that catalyze the endoproteolytic maturation of peptide hormones and many bioactive proteins.
10749931|¨Brn1p is a nuclear protein with a nonuniform distribution pattern, and its level is up-regulated at mitosis.
10749974|Wild-type Smn1p is localized predominantly in the nucleus whereas yeast expressing Smn1p with missense mutations or deletions of specific domains of the protein accumulate cytoplasmic aggregates.
10752525|Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen (TIN-Ag) is a recently described basement membrane glycoprotein reactive with autoantibodies in some forms of immunologically mediated human tubulointerstitial nephritis.
10753311|"delta-catenin is a nervous system-specific adherens junction protein which undergoes dynamic relocalization during development."
10753311|delta-catenin is a member of the Armadillo repeat family and component of the adherens junction discovered in a two-hybrid assay as a bona fide interactor with presenilin-1 (Zhou et al., [1997], NeuroReport 8:2085-2090), a protein which carries mutations that cause familial Alzheimer's disease.
10753883|The ectopic expression of SKIP protein in COS-7 cells and immunostaining of neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells revealed that SKIP is expressed in cytosol and that loss of actin stress fibers occurs where the SKIP protein is concentrated.
10754297|Also, CCR4 is internalized between 5 and 45 min but reappears in the membranes after 60 min of stimulation with MDC.
10757751|Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that Par2p has a cell-cycle-related localization pattern, being localized at cell ends during interphase and forming a medial ring in cells that are undergoing septation and cytokinesis.
10760300|By using specific antibodies, we now show that KCNQ4 is situated at the basal membrane of these sensory cells.
10764811|"Nuclear localization and cell cycle-specific expression of CtIP, a protein that associates with the BRCA1 tumor suppressor."
10764811|Our results show that CtIP, like its associated factors, is predominantly a nuclear protein.
10769201|mob1p is located on both spindle pole bodies throughout mitosis.
10770938|Immunoelectron microscopy and subcellular fractionation located racemase to mitochondria and peroxisomes.
10770938|"In mouse alpha -methylacyl-CoA racemase, the same gene product is simultaneously located in mitochondria and peroxisomes."
10770938|The presented data suggest that the polypeptide encoded by the racemase gene can alternatively be targeted to peroxisomes or mitochondria without modifications.
10775265|Sid1p localizes asymmetrically to one spindle pole body (SPB) in anaphase.
10775416|Similar to other eukaryotes, yeasts have parallel pathways of one-carbon metabolism in the cytoplasm and mitochondria and have folylpolyglutamate synthetase activity in both compartments.
10775416|"Disruption of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial folylpolyglutamate synthetase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae."
10775416|The gene encoding folylpolyglutamate synthetase is MET7 (also referred to as MET23) on chromosome XV and appears to encode both the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial forms of the enzyme.
10777209|B-ATF is a nuclear basic leucine zipper protein that belongs to the AP-1/ATF superfamily of transcription factors.
10777669|EGFP-ZNF274 fusion protein expressed in COS7 cells predominantly localized to the nucleoli.
10777669|These results suggest that ZNF274 is a ubiquitous transcription repressor that plays a role in the nucleoli.
10777697|Immunoprecipitation analysis using mH3 suggested that both alpha- and beta-tubulin are associated with HSP27.
10777697|"Small heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) associates with tubulin/microtubules in HeLa cells."
10777697|Further, sucrose-cushioned ultra centrifugation revealed that HSP27 is co-sedimented with taxol-stabilized microtubules.
10777697|One of the monoclonal antibodies raised against mitotic HeLa cells (termed as mH3) recognized a 27-kDa protein and stained microtubules in the mitotic spindles of HeLa cells.
10777697|These results indicate that HSP27 associates with tubulin/microtubules in HeLa cells.
10777785|"Molecular cloning of a novel membrane glycoprotein, pal, specifically expressed in photoreceptor cells of the retina and containing leucine-rich repeat."
10777785|These expression patterns of Pal appeared to be correlated with the development of the photoreceptor outer segments, because in the adult rat retina it was specifically localized in these segments.
10777785|This gene, named Pal, encodes a putative type I transmembrane protein containing five leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a single C2-type Ig-like domain, and a single fibronectin type III domain and is considered to be a new member of the LRR and Ig superfamily.
10777785|Ultrastructually, Pal immunoreactivity was distributed diffusely on the disk membrane in the lamellar regions.
10781554|The levels of the CcdA and YneJ proteins in the membrane were consistent with the observed promoter activities.
10781554|CcdA is known to be required for the synthesis of c-type cytochromes in Bacillus subtilis, but the exact function of this membrane protein is not known.
10783164|We show that Mcm10 is a chromatin-associated protein that mediates the association of the MCM2-7 complex with replication origins.
10783164|MCM2-7, a complex of six subunits, is an essential component of the prereplication chromatin that is assembled at Saccharomyces cerevisiae replication origins during G(1) phase.
10788480|"Regulation of mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein gene expression links nuclear and mitochondrial DNA replication in drosophila."
10791974|We demonstrate here that, in addition to its nuclear distribution, caspase-2 is localized to the Golgi complex, where it cleaves golgin-160 at a unique site not susceptible to cleavage by other caspases with very similar tetrapeptide specificities.
10791974|"Caspase-2 is localized at the Golgi complex and cleaves golgin-160 during apoptosis."
10805785|We have cloned sid4(+) and have found that sid4(+) encodes a previously unknown 76.4-kDa protein that localizes to the spindle pole body (SPB) throughout the cell cycle.
10805811|"A deletion in a photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor mRNA causes retinal degeneration in the rd7 mouse."
10806362|Four genes [sspI, sspK, sspM, and sspO (originally called cotK)] encoding minor small, acid-soluble proteins (SASP) unique to spores of Bacillus subtilis are expressed only in the forespore compartment of sporulating cells of this organism.
10806408|Signals of HSP105 were detected immunohistochemically in the germ cells and translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus at 2 days after experimental induction of cryptorchidism.
10806408|In conclusion, HSP105 is specifically localized in the germ cells and may translocate into the nucleus after heat shock.
10807864|These data demonstrate that JMJ is a nuclear protein, which is essential for normal heart development and function.
10807864|"Jumonji, a nuclear protein that is necessary for normal heart development."
10807864|Confocal microscopic examination using anti-JMJ antibodies indicated that the JMJ protein was localized in the nuclei of cells transfected with jmj.
10816581|One isoform of trehalase, TreF, is present in the cytoplasm and a second, TreA, in the periplasm.
10818206|The predicted rodent proteins have several important domains and signals found in human pyrin, including a B-box zinc finger domain, Robbins-Dingwall nuclear localization signal, and coiled-coil domain.
10821676|This system operates via a Ca(2+)-driven rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclase (ROS-GC).
10821676|"Rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclase type 1-linked stimulatory and inhibitory calcium signaling systems in the pineal gland: biochemical, molecular, and immunohistochemical evidence."
10821868|Human and mouse sequence (86.2% identical amino acids) comprise 12 putative membrane-spanning helices and several conserved motifs (sugar transporter signatures), which have previously been shown to be essential for transport activity, e.g. GRK in loop 2, PETPR in loop 6, QQLSGVN in helix 7, DRAGRR in loop 8, GWGPIPW in helix 10, and PETKG in the C-terminal tail.
10824085|Transient expression of these putative targeting sequences joined to jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) demonstrated that both presequences can efficiently dual-target GFP to mitochondria and plastids.
10830163|We demonstrate that several type III effectors from Pseudomonas syringae are targeted to the host plasma membrane and that efficient membrane association enhances function.
10835386|Slm9 protein level is constant and Slm9 is localized to the nucleus throughout the cell cycle.
10835386|"Slm9, a novel nuclear protein involved in mitotic control in fission yeast."
10849420|The EBP2 gene codes for an essential protein that localizes to the nucleolus.
10849420|"The budding yeast homolog of the human EBNA1-binding protein 2 (Ebp2p) is an essential nucleolar protein required for pre-rRNA processing."
10849425|Both proteins are ubiquitously expressed and localized in the nucleus.
10852821|We conclude that Rng3p is a novel component of the F-actin cytoskeleton essential for a late step in actomyosin ring assembly and that it might monitor some aspect of type II myosin assembly during actomyosin ring construction.
10854042|Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that become activated in response to stimulation by various cytokines.
10854253|Immunohistochemical studies and cell fractionation analysis show that PBP redistributes from cytoplasm to membranes in the presence of PS.
10854253|immunohistochemical studies and cell fractionation analysis show that PBP redistributes from cytoplasm to membranes in the presence of PS.
10858452|LALP70 is a novel lysosomal membrane protein belonging to the apyrase protein family.
10861296|It encodes a novel 286 amino acid transmembrane protein that contains an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retrieval signal (KKRP) in its C-terminus.
10861296|"The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis CLN8 membrane protein is a resident of the endoplasmic reticulum."
10861296|Taken together, these data strongly suggest that CLN8 is an ER resident protein that recycles between ER and ERGIC.
10861296|Partial localization to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) was also observed.
10861296|Using CLN8 and cell organelle specific antibodies with confocal immunofluorescence microscopy the CLN8 protein was shown to localize in the ER.
10871631|When transfected into mammalian cells, both torsin A and DeltaE-torsin A were found to behave as lumenally oriented glycoproteins.
10871631|Collectively, these data support that both the wild type and torsion dystonia-associated forms of torsin A are properly folded, lumenal proteins of similar oligomeric states.
10871631|Immunofluorescence studies revealed that torsin A localized to a diffuse network of intracellular membranes displaying significant co-immunoreactivity for the endoplasmic reticulum resident protein BiP, whereas DeltaE-torsin A resided in large spheroid intracellular structures exclusive of BiP immunoreactivity.
10873377|The transcript had an open reading frame of 328 amino acids encoding an ATP/GTP binding domain, a nuclear localization signal, two PEST protein-destabilization motifs, and a 132-amino-acid ankyrin-repeat region.
10880475|We also show that LIN-13 is a nuclear protein that contains multiple zinc fingers and a motif, LXCXE, that has been implicated in Rb binding.
10882850|We constructed green fluorescent protein-tagged hNTH1 fusion proteins to study the cellular localisation of hNTH1 and found strong and exclusive sorting to the nucleus.
10886372|"The Schizosaccharomyces pombe spo6+ gene encoding a nuclear protein with sequence similarity to budding yeast Dbf4 is required for meiotic second division and sporulation."
10886372|Spo6p fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) preferentially localized in a nucleus.
10886372|These results indicate that Spo6p is a novel Dbf4-related nuclear protein, which is expressed during meiosis and is indispensable for normal progression of meiosis-II and sporulation.
10887178|"Sprouty proteins are targeted to membrane ruffles upon growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activation.
10887178|In all cases, the Spry proteins underwent rapid translocation to membrane ruffles following EGF stimulation.
10887178|In unstimulated cells, the Spry proteins were distributed throughout the cytosol except for human Sprouty2 (hSpry2), which, although generally located in the cytosol, co-localized with microtubules.
10889211|"Localization of the outer membrane subunit OprM of resistance-nodulation-cell division family multicomponent efflux pump in Pseudomonas aeruginosa."
10889211|The following lines of evidence unequivocally established that the OprM protein functioned at the periplasmic space.
10889211|We concluded, based on these results, that the OprM protein was anchored in the outer membrane via fatty acid(s) attached to the N-terminal cysteine residue and that the entire polypeptide moiety was exposed to the periplasmic space.
10891348|Our studies have suggested that JPs take part in the formation of junctional membrane complexes by spanning the membrane of the intracellular Ca(2+) store and interacting with the cell-surface membrane.
10891499|"Nup50, a nucleoplasmically oriented nucleoporin with a role in nuclear protein export.
10891499|Taken together, our data indicate that Nup50 has a direct role in nuclear protein export and probably serves as a binding site on the nuclear side of the pore complex for export receptor-cargo complexes.
10891499|We present here a detailed analysis of a rat polypeptide termed Nup50 (formerly NPAP60) that was previously found to be associated with the nuclear pore complex (F. Fan et al., Genomics 40:444-453, 1997).
10891499|By immunofluorescence microscopy, Nup50 was found to be highly concentrated at the nuclear envelope of rat liver nuclei, whereas in cultured NRK cells it also is abundant in intranuclear regions.
10891499|On the basis of immunogold electron microscopy of both rat liver nuclear envelopes and NRK cells, we determined that Nup50 is specifically localized in the nucleoplasmic fibrils of the pore complex.
10894171|Here we describe a family of GPI-anchored cell surface proteins that function as ligands for the mouse activating NKG2D receptor.
10896675|SCAP (SREBP cleavage-activating protein) forms a complex with sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and escorts them from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex where proteases release transcriptionally active segments of SREBPs, which enter the nucleus to activate lipid synthesis.
10899003|"The notch signalling regulator fringe acts in the Golgi apparatus and requires the glycosyltransferase signature motif DXD."
10899003|These results indicate that Fringe does not exert its effects outside of the cell, but rather acts in the Golgi apparatus, apparently as a glycosyltransferase.
10899003|We report that a functional epitope-tagged form of Drosophila Fringe was localised in the Golgi apparatus.
10899120|Here we report the identification of two new meiosis-specific components of the SPB, Mpc54p and Mpc70p, and the first protein specific for the prospore membrane, Don1p.
10900204|In contrast, the DH/PH domain of KIAA0380 is localized in the cytoplasm, where it activates Rho/Rho kinase and induces stress fiber formation, consistent with results using p115 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor, which has a similar structure to KIAA0380 but lacks a proline-rich motif.
10900204|Molecular dissection analyses revealed that a proline-rich motif C-terminally adjacent to DH/PH domain is essential for plasma membrane localization of KIAA0380 and cortical actin reorganization followed by cell rounding.
10900204|These results suggest that upon stimulation, KIAA0380 translocates to the plasma membrane via the proline-rich motif and there activates Rho/Rho kinase signaling.
10906038|Thus, to our knowledge, we show for the first time that there is constitutive expression of several uterine nuclear receptor coactivators in a physiological setting that remains insensitive to estrogenic regulation.
10906147|The gene encodes a typical cadherin type 1 membrane protein with six extracellular cadherin domains (one pseudo domain) but lacking the catenin-binding site in its cytoplasmic part.
10910078|Mirk contains a PEST region characteristic of rapidly turned over proteins and is broken down to a Mr 57,000 form only in the nucleus.
10913195|The levels of Sp110 mRNA and protein in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB4 increased following treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and Sp110 localized to PML-Sp100 nuclear bodies in ATRA-treated NB4 cells.
10913195|Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that Sp110 is a member of the Sp100/Sp140 family of nuclear body components and that Sp110 may function as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator.
10913195|"Sp110 localizes to the PML-Sp100 nuclear body and may function as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator."
10913339|Using these antibodies, we showed that the Jmj protein is a 160-kDa protein and localizes in the nuclei of COS-7 cells transfected with jmj cDNA and megakaryocytes from fetal liver which show strong endogenous expression of the jmj gene.
10913339|These results show that the Jmj protein acts in cell nuclei and participates in the negative regulation of cell proliferation signaling.
10913339|"Jumonji is a nuclear protein that participates in the negative regulation of cell growth."
10920202|The VASA protein is cytoplasmic and expressed in migratory primordial germ cells in the region of the gonadal ridge.
10920210|Thus, contrary to previous computer-based predictions that GI would be an integral plasma membrane-localized polypeptide, the data here indicate that it is a nucleoplasmically localized protein.
10920210|"GIGANTEA is a nuclear protein involved in phytochrome signaling in Arabidopsis."
10920210|Optical sectioning by using the green fluorescent protein-GI fusion protein showed green fluorescence throughout the nucleoplasm.
10920210|However, by using beta-glucuronidase-GI and green fluorescent protein-GI fusion constructs, we have shown that GI is constitutively targeted to the nucleus in transient transfection assays.
10922478|Using a green fluorescent protein-tagged Bgs2p, we demonstrate that Bgs2p is localized at the periphery of the ascospores during meiosis and sporulation.
10924502|COS-1 cells expressing these fusion proteins were fractionated to obtain mitochondria.
10924502|Both immunoreaction and immunoprecipitation experiments employing intact and solubilized mitochondria indicate that regions on the N- and C-terminal sides of the transmembrane regions are sequestered on the inner surface of the MOM, while the region between the transmembrane domains is present on the cytosolic face of the MOM.
10924502|The present findings indicate that GAT is a dual-spanning, transmembrane protein adopting an inverted "U" conformation in the transverse plane of the MOM, where the N and C termini are sequestered on the inner surface of the MOM, while aa 494-573 are exposed on the cytosolic surface of the MOM.
10924502|"Identification of two transmembrane regions and a cytosolic domain of rat mitochondrial glycerophosphate acyltransferase."
10926844|Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a growing family of enzymes implicated in transcriptional regulation by affecting the acetylation state of core histones in the nucleus of cells.
10928996|We recently reported the identification of a brain-specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein homologue, UCP4.
10929711|Mitochondrial import and cleavage of its signal peptide are required for Smac to gain its apoptotic activity.
10929711|Smac is normally a mitochondrial protein but is released into the cytosol when cells undergo apoptosis.
10929711|"Smac, a mitochondrial protein that promotes cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation by eliminating IAP inhibition."
10929711|Smac is the second mitochondrial protein, along with cytochrome c, that promotes apoptosis by activating caspases.
10929712|The N-terminally processed, IAP-interacting form of DIABLO is concentrated in membrane fractions in healthy cells but released into the MIHA-containing cytosolic fractions upon UV irradiation.
10938344|Confocal microscopy analysis of full-length BRI1 fused to green fluorescent protein indicates that BRI1 is localized in the plasma membrane, and an in vitro kinase assay indicates that BRI1 is a functional Ser/Thr kinase.
10940552|Ankhzn (ankyrin repeats hooked to a zinc finger motif) was originally isolated by means of the gene trap method, as a novel cytoplasmic protein on mouse embryonic stem cells.
10940552|Western blot analysis showed that a 130kDa protein was detected at various levels in human tissues and also present in both membrane and soluble fractions obtained on subcellular fractionation.
10940552|The Ankhzn protein is ubiquitously expressed in a spatiotemporal-specific manner and is located on endosomes.
10945997|Like the other family members, EVL localized to focal adhesions and the leading edge of lamellipodia when expressed in fibroblasts.
10947841|Ebp2p is essential for growth and is mainly localized in the nucleolus.
10947841|Rrs1p, an essential nuclear protein, is required for the secretory response.
10949023|Our results suggest that JPs are important components of junctional membrane complexes.
10949023|JPs are composed of a carboxy-terminal hydrophobic segment spanning the ER/SR membrane and a remaining cytoplasmic domain that shows specific affinity for the PM.
10949023|We have identified the junctophilins (JPs), a novel conserved family of proteins that are components of the junctional complexes.
10949023|"Junctophilins: a novel family of junctional membrane complex proteins."
10950922|The PHEMX protein is structurally similar to tetraspanin CD81 (TAPA-1), a transmembrane protein involved in leukocyte activation, adhesion, and proliferation.
10950922|Conceptual translation of the murine Phemx cDNA predicts a 25-kDa polypeptide with four hydrophobic regions and several potential phosphorylation sites, suggestive of a transmembrane protein involved in cell signaling.
10954073|In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the homologue of SpCCE1, CCE1, is known to function in the mitochondria where its role appears to be to remove recombination junctions and thus facilitate mitochondrial DNA segregation.
10954073|"The Holliday junction resolvase SpCCE1 prevents mitochondrial DNA aggregation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe."
10954073|In accordance with the absence of a nuclear phenotype, we show by fluorescence microscopy that a SpCCE1-GFP fusion localises exclusively to the mitochondria of S. pombe.
10956412|Although SCCA1 and SCCA2 are detected in the cytoplasm of normal squamous epithelial cells, neither serpin is detected normally in the serum.
10956412|"Circulating serpin tumor markers SCCA1 and SCCA2 are not actively secreted but reside in the cytosol of squamous carcinoma cells."
10956412|Using subcellular fractionation, SCCA-green fluorescent fusion protein expression and confocal microscopy, SCCA1 and SCCA2 were found exclusively in the cytosol and were not associated with nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, microtubules, actin or the Golgi.
10956412|Thus, their presence in the circulation at relatively high concentrations suggests that malignant epithelial cells are re-directing serpin activity to the fluid phase via an active secretory process.
10956412|In contrast to previous reports, metabolic labeling and pulse-chase experiments showed that neither non-stimulated nor TNFalpha/PMA-stimulated squamous carcinoma cells appreciably secreted these ov-serpins into the medium.
10956412|Because serpins typically inhibit their targets by binding at 1:1 stoichiometry, a change in the distribution pattern of SCCA1 and SCCA2 (i.e., intracellular to extracellular) could indicate the need of tumor cells to neutralize harmful extracellular proteinases.
10956412|Collectively, these data suggest that the major site of SCCA1 and SCCA2 inhibitory activity remains within the cytosol and that their presence in the sera of patients with advanced squamous-cell carcinomas may be due to their passive release into the circulation.
10958694|However, a subpopulation of the complex was found to remain on chromosomes as foci in the interphase nucleus.
10958694|These results suggest that mitosis-specific function of human condensin may be regulated by cell cycle-specific subcellular localization of the complex, and the nuclear condensin that associates with interphase chromosomes is involved in the reinitiation of mitotic chromosome condensation in conjunction with phosphorylation of histone H3.
10958694|Chromosome association of human condensin is mitosis specific, and the majority of condensin dissociates from chromosomes and is sequestered in the cytoplasm throughout interphase.
10958694|"A human condensin complex containing hCAP-C-hCAP-E and CNAP1, a homolog of Xenopus XCAP-D2, colocalizes with phosphorylated histone H3 during the early stage of mitotic chromosome condensation."
10958694|During late G(2)/early prophase, the larger nuclear condensin foci colocalize with phosphorylated histone H3 clusters on partially condensed regions of chromosomes.
10962025|The FIS2GUS product is found in the embryo sac, in each of the polar cell nuclei, and in the central cell nucleus.
10962025|After pollination, the maternally derived FIS2GUS protein occurs in the nuclei of the cenocytic endosperm.
10964719|The neuropeptide control of gonadotropin secretion at the level of the anterior pituitary gland is primarily through the stimulatory action of the hypothalamic decapeptide, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which was originally isolated from mammals and subsequently from non-mammals.
10964959|Unlike classical netrins, netrin-G1 consists of at least six isoforms of which five were predominantly anchored to the plasma membrane via glycosyl phosphatidyl-inositol linkages.
10964959|Unlike netrin-1, a secreted form of netrin-G1 consistently failed to attract circumferentially growing axons from the cerebellar plate.
10964959|The expression pattern of netrin-G1 and its predicted neuronal membrane localization suggest it may also have novel signaling functions in nervous system development.
10965153|These results suggest that endogenous necdin protein is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm of differentiated neurons and moves into the nucleus under specific conditions.
10965153|Necdin was highly enriched in the cytoplasm of hypothalamic neurons in fetal and adult mice.
10965153|The subcellular fractionation analysis revealed that necdin was concentrated in the cytosol fraction of brain cells.
10969087|"T lymphocyte-triggering factor of african trypanosomes is associated with the flagellar fraction of the cytoskeleton and represents a new family of proteins that are present in several divergent eukaryotes."
10969087|Consistent with this possibility, we show that the human GAS11 protein contains a 144-amino acid domain that co-localizes with microtubules when fused to the green fluorescent protein and expressed in mammalian cells.
10973247|The inner ear Ush1c transcripts predicted several harmonin isoforms, some containing an additional coiled-coil domain and a proline- and serine-rich region.
10981966|OX2 and its receptor are both cell surface glycoproteins containing two immunoglobulin-like domains and interact with a dissociation constant of 2.5 microM and koff 0.8 s(-1), typical of many leukocyte protein membrane interactions.
10981966|"Lymphoid/neuronal cell surface OX2 glycoprotein recognizes a novel receptor on macrophages implicated in the control of their function."
10981966|The OX2 membrane glycoprotein (CD200) is expressed on a broad range of tissues including lymphoid cells, neurons, and endothelium.
10982038|Deficiencies in cytochrome oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, are relatively rare but most often lethal.
10982849|KKLF was found to be abundantly expressed in the liver, kidneys, heart, and skeletal muscle, and immunohistochemistry revealed the nuclear localization of KKLF protein in interstitial cells in heart and skeletal muscle, stellate cells, and fibroblasts in the liver.
10992165|Glutamate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that, in addition to its role in the energy metabolism in mitochondria, is involved in neuromuscular transmission.
10995579|Preliminary studies by immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the ARL6IP protein is predominantly localized to intracytoplasmic membranes.
10995579|Here we report the isolation and characterization of a gene that is downregulated during myeloid differentiation and encodes a 23-kDa protein with four putative transmembrane segments.
10995755|This difference implies that a post (or co)-translational mechanism functions in the fungal cells to target and bind the protein to the membrane.
10995755|Recombinant P450foxy expressed in yeast was catalytically and spectrally indistinguishable from the native protein, except most of the recombinant P450foxy was recovered in the soluble fraction of the yeast cells, in marked contrast to native P450foxy, which was exclusively recovered in the membrane fraction of the fungal cells.
10995755|"Fusarium oxysporum fatty-acid subterminal hydroxylase (CYP505) is a membrane-bound eukaryotic counterpart of Bacillus megaterium cytochrome P450BM3."
11003673|Human p14.5 localizes in yeast mitochondria and rescues the Deltammf1-associated phenotypes.
11003673|"Mmf1p, a novel yeast mitochondrial protein conserved throughout evolution and involved in maintenance of the mitochondrial genome."
11003673|In addition, fractionation of rat liver mitochondria showed that rat p14.5, like Mmf1p, is a soluble protein of the matrix.
11003673|Mmf1p is a mitochondrial matrix factor, and homologous Mmf1p factor (Hmf1p) copurifies with the soluble cytoplasmic fraction.
11003706|"Human and mouse mitochondrial orthologs of bacterial ClpX."
11003706|The polypeptide contains an N-terminal putative mitochondrial transit peptide, and expression of a full-length ClpX cDNA tagged at its C-terminus (Myc-His) shows that the polypeptide is transported into mitochondria.
11004585|"STIM1: a novel phosphoprotein located at the cell surface."
11004585|Thus, STIM1, the putative tumour growth suppressor gene is ubiquitously expressed and has features of a regulatory cell-surface phosphoprotein.
11004585|We used highly specific antibodies to show by immunofluorescence and cell surface biotinylation studies that STIM1 is located at the cell surface of K562 cells.
11004585|STIM1 is not secreted from cells and does not appear to undergo proteolytic processing.
11006113|"Molecular cloning and chromosomal mapping of a novel five-span transmembrane protein gene, M83."
11006113|The M83 protein was expressed on the cell surface as a glycosylated protein with a molecular mass of 84 kDa.
11006113|Cloning of the full-length cDNAs of human and mouse M83 revealed that M83 encodes a type I transmembrane protein with a region containing five hydrophobic segments within the C-terminal part of the protein, suggesting that M83 is a five-span transmembrane molecule.
11006113|In an attempt to identify novel transmembrane molecules expressed on hematopoietic cells, we identified a novel transmembrane protein gene, M83.
11007487|This mechanism involves tip1p, a CLIP170-like protein that localizes to distal tips of cytoplasmic microtubules.
11013134|In vitro transcription/translation experiments and overexpression in COS cells confirmed the disease-causing nature of the mutant SBCAD protein and showed that ACAD-8 is an isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase and that both wild-type proteins are imported into mitochondria and form tetramers.
11013134|In conclusion, we report the first mutation in the SBCAD gene, show that it results in an isolated defect in isoleucine catabolism, and indicate that ACAD-8 is a mitochondrial enzyme that functions in valine catabolism.
11014821|The presence of the kinase on the cell membrane and in the nuclei of polytene salivary gland cells, as well as exclusion from the nuclei of specific cells, may be indicative of regulated kinase localization.
11014821|"The LAMMER protein kinase encoded by the Doa locus of Drosophila is required in both somatic and germline cells and is expressed as both nuclear and cytoplasmic isoforms throughout development."
11014821|We show here that DOA is expressed as at least two different protein isoforms of 105 and 55 kD throughout development, which are primarily localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively.
11015193|Subcellular fractionation experiments showed that both the N-myristoyl group and Ca(2+)-binding contribute to the ability of Frq1 to associate with membranes.
11017079|"Nuclear gene OPA1, encoding a mitochondrial dynamin-related protein, is mutated in dominant optic atrophy."
11017079|We describe here a nuclear gene, OPA1, that maps within the candidate region and encodes a dynamin-related protein localized to mitochondria.
11017080|The presence of consensus signal peptide sequences suggests that the product of the gene OPA1 is targeted to mitochondria and may exert its function in mitochondrial biogenesis and stabilization of mitochondrial membrane integrity.
11017100|CXCL16 contains a transmembrane domain and both membrane-bound and soluble forms are produced.
11024021|Like the other members of the transport receptor superfamily, RanBP16 interacts with the nuclear pore complex and is able to enter the nucleus independent of energy and additional nuclear transport receptors.
11025660|Cells transfected with a seven-transmembrane-domain receptor, OT7T022, specifically respond to synthetic hRFRP-1 and hRFRP-3 but not to hRFRP-2.
11027265|Fluorescence microscopy studies using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion proteins indicate that both yeast SmB and SmD1 basic amino acid stretches exhibit nuclear localization properties.
11031107|The tagged SEDL proteins localized to perinuclear structures that partly overlapped with the intermediate ER-Golgi compartment (ERGIC; or vesicular tubular complex, VTC).
11032868|This receptor, named GAR-2, consists of 614 amino acid residues and has seven putative transmembrane domains.
11034315|KCNE2 (MirP1) is a single transmembrane domain subunit first described to be a modulator of the HERG potassium channel in the heart.
11034343|Import studies showed that these proteins are routed to the thylakoid lumen by the Sec- and delta pH-dependent translocation pathways, respectively.
11034343|"A peroxidase homologue and novel plastocyanin located by proteomics to the Arabidopsis chloroplast thylakoid lumen."
11038172|gamma-Filamin, also called ABP-L, is a filamin isoform that is specifically expressed in striated muscles, where it is predominantly localized in myofibrillar Z-discs.
11038172|A minor fraction of the protein shows subsarcolemmal localization.
11042118|The protein was contained in membrane fractions of transfected CHO cells and occurred in a soluble form in the cell culture supernatants.
11042118|The enzyme might support glycosylation reactions in the Golgi apparatus and, when released from cells, might catalyse the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides.
11042118|The immunohistochemical analysis of transfected CHO and PC12 cells suggests that NTPDase6 is associated with the Golgi apparatus and to a small extent also with the plasma membrane.
11056532|Here we show that LIS1 protein co-immunoprecipitates with cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin, and localizes to the cell cortex and to mitotic kinetochores, which are known sites for binding of cytoplasmic dynein.
11058119|Here we report a novel cytoplasmic GTP-binding protein, designated XPA binding protein 1 (XAB1).
11058119|"A novel cytoplasmic GTPase XAB1 interacts with DNA repair protein XPA."
11058119|These results suggest that XAB1 is a novel cytoplasmic GTPase involved in nuclear localization of XPA.
11058119|Northern blot analysis showed that XAB1 mRNA is expressed ubiquitously, and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that XAB1 is localized mainly in the cytoplasm.
11058225|We applied high-resolution laser-scanning microscopy, electron microscopy, and non-radioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry to determine the cellular and intracellular localization of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase, the major brain-derived protein component of cerebrospinal fluid, and its mRNA in leptomeninges, choroid plexus, and parenchyma of the adult rat brain.
11058225|In the meningeal macrophages, prostaglandin D synthase was not found around the nucleus but in lysosomes in the cytoplasm, pointing to an uptake of the protein from the cerebrospinal fluid.
11058225|In the arachnoid trabecular cells, the immunoreactivity for prostaglandin D synthase was located in the nuclear envelope, Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles, indicating the active production and secretion of prostaglandin D synthase.
11060309|These results indicate that SM-20 is a novel mitochondrial protein that may be an important mediator of neurotrophin-withdrawal-mediated cell death.
11060309|"SM-20 is a novel mitochondrial protein that causes caspase-dependent cell death in nerve growth factor-dependent neurons."
11060309|We now report that SM-20 is a mitochondrial protein that promotes cell death through a caspase-dependent mechanism.
11060309|SM-20 immunofluorescence was present in the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern that colocalized with cytochrome oxidase I and with mitochondria-selective dyes.
11060316|Confocal microscopy of oocytes injected with green fluorescent protein-tagged rTHIK-1 or rTHIK-2 showed that both channel subunits are targeted to the outer membrane.
11060344|"Mitochondrial and peroxisomal targeting of 2-methylacyl-CoA racemase in humans."
11060344|The enzyme activity is found not only in peroxisomes but also is present in mitochondria of human liver and fibroblasts.
11062262|Pds5p binds to centromeric and arm sequences bound by Mcd1p.
11062262|"Pds5p is an essential chromosomal protein required for both sister chromatid cohesion and condensation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae."
11062262|However, Mcd1p localization to chromosomes is independent of Pds5p, which may reflect differences in their roles in cohesion.
11062262|Pds5p function is important for viability from S phase through mitosis and localizes to chromosomes during this cell cycle window, which encompasses the times when sister chromatid cohesion exists.
11063725|"The Fanconi anemia protein FANCF forms a nuclear complex with FANCA, FANCC and FANCG."
11063725|FANCF was found predominantly in the nucleus, where it complexes with FANCA, FANCC and FANCG.
11069657|We show that expression of bgs2+ is restricted to sporulation and that a bgs2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein localizes to the ascospore envelope.
11069779|Psh3p is localised to the endoplasmic reticulum of S. pombe cells, and strains lacking the psh3(+ )gene exhibit decreased rates of amino acid uptake due to reduced levels of functional permeases in the plasma membrane.
11069892|Chromatin immunoprecipitation shows that cohesin subunits are enriched in broad centromere regions and that the level of centromere-associated Rad21 did not change from metaphase to anaphase, very different from budding yeast.
11071879|The presence of an importin-beta N-terminal domain at their N-terminus, their size of approximately 110 kD, their nuclear localization and the identity of the homologue to a gene of a recently submitted RanGTP binding protein (RanBP16), suggest that its protein is a novel member of the importin-beta superfamily of nuclear transport receptors, therefore called RanBP17.
11071909|These isoforms are ubiquitously expressed at similar levels, exhibit the same GTP-binding properties, and are localized to the Golgi apparatus.
11071917|An ER-localized extracellular matrix binding-protein."
11071917|Using subcellular fractionation, Triton X-114 phase separation, protease protection assays, and immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), we have identified that FKBP65 is contained within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
11071917|Taken together, these results support an ER-localized FKBP65-tropoelastin interaction that occurs specifically during growth and development of tissues.
11071917|Subsequent IF studies colocalized FKBP65 with tropoelastin and showed that the two proteins dissociate before reaching the Golgi apparatus.
11073952|Interestingly, hRad21 at the metaphase centromeres appears to be present at the inner pairing domain where the two sister chromatids are supposed to be in intimate contact.
11073952|Most hRad21 is not associated with chromatin when the nuclear envelope breakdown takes place in prophase.
11073952|"Human chromatid cohesin component hRad21 is phosphorylated in M phase and associated with metaphase centromeres."
11073952|However, a detailed analysis of the spread chromosomes indicated that hRad21 remains associated with prometaphase-like chromosomes along their entire lengths.
11073952|hRad21 is a nuclear phosphorylated protein.
11073994|Additionally, fragments of rent2 were shown to possess nuclear targeting activity, although the native protein localizes to the cytoplasmic compartment.
11076973|"Lava lamp, a novel peripheral golgi protein, is required for Drosophila melanogaster cellularization."
11076973|Lva is a coiled-coil protein and, unlike other proteins previously implicated in cellularization or cytokinesis, it is Golgi associated.
11080599|Green fluorescent protein-fusions of both IMUP-1 and IMUP-2 accumulated in the nucleus of HeLa cells.
11080599|The nuclear localization of IMUP-1 and IMUP-2 as well as the upregulation of both underlying mRNAs in immortalized cells suggest a function in immortalization.
11080599|The C-terminus of IMUP-1 contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal, the deletion of which impaired nuclear translocation.
11081517|Our results highlight a mechanism for transcriptional regulation through signal- and differentiation-dependent nuclear export of a chromatin-remodelling enzyme, and suggest that nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking of HDACs is involved in the control of cellular differentiation.
11081517|Here we show that HDAC5 shuttles from the nucleus to the cytoplasm when myoblasts are triggered to differentiate.
11082042|We postulate that its localization enables cathepsin K to contribute to the extracellular proteolysis of thyroglobulin, i.e. thyroid hormone liberation, at the apical surface of thyroid epithelial cells in situ.
11082042|The localization of cathepsin K was not restricted to lysosomes.
11082042|Rather, secreted cathepsin K was predominantly found within the follicular lumen and in association with the apical plasma membrane of thyroid epithelial cells.
11083877|"Identification of the human mitochondrial oxodicarboxylate carrier.
11087630|"Identification of a novel isoform of poly(A) polymerase, TPAP, specifically present in the cytoplasm of spermatogenic cells."
11087630|We have identified cDNA clones encoding a testis-specific poly(A) polymerase, termed TPAP, a candidate molecule responsible for cytoplasmic polyadenylation of preexisting mRNAs in male haploid germ cells.
11087630|Moreover, an affinity-purified antibody against the 12-residue C-terminal sequence of TPAP recognized a 70-kDa protein in the cytoplasm of spermatogenic cells.
11087630|These results suggest that TPAP may participate in the additional extension of mRNA poly(A) tails in the cytoplasm of male germ cells, and may play an important role in spermiogenesis, probably through the stabilization of mRNAs.
11094092|Immunolocalization of Suv39h2 protein during spermatogenesis indicates enriched distribution at the heterochromatin from the leptotene to the round spermatid stage.
11095640|"Characterization of ANKRA, a novel ankyrin repeat protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of megalin."
11095640|By cell fractionation, ANKRA is found both in the cytosol and associated with membranes enriched in megalin in L2 cells and proximal tubule cells.
11095640|By immunofluorescence, ANKRA is concentrated near megalin along the plasma membrane of L2 cells and in the kidney cortex is expressed in glomerular and proximal tubule epithelia which also express megalin.
11095640|Ankyrin-repeat family A protein (ANKRA) is a novel protein that interacts directly and specifically with the cytoplasmic tail of megalin in the yeast two-hybrid system and glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assays.
11095735|These observations indicate that the Mnn9p-containing mannosyltransferase complexes cycle back and forth between the ER and Golgi.
11095735|Members of the Mnn9p-containing complexes were incorporated into COPII vesicles made in vitro from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes isolated from cycloheximide-treated cells.
11095735|In this situation, specific relocation of the proteins from the Golgi to the ER was observed in the absence of new protein synthesis.
11095982|The novel intronless gene, provisionally named C14orf4 and probably encoding a nuclear protein, was excluded from being the ARVD1 gene.
11102458|Neurobeachin is peripherally associated with pleomorphic tubulovesicular endomembranes near the trans sides of Golgi stacks and throughout the cell body and cell processes.
11102458|It is also found in a subpopulation of synapses, where it is concentrated at the postsynaptic plasma membrane.
11102458|These observations indicate that neurobeachin binding to membranes close to the trans-Golgi requires an ADP-ribosylation factor-like GTPase, possibly in association with a novel type of protein coat.
11103777|Timed localization studies revealed that TMS1-induced apoptosis was accompanied by the redistribution of TMS1 from the cytoplasm to perinuclear spherical structures.
11105911|In caput epididymidis, staining was evident throughout the cell cytoplasm of principal cells with some cells more intensely stained than adjacent ones.
11110709|The major BAL complementary DNA encodes a previously uncharacterized 88-kd nuclear protein with a duplicated N-terminal domain homologous to the nonhistone portion of histone-macroH2A and a C-terminal alpha-helical region with 2 short coiled-coil domains.
11112701|"A novel nucleolar G-protein conserved in eukaryotes."
11112701|Together these data suggest that NOG1 may play an important role in nucleolar functions.
11112701|TbNOG1 localized to the trypanosome nucleolus and interacted with domains of NOPP44/46 that are found in several other nucleolar proteins.
11113132|The murine green fluorescent protein-prohepcidin protein was exclusively localized in the nucleus.
11113132|When the putative nuclear localization signal was deleted, the resulting protein was addressed to the cytoplasm.
11113208|This strategy led to the cloning of a nuclear protein referred to as CIA (coactivator independent of AF-2 function) that possesses both repressor and activator functions.
11114162|We also show that SPR-2 is a nuclear protein and is a member of a protein subfamily that includes human SET, which has been identified in numerous different biochemical assays and at translocation breakpoints associated with a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia.
11114524|The relevance of this interaction in vivo is supported by the finding that FIE and MEA co-localise in the nucleus in transfected plant cells.
11115394|Taken together, our results strongly suggest that two distinct multiprotein complexes are present within the nuclei of C(2)C(12) cells: one containing Msx3 and HDAC(s) and another containing Msx3 and CBP and/or p300.
11115394|Finally, we show that Msx3 and HDAC1 can be co-immunoprecipitated in a complex that does not contain CBP and that Msx3 and HDAC1 proteins are co-localized in the nucleus.
11115844|Marenostrin-fl is homogeneously distributed over the entire cytoplasm, whereas marenostrin-d2 concentrates into the nucleus.
11115844|"Alternative splicing at the MEFV locus involved in familial Mediterranean fever regulates translocation of the marenostrin/pyrin protein to the nucleus."
11115844|Deletion of the putative nuclear localization signals (NLS) does not alter the nuclear localization of marenostrin-d2 whereas, despite the lack of discernible NLS in the domain encoded by the exon 1-exon 3 splice junction, deletion of this domain indeed disrupts this localization.
11115844|However, recent transient expression studies indicated a perinuclear cytoplasmic localization.
11115844|These data, which challenge the current domain organization model of marenostrin, strongly suggest that MEFV encodes a nuclear protein and raises the possibility that MEFV alternative splicing may control functions of wild-type and mutant marenostrin proteins by regulating their translocation to the nucleus.
11115844|Based on its primary structure, this 781 residue protein is thought to function as a nuclear effector molecule.
11124544|A fusion protein consisting of the GFP (green fluorescent protein) and the ORF of human NIF3L1 showed a localization of the predicted protein in the cytoplasm.
11125015|Prestin incorporation in the plasma membrane begins from postnatal day 0 and increases progressively in a time course coinciding with that of electromotility.
11125015|GLUT-5 is not incorporated into the lateral plasma membrane of apical OHCs until postnatal day 15.
11125015|We used antibodies specific for these two proteins to show that they are highly expressed in the lateral membrane of OHCs.
11139332|In fact, cystatin B is found mainly in the nucleus of proliferating cells and both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm of differentiated cells, while cathepsin B, in either case, is essentially cytoplasmic.
11139332|However, colocalization of cystatin and cathepsin B is observed in the isolated cell matrix and in the nuclear scaffold of differentiated neuroblastoma cells but not of proliferating cells.
11139332|"Nuclear localization of cystatin B, the cathepsin inhibitor implicated in myoclonus epilepsy (EPM1)."
11139402|The presence of mitochondrial carrier domains in the human protein, its transmembrane topology and cold-induction of the mouse CGI-69 gene in BAT prompted an analysis of the idea that CGI-69 may represent a new uncoupling protein (UCP) functional homologue.
11139402|However, transfection of human CGI-69 isoforms in HEK-293 cells yielded no change in mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)), despite localization of FLAG-tagged CGI-69 to mitochondria of MCF7 cells.
11146660|"Human Zw10 and ROD are mitotic checkpoint proteins that bind to kinetochores."
11149918|The protein accumulates in the nucleus in G2 and is mobilized onto the spindle pole bodies and spindle midzone at anaphase onset, where it persists into midanaphase.
11149918|The localization of Esp1 to the spindle apparatus, analyzed by live cell imaging, is regulated in a manner consistent with a function during anaphase B.
11149918|In agreement, Pds1 interacts with the spindle at the metaphase-anaphase transition and a fraction remains at the spindle pole bodies and the spindle midzone in anaphase cells.
11149918|Association with Pds1 occurs during S phase and is required for efficient nuclear targeting of Esp1.
11150526|Transient expression analysis showed that GFP-Papt fusion protein is present both in the nucleus and cytoplasm of HeLa cells.
11158296|Leu5p is inserted into the mitochondrial inner membrane along the specialized import pathway used by carrier proteins.
11158296|"The yeast mitochondrial carrier Leu5p and its human homologue Graves' disease protein are required for accumulation of coenzyme A in the matrix."
11161051|"Purification and Characterization of the Preprotein Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane from Arabidopsis.
11161051|The translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex is a preprotein translocase that mediates transport of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins across the outer mitochondrial membrane.
11161810|We characterize the cDNA and genomic structure of NSBP1, and demonstrate that it is a nuclear protein and the homologue of mouse Nsbp1, which is known to encode a nucleosomal binding and transcriptional activating protein related to the HMG-14/-17 chromosomal proteins.
11162572|WDC146 protein was found to be localized in nucleus.
11163216|Rip11 is enriched in polarized epithelial cells where, like Rab11, it is localized to subapical recycling endosomes (ARE) and the apical plasma membrane.
11165249|We report here that a GFP-Kcc4 fusion protein is localized at the bud neck and that the non-kinase domain is required for this localization.
11169526|"Expression of transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 in mouse and human tissues."
11175790|In two other families affected with both DGI1 and DFNA39, however, we identified two independent nucleotide transversions in exons 2 and 3 of DSPP, respectively, that cause missense mutations of two adjacent amino-acid residues in the predicted transmembrane region of the protein.
11179419|"Characterization of syntenin, a syndecan-binding PDZ protein, as a component of cell adhesion sites and microfilaments."
11179419|In cell fractionation experiments, syntenin partitions between the cytosol and microsomes.
11179419|Immunofluorescence microscopy localizes endogenous and epitope-tagged syntenin to cell adhesion sites, microfilaments, and the nucleus.
11179419|These results suggest a role for syntenin in the composition of adherens junctions and the regulation of plasma membrane dynamics, and imply a potential role for syntenin in nuclear processes.
11226231|We have characterized a human cDNA encoding a member of the family of mitochondrial carriers.
11226231|"The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals."
11231285|The present study confirms recent reports that in plants IVD activity resides in mitochondria and opens the way to a more detailed study of amino-acid catabolism in plant development.
11231285|"Purification, characterization and cloning of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase from higher plant mitochondria."
11237715|Dorfin is localized in the centrosome and probably functions in the microtubule organizing centers.
11237715|"A novel centrosomal ring-finger protein, dorfin, mediates ubiquitin ligase activity."
11237869|"Differential expression of chicken dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 (DcoH) and its novel counterpart, DcoHalpha."
11238374|"Caenorhabditis eleans mre-11 is required for meiotic recombination and DNA repair but is dispensable for the meiotic G(2) DNA damage checkpoint."
11238404|In contrast, Abp1p was detected in both centromeric heterochromatin and in chromatin at two of three replication origins tested.
11238404|Cbh2p was localized to the central core and core-associated repeat regions of centromeric heterochromatin, but not at several other centromeric and arm locations tested.
11238404|Thus, like its mammalian counterpart, Cbh2p appeared to be localized exclusively to a portion of centromeric heterochromatin.
11238726|Direct binding of fibulin-1 to the secreted form of APP (sAPP) was demonstrated with a pull-down assay using fragments of both fibulin-1 fused with glutathione-S transferase and sAPP, produced in bacteria and yeast, respectively.
11238944|We identified the second subunit of Isw2 complex, encoded by open reading frame YGL 133w (herein named ITC1), and found that both subunits of the complex, Isw2p and Itc1p, are essential for efficient interaction with DNA and nucleosomal arrays.
11238944|"Interactions of Isw2 chromatin remodeling complex with nucleosomal arrays: analyses using recombinant yeast histones and immobilized templates."
11238944|We found that Isw2 complex interacts efficiently with both naked DNA and nucleosomal arrays in an ATP-independent manner, suggesting that ATP is required at steps subsequent to this physical interaction.
11243866|A subcellular fractionation study indicated that Slp1-3 proteins are peripheral membrane proteins.
11248056|Interferon (IFN) treatment induces tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Stat1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) to activate or repress transcription.
11248059|The mitochondrial localization and the presence of RGS domains in D-AKAP2 may have important implications for its function in PKA and G protein signal transduction.
11248059|D-AKAP2 from all three species is highly enriched in mitochondria.
11248059|"Cloning and mitochondrial localization of full-length D-AKAP2, a protein kinase A anchoring protein."
11248244|Endogenous and recombinant NMNAT were phosphorylated in nuclear extracts in the presence of [gamma-(32)P]ATP.
11248244|"Characterization of recombinant human nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase (NMNAT), a nuclear enzyme essential for NAD synthesis."
11248244|A putative nuclear localization signal was confirmed by immunofluorescence studies.
11248244|We propose that NMNAT's activity or interaction with nuclear proteins are likely to be modulated by phosphorylation.
11255007|There is a transmembrane domain at amino acid positions 468-482 suggesting that the product of ERGL is a type-I membrane protein.
11255007|In prostate there are two fully processed transcripts one of which is a splice variant with a deletion in the region of the transmembrane domain of the protein.
11262185|Moreover, hrp65-3 is associated with cytoplasmic actin fibers.
11262185|In transient transfection assays, hrp65-1 is efficiently targetted to the nucleus, whereas hrp65-2 and hrp65-3 localize mainly to the cytoplasm.
11262185|Hrp65, a protein with two conserved RNA-binding domains, has been identified in Chironomus tentans as a component of nuclear fibers associated with ribonucleoprotein particles in transit from the gene to the nuclear pore.
11262386|Stimulation with ET-1 resulted in the internalization of ETA to the perinuclear compartment and simultaneously in the efflux of Tip60 and HDAC7 from the nucleus to the same perinuclear compartment where each protein co-localized with the receptor.
11262386|In the absence of ET-1, Tip60 and HDAC7 were localized mainly in the cell nucleus while ETA was predominantly confined to the plasma membrane.
11267660|Kremen is likely to be a type-I transmembrane protein composed of 473 amino acid residues.
11267660|"Molecular cloning and characterization of Kremen, a novel kringle-containing transmembrane protein."
11267893|The transcript, which is male-specific and expressed only in the ejaculatory bulb, encodes a 377 a.a. predicted secreted protein with PGG repeats similar to those in homopolymer-forming proteins found in spider silk.
11268216|However, a transmembrane receptor kinase, brassinosteroid-insensitive1 (BRI1), has been implicated in brassinosteroid responses.
11268216|"BRI1 is a critical component of a plasma-membrane receptor for plant steroids."
11274051|"A mutation in a mitochondrial transmembrane protein is responsible for the pleiotropic hematological and skeletal phenotype of flexed-tail (f/f) mice."
11274051|To clone the f gene, we used positional cloning techniques, and identified a frameshift mutation in a mitochondrial transmembrane protein.
11274062|The sequences of these genes and their nuclear location as seen with GFP fusions indicate that they repress transcription of touch cell characteristics in the FLP cells.
11274163|We also demonstrate that the consensus nuclear localization signal of AIRE is functional and that the HSR domain harbors a nuclear export signal.
11274163|At the cellular level, AIRE is located in microtubular structures of the cytoskeleton and in discrete nuclear dots resembling ND10 nuclear bodies.
11274192|Both Ctr4 and Ctr5 are integral membrane proteins, are co-regulated by copper levels and the copper-sensing transcription factor Cuf1, physically associate in vivo, are interdependent for secretion to the plasma membrane, and are each essential for high affinity copper transport.
11278501|"Gaf-1, a gamma -SNAP-binding protein associated with the mitochondria."
11278501|Only a fraction of gamma-SNAP was mitochondrial with the balance being either cytosolic or associated with other membrane fractions.
11278501|Subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence analysis show that Gaf-1 is peripherally associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane.
11278501|This reticular structure colocalizes with Gaf-1 and mitochondria as well as with microtubules but not with other cytoskeletal elements.
11278853|The expression of JFC1 in neutrophils was restricted to the plasma membrane/secretory vesicle fraction.
11278871|OSBP1 is detected mainly in the soluble or cytosolic fraction and nuclei whereas OSBP2 is detected exclusively in the detergent soluble fraction suggesting association with membranes.
11278945|Finally, the EMILIN-2 protein is secreted extracellularly by in vitro-grown cells, and in accordance with the partial coexpression in fetal and adult tissues, the two proteins shown extensive but not absolute immunocolocalization in vitro.
11279150|Full-length epimerase is predicted to have a type II transmembrane topology with a 17-amino acid transmembrane domain and an 11-amino acid cytoplasmic tail.
11279150|The amino-terminally truncated epimerase does not localize to any cellular compartment, whereas the full-length enzyme is in the Golgi, where heparan sulfate synthesis is thought to occur.
11279150|"Cloning, Golgi localization, and enzyme activity of the full-length heparin/heparan sulfate-glucuronic acid C5-epimerase."
11279209|The nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of HDAC7 and other class-II HDACs during myogenesis provides an ideal mechanism for the regulation of HDAC targets during mammalian development and differentiation.
11279209|Furthermore, we show that induction of muscle differentiation by serum withdrawal leads to the translocation of HDAC7 from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
11285285|EPI64 colocalizes with EBP50 and ezrin in syncytiotrophoblast and cultured cell microvilli, and this localization in cultured cells is abolished by introduction of the DTYLA mutation.
11290321|Transient nuclear localization of Dnmt1o in 8-cell embryos suggests that this variant of Dnmt1 provides maintenance methyltransferase activity specifically at imprinted loci during the fourth embryonic S phase.
11292827|Taken together, our findings indicate that hSec34p is part of a peripheral membrane protein complex localized on cis/medial Golgi cisternae where it may participate in tethering intra-Golgi transport vesicles.
11292827|Affinity-purified antibodies raised against the human SEC34 protein (hSec34p) recognized a cellular protein of 94 kDa in both soluble and membrane fractions.
11292827|Green fluorescent protein-hSec34 expressed in HeLa cells was restricted to Golgi cisternae, and its membrane association was sensitive to brefeldin A treatment.
11292827|Like yeast Sec34p, cytosolic hSec34p migrated with an apparent molecular mass of 300 kDa on a glycerol velocity gradient, suggesting that it is part of a protein complex.
11292827|Immunofluorescence microscopy localized hSec34p to the Golgi compartment in cells of all species examined, where it co-localized well with the cis/medial Golgi marker membrin and partially co-localized with cis-Golgi network marker p115 and trans-Golgi marker TGN38.
11292827|"Identification of a human orthologue of Sec34p as a component of the cis-Golgi vesicle tethering machinery."
11294889|"Mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein is required for mitochondrial DNA replication and development in Drosophila melanogaster."
11294889|We have isolated a new mutant in the lopo (low power) gene from Drosophila melanogaster affecting the mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein (mtSSB), which is one of the key components in mtDNA replication and maintenance.
11294895|This nuclear localization persists during conjugation and meiosis.
11294895|We also report that, when fission yeasts are challenged with nitrogen starvation, Spo20 translocates to the nucleus.
11294895|On completion of meiosis, Spo20 translocates to forespore membranes, and it is the assembly of forespore membranes that is abnormal in spo20-KC104 cells.
11294895|Consistent with a direct role for Spo20 in controlling cell septation in vegetatively growing cells, localization experiments reveal that Spo20 preferentially localizes to the cell poles and to sites of septation of fission yeast cells.
11296287|"Candidate tumor suppressor HYAL2 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell-surface receptor for jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus, the envelope protein of which mediates oncogenic transformation."
11296287|HYAL2 was previously described as a lysosomal hyaluronidase, but we show that HYAL2 is actually a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell-surface protein.
11302728|Human AE4 shares 84% identity with the recently reported rabbit AE4, a sodium independent, Cl(-)/HCO(-)(3) exchanger located on the apical membrane of beta-intercalated kidney cells.
11305939|The predicted protein of 990 amino acids has 12 transmembrane domains and high sequence similarity to other NBCs.
11311162|"Germline and developmental roles of the nuclear transport factor importin alpha3 in C. elegans."
11313133|Here we report the localization of the major sheath protein (Msp)A protein in T. maltophilum by immunogold electron microscopy and its expression.
11313133|"Outer sheath associated proteins of the oral spirochete Treponema maltophilum."
11313143|The florescence microscope results indicated that the hPFTAIRE1 exhibits cytoplasmic distribution.
11316813|Finally, fluorescent protein-labeled G9a was shown to be localized in the nucleus but not in the repressive chromatin domains of centromeric loci, in which Suv39 h1 family proteins were localized.
11316846|"Identification of a novel nuclear guanosine triphosphate-binding protein differentially expressed in renal disease."
11316846|CRFG was localized selectively in the nucleus of human and rodent cells, as determined by immunocytochemistry and green fluorescence fusion protein.
11319255|Eukaryotes that lack mitochondria also lack PDH, using instead the O(2)-sensitive enzyme pyruvate : ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO), which is localized either in the cytosol or in hydrogenosomes.
11319255|Most eukaryotes perform the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in mitochondria using pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH).
11319255|Cloning and analysis of Euglena PNO revealed that the cDNA encodes a mitochondrial transit peptide followed by an N-terminal PFO domain that is fused to a C-terminal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) domain.
11319255|The facultatively anaerobic mitochondria of the photosynthetic protist Euglena gracilis constitute a hitherto unique exception in that these mitochondria oxidize pyruvate with the O(2)-sensitive enzyme pyruvate : NADP oxidoreductase (PNO).
11325926|"Forespore-specific transcription of the lonB gene during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis."
11325926|Second, the fluorescence of strains harboring a lonB-gfp fusion was confined to the prespore compartment and depended on sigma(F) production.
11327720|Nucleolar protein p40/EBP2 is a proliferation-associated antigen that interacts with Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) to maintain the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) episomes.
11331607|The COB protein was detected predominately on the longitudinal sides of root cells in the zone of rapid elongation.
11331607|The COB gene, identified by map-based cloning, contains a sequence motif found in proteins that are anchored to the extracellular surface of the plasma membrane through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage.
11344099|"Identification of a specific sperm nuclei selenoenzyme necessary for protamine thiol cross-linking during sperm maturation.
11350071|It was localized in mitochondria as expected.
11350956|The endoplasmic reticulum membrane localization of the MR was observed upon coexpression only with 11beta-HSD2, but not with 11beta-HSD1 or other steroid-metabolizing enzymes.
11350956|However, when coexpressed with 11beta-HSD2, the MR displayed a reticular distribution pattern, suggesting association with 11beta-HSD2 at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
11350956|Aldosterone induced rapid nuclear translocation of the MR, whereas moderate cortisol concentrations (10-200 nm) did not activate the receptor, due to 11beta-HSD2-dependent oxidation to cortisone.
11350956|Compromised 11beta-HSD2 activity (due to genetic mutations, the presence of inhibitors, or saturating cortisol concentrations) led to cortisol-induced nuclear accumulation of the MR.
11350956|When expressed alone in the absence of hormones, the MR was both cytoplasmic and nuclear.
11352569|RTP/Drg1/Cap43/rit42/TDD5/Ndr1/NDRG1 (referred to as NDRG1 hereafter) is a cytoplasmic protein involved in stress responses, hormone responses, cell growth, and differentiation.
11352848|In contrast to the labeling pattern seen in cortex, alpha-ENaC labeling in IMCD cells was distributed throughout the cytoplasm.
11352848|Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the presence of ENaC subunits in both the apical plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles.
11352848|alpha-ENaC was localized mainly in a zone in the apical domains, whereas beta- and gamma-ENaC were found throughout the cytoplasm.
11352848|As seen in CCD, alpha-ENaC was present in a narrow zone near the apical plasma membrane, whereas beta- and gamma-ENaC were dispersed throughout the cytoplasm.
11353870|Here, with the molecular cloning of Painting of fourth (Pof), we describe a previously uncharacterized gene encoding a chromosome-specific protein in Drosophila.
11353870|Chromosome translocation analysis shows that the binding depends on an initiation site in the proximal region of chromosome 4 and spreads in cis to involve the entire chromosome.
11356193|The Hcc-1 protein was localized to the cell nucleus while the gene was localized to chromosome 7q22.1.
11356193|"An integrated approach in the discovery and characterization of a novel nuclear protein over-expressed in liver and pancreatic tumors."
11359917|These results establish that Gyp1p functions on the Golgi as a negative regulator of Ypt1p.
11359917|"Yeast rab GTPase-activating protein Gyp1p localizes to the Golgi apparatus and is a negative regulator of Ypt1p."
11359917|Red fluorescent protein-tagged Gyp1p is concentrated on cytoplasmic punctate structures that largely colocalize with a cis-Golgi marker.
11368788|Neuroligins, first discovered in rat brain, form a family of three synaptically enriched membrane proteins.
11374862|Mouse EBAG9 cDNA encodes a protein that contains the transmenbrane segment and coiled-coil domain.
11374908|Subcellular localizations of their putative proteins were determined as being in the cytoplasm for C3orf3 and in the cytoplasm and nucleus for MMGL.
11375982|Although some calpain 10 was detectable in the water-soluble protein fraction of these tissues, it was preferentially found in the water-insoluble fraction.
11375982|After the elevation of intracellular calcium levels with ionomycin, calpain 10 protein levels in the nucleus of alphaTN4-1 cells increased markedly, whereas those in the cytoplasm decreased.
11375982|In the lens epithelium-derived cell line, alphaTN4-1, the calpain 10 protein was found in a punctate distribution in the cell nucleus as well as the cytoplasm.
11375982|In the lens, immunohistochemistry revealed that calpain 10 was predominately located in the cytoplasm of epithelial and newly differentiating lens fibers at the transition zone.
11375982|A novel ubiquitous calpain with nuclear localization."
11375982|However, calpain 10 was found to be associated with the plasma membrane of differentiated lens fiber cells and the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle.
11375982|In conclusion, calpain 10 seems to be a ubiquitous calpain, the expression level and subcellular distribution of which are dynamically influenced by calcium.
11386753|Calmin cDNA encodes 1021 amino acids with two calponin homology (CH) domains in tandem on the N-terminal side and a transmembrane domain on the C-terminal side.
11386753|"Calmin, a protein with calponin homology and transmembrane domains expressed in maturing spermatogenic cells."
11386753|Among the proteins with the tandem CH domains, calmin is unique in having a transmembrane domain.
11389890|We have shown that the cDNA encodes a lipoic acid synthase by its ability to complement a mutant of Escherichia coli defective in lipoic acid synthase and that mLIP1 is targeted into the mitochondria.
11389890|"Do mammalian cells synthesize lipoic acid? Identification of a mouse cDNA encoding a lipoic acid synthase located in mitochondria."
11389890|Identification of a mouse cDNA encoding a lipoic acid synthase located in mitochondria."
11397012|TAN contains consensus nuclear localization sites and binds DNA in vitro.
11397012|In salivary glands, TAN is predominantly nuclear and associates with 66 euchromatic sites on polytene chromosomes, more than half of which overlap with ASX.
11406279|"Isolation and characterization of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe cDNA encoding the mitochondrial endonuclease(1)."
11406279|We isolated the cDNA of the fission yeast mitochondrial endonuclease SpNUC1, which consists of 322 amino acids and has a significant homology with the budding yeast NUC1 and mammalian endonuclease G.
11406279|The enzyme localization in mitochondria was demonstrated by expressing the SpNUC1-green fluorescent protein fusion in the yeast.
11407985|Frizzled genes encode a family of Wnt ligand receptors, which have a conserved cysteine-rich Wnt binding domain and include both transmembrane and secreted forms.
11408574|"Dual targeting of Osh1p, a yeast homologue of oxysterol-binding protein, to both the Golgi and the nucleus-vacuole junction."
11408574|In contrast, OSBP is a peripheral protein of Golgi membranes, and its PH domain targets to the trans-Golgi network of mammalian cells.
11408574|Examination of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion to Osh1p revealed a striking dual localization with the protein present on both the late Golgi, and in the recently described nucleus-vacuole (NV) junction.
11416127|Nuclear localization coincides temporally with apoptosis.
11416127|Both PLIP and Tip60 coimmunoprecipitate and colocalize with cPLA(2) within the nuclei of transfected COS cells.
11416127|The group IV cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) has been localized to the nucleus (M. R. Sierra-Honigmann, J. R. Bradley, and J. S. Pober, Lab. Investig. 74:684-695, 1996) and is known to translocate from the cytosolic compartment to the nuclear membrane (S. Glover, M. S. de Carvalho, T. Bayburt, M. Jonas, E. Chi, C. C. Leslie, and M. H. Gelb, J. Biol. Chem. 270:15359-15367, 1995; A. R. Schievella, M. K. Regier, W. L. Smith, and L. L. Lin, J. Biol. Chem. 270:30749-30754, 1995).
11416127|Endogenous Tip60 and/or PLIP in rat mesangial cells is localized to the nucleus in response to serum deprivation.
11418599|Because the kinase-inactive mutant of TESK2 was localized in the cytoplasm, nuclear/cytoplasmic localization of TESK2 depends on its kinase activity.
11418599|In HeLa cells, TESK1 was localized mainly in the cytoplasm, whereas TESK2 was localized mainly in the nucleus, which means that TESK1 and TESK2 likely have distinct cellular functions.
11430900|Differentiated PC12 cells also showed nuclear and cytoplasmic localization.
11430900|Immunohistochemistry showed not only marked nuclear staining but also mild cytoplasmic localization.
11430900|Interestingly, maximal cytoplasmic CPD1/PP2A colocalization was observed near cell membrane regions that are far from growing neurites, and on growing cones.
11431482|"Adiponutrin, a Transmembrane Protein Corresponding to a Novel Dietary- and Obesity-linked mRNA Specifically Expressed in the Adipose Lineage."
11431482|We report here on the identification and cloning of a novel adipose-specific cDNA encoding a predicted membrane protein of 413 amino acids.
11431482|Western blot and confocal imagery analyses with epitope-tagged protein transiently expressed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and COS cells show that adiponutrin strictly localizes to membranes and is absent from the cytosol.
11432827|"Fission yeast ch-TOG/XMAP215 homologue Alp14 connects mitotic spindles with the kinetochore and is a component of the Mad2-dependent spindle checkpoint."
11432827|This is supported by ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) and overlapping localization with the kinetochore marker Mis6.
11432827|Live imaging of Alp14-green fluorescent protein shows that during mitosis, Alp14 is associated with the peripheral region of the kinetochores as well as with the spindle poles.
11434463|Analysis of subcellular localization of AOX2 using green fluorescent protein indicated that the AOX2 protein is imported into the mitochondria.
11437348|We have recently demonstrated that RLIP76, a Ral-binding GTPase activating protein mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione (GSH) conjugates of electrophiles (GS-E) as well as doxorubicin (DOX), and that it is identical with DNP-SG ATPase, a GS-E transporter previously characterized by us in erythrocyte membranes (Awasthi et al. Biochemistry 39, 9327-9334).
11437348|Immunohistochemical studies using a fluorescent probe showed association of RLIP76 with erythrocyte membrane, which was consistent with its transport function.
11439182|Myocardin belongs to the SAP domain family of nuclear proteins and activates cardiac muscle promoters by associating with SRF.
11439182|"Activation of cardiac gene expression by myocardin, a transcriptional cofactor for serum response factor."
11440538|"The Human Achaete Scute Homolog 2 gene contains two promotors, generating overlapping transcripts and encoding two proteins with different nuclear localization."
11440538|Analysis of protein expression from both transcripts by transfection studies with eGFP fusion proteins, revealed that both coding regions are translated from their endogenous translation initiation site and showed that both proteins are transported to the nucleus.
11440538|HASH2 is distributed throughout the nucleus but the HASAP protein is transported into nuclear compartments, the nucleoli.
11442631|An HA-tagged protein of Yil051cp is localized strictly in mitochondria, while that of Yer057cp is found in both cytoplasm and nucleus.
11444877|EGFP-SH3BGRL3 fusion protein expressed in COS-7 cells localizes both to the nucleus and to the cytoplasm.
11447128|Based on these results, together with the localization of Meu13p on meiotic chromatin, we propose that Meu13p directly promotes proper homologous pairing and recombination.
11452313|"Mitochondrial endonuclease G is important for apoptosis in C. elegans."
11452313|cps-6 encodes a homologue of human mitochondrial endonuclease G, and its protein product similarly localizes to mitochondria in C. elegans.
11453556|HsINCENP encodes a highly basic protein of 915 amino acids that localizes to metaphase chromosomes and to the mitotic spindle and equatorial cortex at anaphase.
11453556|Here we demonstrate that, consistent with such an interaction, the two proteins colocalize on human metaphase chromosomes.
11453556|"Human INCENP colocalizes with the Aurora-B/AIRK2 kinase on chromosomes and is overexpressed in tumour cells."
11453652|Arpp protein is composed of 333 amino acids and contains four ankyrin-like repeat motifs in the middle portion of the protein, a PEST-like sequence and a lysine-rich sequence similar to a nuclear localization signal in the N-terminal region, and a proline-rich region containing consensus phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal region.
11454873|TANK2 interacted with TRF1 in yeast and in vitro and localized predominantly to a perinuclear region, similar to the properties of TANK1.
11459787|Although follistatin-related protein, like follistatin, possesses a signal sequence and no known nuclear localization signals, its secretion was undetectable in most cell lines by RIA.
11459787|"Human follistatin-related protein: a structural homologue of follistatin with nuclear localization."
11459787|Intriguingly, follistatin-related protein was identified as a nuclear protein in human granulosa cells and all human cell lines tested.
11459787|We conclude that despite its remarkably high level of similarity to follistatin with regard to structure and activin binding kinetics, follistatin-related protein is a nuclear as well as a secretory protein that may perform distinct intracellular actions.
11459787|Furthermore, Western analyses of CHO cells transfected with human follistatin-related protein revealed this protein to reside within the insoluble nuclear protein fraction.
11461926|PGRP-L, PGRP-Ialpha, and PGRP-Ibeta have 576, 341, and 373 amino acids coded by five, seven, and eight exons on chromosomes 19 and 1, and they all have two predicted transmembrane domains.
11463338|STIM1 codes for a transmembrane phosphoprotein whose structure is unrelated to that of any other known proteins.
11468188|"The familial Mediterranean fever protein, pyrin, associates with microtubules and colocalizes with actin filaments."
11468188|By phalloidin staining, a colocalization of pyrin with actin was also observed in perinuclear filaments and in peripheral lamellar ruffles.
11468188|Instead fluorescence microscopy demonstrated colocalization of full-length GFP- and epitope-tagged pyrin with microtubules; this was markedly accentuated in paclitaxel-treated cells.
11470791|In C2C12 myoblasts, endogenous histone deacetylase HDAC4 shuttles between cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, supporting the hypothesis that its subcellular localization is dynamically regulated.
11470791|CaMKIV phosphorylates HDAC4 in vitro and promotes its nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling in vivo.
11470791|Rather, the HDAC4.14-3-3 complex exists in the nucleus and is required to confer CaMKIV responsiveness.
11470791|However, upon differentiation, this dynamic equilibrium is disturbed and we find that HDAC4 accumulates in the nuclei of myotubes, suggesting a positive role of nuclear HDAC4 in muscle differentiation.
11473580|Ypel1 localizes to the nucleus, and transfection into fibroblasts induces an epithelial-like transition, which is accompanied by alterations to the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion machinery.
11473580|"Ypel1: a novel nuclear protein that induces an epithelial-like morphology in fibroblasts."
11478810|Finally, ST2V protein was detected on the plasma membrane of COS7 cells, which had been transfected with ST2V cDNA, by confocal laser microscopic analysis.
11478810|Subcellular fractionation analysis showed that ST2V protein was distributed in the insoluble fraction of the cell lysate.
11478810|These findings taken together, indicate that ST2V protein localizes on the plasma membrane, suggesting its possible role in modification of the ST2L-signaling pathways.
11478810|The human ST2 gene has been known to encode three splice variants; namely, a soluble secreted form of ST2, a transmembrane form of ST2L, and ST2V of undetermined localization.
11483358|GFP-Mta1 was found exclusively in the nucleus while GFP-Mta3 was present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm.
11483358|The results of transient expression experiments of various Mta1 fragments containing these domains in different combinations indicated that nuclear localization of Mta1 depended on the presence of at least one NLS and one SH3 binding site.
11488599|The 34-kDa plasma membrane-associated form of the protein contains no strongly hydrophobic regions and is not transmembrane.
11488599|Disulfide-thiol interchange proteins with hydroquinone (NADH) oxidase activities (designated NOX for plasma membrane-associated NADH oxidases) occur as extrinsic membrane proteins associated with the plasma membrane at the outer cell surface.
11495919|Taken together, we could conclude that ASK1 controls the dual function of Daxx as a transcriptional repressor in the nucleus and as a proapoptotic signal mediator in the cytoplasm.
11495919|"Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 controls the proapoptotic function of death-associated protein (Daxx) in the cytoplasm."
11495919|ASK1 sequestered Daxx in the cytoplasm and inhibited the repressive activity of Daxx in transcription.
11495919|Although Daxx (death-associated protein) was first reported to mediate the apoptotic signal from Fas to JNK in the cytoplasm, other data suggested that Daxx is mainly located in the nucleus as a transcriptional regulator.
11495919|These results suggest that Daxx requires ASK1 for its cytoplasmic localization and Fas-mediated signaling.
11504737|Haa1 is localized to the nucleus.
11511685|The strongest immunostaining was found in the cytoplasm and/or cell membranes of the superficial and upper middle layer of normal adult human cartilage, in the clusters and fibrillated areas of OA cartilage, and in IL-1alpha-stimulated bovine nasal cartilage.
11511685|"ADAM-10 protein is present in human articular cartilage primarily in the membrane-bound form and is upregulated in osteoarthritis and in response to IL-1alpha in bovine nasal cartilage."
11511685|By Western blotting analysis of human cartilage, ADAM-10 was primarily detected in the membrane-enriched fraction and its levels were increased in degenerated and OA cartilage compared to normal cartilage.
11512672|Caspr is localized to the paranodal axonal membrane, and Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kvbeta2 and Caspr2 to the juxtaparanodal membrane.
11519011|The encoded DHCR24 protein has a calculated molecular weight of 60.1 kD, contains a potential N-terminal secretory-signal sequence as well as at least one putative transmembrane helix, and is a member of a recently defined family of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent oxidoreductases.
11524421|In accordance with this, RA-GEF-2 colocalizes with activated M-Ras in the plasma membrane in COS-7 cells, suggesting a role of RA-GEF-2 in the regulation of Rap1 and Rap2, particularly in the plasma membrane.
11524421|Thus, RA-GEF-2 acts as a GEF for Rap1 and Rap2 downstream of M-Ras in the plasma membrane, whereas RA-GEF-1 exerts Rap GEF function in perinuclear compartments including the Golgi apparatus.
11544248|The gamma-secretase cut releases the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), which enters the nucleus and modulates transcription.
11544248|Our results demonstrate that the cytoplasmic domain of APP is a highly labile fragment that is stabilized by forming complexes with Fe65 and can then enter the nucleus in neurons and non-neural cells.
11549286|Nuclear localization of PKNOX2 was confirmed by transfection of epitope-tagged cDNA.
11549320|MAL2 is predicted to be 176 residues (19 kDa) with four transmembrane domains and is 35.8% identical to MAL, a proteolipid required in apical vesicle transport.
11554746|The full-length HRG22 and HIC1 proteins colocalize onto nuclear dots and share several functional properties since their BTB/POZ domains heterodimerize and are autonomous transcriptional repression domain insensitive to Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor.
11554922|Following the initiation of anaphase the protein switches from being a chromosomal protein to a spindle protein.
11554922|In the nematode, Bir1 is required for a proper localization of aurora kinase, which moves from the mitotic chromosome in metaphase to the spindle midzone in anaphase as a passenger.
11554922|Chromatin immunoprecipitation suggested that Bir1/Cut17 associates with the outer repetitious centromere region in metaphase.
11554922|Once the chromatids are separated, Bir1/Cut17 no longer binds to kinetochores and instead moves to the middle of spindle.
11554922|Bir1/Cut17 is a nuclear protein in interphase, which is then required for recruiting condensin to the mitotic nucleus, and concentrates to form a discrete number of dots from prometaphase to metaphase.
11564755|We further demonstrate that hNup133 and hNup107 are localized on both sides of the NPC to which they are stably associated at interphase, remain associated as part of a NPC subcomplex during mitosis, and are targeted at early stages to the reforming nuclear envelope.
11564755|Throughout mitosis, a fraction of hNup133 and hNup107 localizes to the kinetochores, thus revealing an unexpected connection between structural NPCs constituents and kinetochores.
11564755|Photobleaching experiments further showed that the mitotic cytoplasm contains kinetochore-binding competent hNup133 molecules and that in contrast to its stable association with the NPCs the interaction of this nucleoporin with kinetochores is dynamic.
11571266|"Biologically active APRIL is secreted following intracellular processing in the Golgi apparatus by furin convertase."
11571266|Thus, APRIL shows a unique maturation pathway among the TNF ligand family members, as it not detectable as a membrane-anchored protein at the cell surface, but is processed in the Golgi apparatus prior to its secretion.
11571282|We further demonstrated that redistribution of sialidase from lysosomes to the cell surface of activated lymphocytes is accompanied by increased reactivity of the enzyme with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies.
11571282|In these cells, neu-1-encoded sialidase activity is increased on the cell surface, suggesting that a specific mechanism regulates sorting of this enzyme to the plasma membrane.
11573242|ANAPC11 is distributed diffusely in the cytoplasm and nucleus with discrete accumulation in granular structures in all the cell lines (AML 12, HepG2, and C2C12) transfected.
11574155|GPR78 shared highest identity with the oGPCR gene GPR26 (56% identity in the transmembrane (TM) regions).
11583571|Binding experiments indicated that CLP associates with F-actin, but does not form a stable complex with globular actin.
11583571|Endogenous CLP is localized in the cytosol of myeloid cells.
11583571|In transfected mammalian cells, CLP co-localized with actin stress fibres.
11583615|A nuclear GTPase, Nug1p, was identified in a genetic screen for components linked to 60S ribosomal subunit export.
11585831|We found that a fraction of cellular RNase L and RLI is localized in the mitochondria.
11585834|In NIH3T3 cells, HDAC7 was primarily localized in the cytoplasm, essentially due to an active CRM1-dependent export of the protein from the nucleus.
11585834|"Mechanism for nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of histone deacetylase 7."
11585834|Interestingly, in HeLa cells, HDAC7 was predominantly nuclear.
11590237|The human ROD and ZW10 homologs also colocalize on HeLa cell kinetochores or kinetochore microtubules throughout most but not all of mitosis.
11590237|"The ZW10 and Rough Deal checkpoint proteins function together in a large, evolutionarily conserved complex targeted to the kinetochore."
11590237|The zeste-white 10 (zw10) and rough deal (rod) genes of Drosophila both encode kinetochore components, and mutations in either gene greatly increase the missegregation of sister chromatids during mitosis.
11591682|Using GFP fusion proteins, we found that (i) Cta1p is transported to peroxisomes via its PTS1 motif, -NKF; (ii) peroxisomal localization is necessary for Cta1p to function physiologically; and (iii) Cta1p is bimodally distributed between the cytosol and peroxisomes in methanol-grown cells but is localized exclusively in peroxisomes in oleate- and D-alanine-grown cells.
11591682|In this study we cloned CTA1, the gene encoding peroxisomal catalase, from the methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii and studied targeting of the gene product, Cta1p, into peroxisomes by using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins.
11591682|"Peroxisomal Catalase in the Methylotrophic Yeast Candida boidinii: Transport Efficiency and Metabolic Significance."
11593002|We demonstrate this result by showing that two novel transmembrane proteins, a 100-kDa protein with similarity to Caenorhabditis elegans Unc-84A and an unrelated 45-kDa protein we named LUMA, reside in the inner nuclear membrane and likely interact with the nuclear lamina.
11593002|"Nuclear envelope proteomics: novel integral membrane proteins of the inner nuclear membrane."
11606526|Mcm7p is a nuclear protein throughout the cell cycle, and its localization is dependent on the other MCM proteins.
11672524|Rhomboid-1 is localized in the Golgi, where it promotes the cleavage of Spitz.
11672524|Star is present throughout the secretory pathway and is required to export Spitz from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
11672524|The membrane proteins Star and Rhomboid-1 have been genetically defined as the primary regulators of EGF receptor activation in Drosophila, but their molecular mechanisms have been elusive.
11676924|Our results demonstrate that S. pombe Rap1 binds to telomeres through interaction with Taz1, similar to human Rap1-TRF2, and that Taz1-mediated telomere localization of Rap1 is necessary for telomere clustering and for the successful completion of meiosis.
11676924|"Telomere binding of the Rap1 protein is required for meiosis in fission yeast."
11676924|Here we report that S. pombe Rap1 is a telomeric protein essential for meiosis.
11676924|Moreover, in taz1-disrupted cells, molecular fusion of Rap1 with the Taz1 DNA binding domain recovers telomere clustering and largely complements defects in meiosis, indicating that telomere localization of Rap1 is a key requirement for meiosis.
11676924|This ortholog, Taz1, binds directly to telomere repeats [18] and is necessary for telomere clustering in meiotic prophase.
11677042|Functional diversification of the Drosophila peroxiredoxin family members was suggested by two lines of evidence: (i) the patterns of mRNA accumulation varied for the different genes during development and (ii) recombinant proteins fused to an epitope tag and overexpressed in Drosophila cells, differed in subcellular localizations--three proteins occurred in the cytosol, one was localized to the mitochondria, and one was found to be secreted.
11677057|We have isolated cDNAs for three members of a family of seven-pass transmembrane cadherins in mouse (Celsr1, 2 and 3).
11683392|In contrast to S. cerevisiae Cdc14p, flp1p is also present on the mitotic spindle and contractile ring.
11683392|Like its budding yeast counterpart, flp1p is restricted to the nucleolus until mitosis, when it is dispersed through the nucleus.
11683392|Cdc14p is sequestered in the nucleolus during interphase, from where it is released at the end of mitosis, dependent upon mitotic exit network function.
11684014|ASPP enhance the DNA binding and transactivation function of p53 on the promoters of proapoptotic genes in vivo.
11684705|We have mapped the sites that are required for binding the Nup160 subcomplex, and have found that in Nup98, the binding site is used to tether Nup98 to the nucleus; in Nup153, the binding site targets Nup153 to the nuclear pore.
11684705|Immunofluorescence reveals them to be new nucleoporins, designated Nup160 and Nup133, which are accessible on the basket side of the pore.
11685532|Interestingly, Nuf2 disappeared from the centromere during meiotic prophase when centromeres lose their connection to the spindle pole body.
11685532|We propose that Nuf2 acts at the centromere to establish a connection with the spindle for proper chromosome segregation, and that Nuf2 function is also required for the spindle checkpoint.
11685532|We identified a centromeric protein, Nuf2, which is conserved in fission yeast, human, nematode, and budding yeast.
11694586|During interphase hCAP-H, -C, and -E, have distinct punctate nucleolar localization, suggesting that condensin may associate with and modulate the conformation and function of rDNA.
11694586|"Cell cycle-dependent expression and nucleolar localization of hCAP-H."
11694586|hCAP-H was found to be associated with mitotic chromosomes exhibiting a nonuniform but symmetric distribution along sister chromatids.
11696322|for3p-GFP is localized at both cell tips in an actin-dependent manner and at the cell division site.
11696366|Immunofluorescence studies indicated that TSC is prominent in cellular lamellipodia where it colocalizes with NHE1.
11696419|PBP is localized to the particulate fraction of extracts of Alzheimer's disease brain but is found in the soluble fractions of brain from age matched normal controls.
11703663|All nine proteins have been localized to the septal ring, an equatorial ring structure at the division site.
11703663|Examination of cells expressing different combinations of the fusions indicated that FtsA, FtsQ, FtsL and FtsI co-localize with FtsZ in filaments depleted of FtsN.
11703943|Identification of these revealed that they include Sec34p and Sec35p, the two known components of the Sec34/35 complex previously proposed to tether vesicles to the Golgi.
11707778|Also, the G9a-T7 protein frequently appeared marginalized at the nuclear periphery, while the NG36/G9a-T7 protein was generally found throughout the nucleoplasm.
11707778|Whereas the G9a-T7 protein was observed in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, the NG36/G9a-T7 protein was extensively concentrated within the nucleus.
11714716|Immunolocalization studies demonstrate that Gemin5 is found in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, where it colocalizes with SMN in gems.
11714716|The SMN complex plays an important role in the cytoplasmic assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and likely other RNPs in pre-mRNA splicing and in the assembly of transcriptosomes.
11714716|The survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein is the product of the disease gene of spinal muscular atrophy and is found both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, where it is concentrated in gems.
11722756|Nuclear localization of AtWRKY6 was demonstrated; protein truncations and gain-of-function studies enabled delineation of a region harbouring a novel type of functional nuclear localization signal (NLS).
11722795|In addition to amino acid similarities, NPM3 shares many physical characteristics with the nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin family, including an acidic domain, multiple potential phosphorylation sites and a putative nuclear localization signal.
11722795|An analysis of subcellular fractions of NIH3T3 cells expressing epitope-tagged NPM3 revealed that NPM3 protein was localized solely in the nucleus.
11722795|"Cloning, expression and nuclear localization of human NPM3, a member of the nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin family of nuclear chaperones."
11722795|Studies suggest that the related proteins nucleoplasmin and nucleophosmin (also called B23, NO38 or numatrin) are nuclear chaperones that mediate the assembly of nucleosomes and ribosomes, respectively, and that these activities are accomplished through the binding of basic proteins via their acidic domains.
11722795|These biological activities, together with its physical relationship to the chaparones nucleoplasmin and nucleophosmin, are consistent with the proposed function of NPM3 as a molecular chaperone functioning in the nucleus.
11722795|Human NPM3 is an abundant and widely expressed protein with primarily nuclear localization.
11722843|Using a transient expression assay and protoplasts from N. sylvestris mesophyll cells, we clearly demonstrated that the N-terminal sequence of NsRpoT-A targets the protein to the mitochondria.
11722843|Phylogenetic analysis of NsRpoT-A and the RpoT proteins of other plant species suggested that NsRpoT-A is a mitochondrial protein.
11722843|The TargetP program predicted localization of the NsRpoT-A gene product to the mitochondria.
11724934|gp78, also known as the tumor autocrine motility factor receptor, is a transmembrane protein whose expression is correlated with tumor metastasis.
11724934|We establish that gp78 is a RING finger-dependent ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
11724934|gp78 has thus been found to be an example of a mammalian cellular E3 intrinsic to the ER, suggesting a potential link between ubiquitylation, ERAD, and metastasis.
11729149|In this article we show that MES-3 is localized in the nuclei of embryos and germ cells, consistent with its predicted role in transcriptional regulation.
11729149|However, its nuclear localization in midstage embryos and its persistence in the primordial germ cells depend on wild-type MES-2 and MES-6.
11729150|In the adult germline, SET-2(L) protein is localized in mitotic and mid-late-stage meiotic nuclei but is undetectable in early pachytene nuclei.
11729150|SET-2(L) protein is localized in all nuclei of embryos.
11729194|We have shown that GFP-tagged Pnk1 like mammalian PNKP localizes to the nucleus.
11731474|Moreover, PIASy binds to nuclear matrix-associated DNA sequences and targets LEF1 to nuclear bodies, suggesting that PIASy-mediated subnuclear sequestration accounts for the repression of LEF1 activity.
11731474|"PIASy, a nuclear matrix-associated SUMO E3 ligase, represses LEF1 activity by sequestration into nuclear bodies."
11733379|Here we demonstrate that CD2AP localizes to the slit diaphragm in podocytes using immunoelectron microscopy and that nephrin and CD2AP co-immunoprecipitate from a podocyte cell line.
11733379|"CD2AP localizes to the slit diaphragm and binds to nephrin via a novel C-terminal domain."
11737201|Using an RT-PCR approach we have cloned a rainbow trout beta2-adrenoceptor gene that codes for a 409-amino-acid protein with the same seven transmembrane domain structure as its mammalian counterparts.
11737264|Rga1 was localized to the cell ends and septum where Rho1 is known to function.
11739631|"FENS-1 and DFCP1 are FYVE domain-containing proteins with distinct functions in the endosomal and Golgi compartments."
11739631|The isolated FYVE domain of FENS-1 also localises to endosomes.
11739631|Exogenously expressed FENS-1 localises to early endosomes: this localisation requires an intact FYVE domain and is sensitive to wortmannin inhibition.
11739631|By contrast, exogenously expressed DFCP1 displays a predominantly Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and vesicular distribution with little or no overlap with FENS-1 or other endosomal markers.
11739743|Spo4 is preferentially present in nuclei, but this nuclear localization does not require Spo6.
11739743|A regulatory subunit, Dbf4, stimulates the kinase activity of Cdc7 and recruits it to the replication origins.
11739793|These results suggest that Spo3 is a key component of the forespore membrane and is essential for its assembly acting in collaboration with the syntaxin-like protein.
11739793|Here we report two novel proteins that localize to the forespore membrane.
11739793|Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion revealed that Spo3 localized to the forespore membrane.
11739793|As expected, Psy1 localized to the plasma membrane during vegetative growth.
11739793|Interestingly, Psy1 on the plasma membrane disappeared immediately after first meiotic division and relocalized to the forespore membrane as the second division initiated.
11741306|The predicted NsRpoT-B protein shows 71% amino acid identity with NsRpoT-A which is a mitochondrial protein.
11741306|Transient expression assays in protoplasts from N. sylvestris leaves demonstrated that the putative N-terminal transit peptide of NsRpoT-B encodes dual targeting signals directing the protein into mitochondria and plastids.
11741306|"Dual targeting of phage-type RNA polymerase to both mitochondria and plastids is due to alternative translation initiation in single transcripts."
11746666|We show that gamma-synuclein is present in the perinuclear area and is localized to centrosomes in several types of human interphase cells and in bovine retinal pigment epithelium.
11746666|These results support the view that gamma-synuclein is a centrosome protein that may be involved in signal transduction pathways.
11746666|In mitotic cells, gamma-synuclein staining is localized to the poles of the spindle.
11748230|Co-immunoprecipitation, immunolocalization, and in vitro binding experiments demonstrate that Gemin6 is a component of the SMN complex that localizes to gems and interacts with several Sm proteins of the spliceosomal snRNPs.
11748230|The SMN complex is localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus and contains SMN, Gemin2, Gemin3, Gemin4, Gemin5, and a few not yet identified proteins.
11749036|Proteolipids are abundant integral membrane proteins, initially described as structural proteins of CNS myelin.
11749719|The subcellular location of the mmta2 protein was the nucleus, and nuclear localization signals were identified in the region between amino acids 456 and 497.
11750097|The human and murine clones encode nearly identical 13-kDa proteins that localized to the mitochondria.
11750097|Magmas is a mitochondrial protein involved in GM-CSF signal transduction.
11750097|"Identification and characterization of Magmas, a novel mitochondria-associated protein involved in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signal transduction."
11751847|Immunohistochemical analyses showed that Gas8 protein accumulates in gametocytes as they approach the lumen of seminiferous tubules and is localized to the cytoplasm of round spermatids, the tails of elongating spermatids, and mature spermatid tail bundles protruding into the lumen; in epididymal spermatozoa Gas8 protein was present in the flagella.
11751855|BPAG1e is expressed in epithelial tissues and localized to hemidesmosomes, on the other hand, BPAG1n is expressed in neural tissues and muscles and has an actin binding domain at the NH(2)-terminal of BPAG1e.
11751918|"The fission yeast ES2 homologue, Bis1, interacts with the Ish1 stress-responsive nuclear envelope protein."
11751918|Ish1 is a nuclear envelope protein that is present throughout the cell cycle and whose expression is increased in response to stresses such as glucose and nitrogen starvation, as well as osmotic stress.
11756410|Subcellular fractionation and protease protection studies demonstrated bimodal distribution of Pex7p between the cytoplasm and peroxisomes in CHO and human cells.
11756410|Moreover, expression of Pex5pL, but not of the shorter isoform Pex5pS, enhanced translocation of Pex7p-PTS2 proteins into peroxisomes, thereby implying that both PTS receptors shuttle between peroxisomes and the cytosol.
11770485|Surprisingly, the Wld protein was located predominantly in the nucleus, indicating an indirect protective mechanism.
11781334|The localization of beta-actin mRNA to the leading lamellae of chicken fibroblasts and neurite growth cones of developing neurons requires a 54-nt localization signal (the zipcode) within the 3' untranslated region.
11781334|Various portions of ZBP2 fused to GFP indicate that the protein most likely shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and that the 47-aa insert promotes the nuclear localization.
11781334|"A predominantly nuclear protein affecting cytoplasmic localization of beta-actin mRNA in fibroblasts and neurons."
11781334|These data suggest that ZBP2, although predominantly a nuclear protein, has a role in the cytoplasmic localization of beta-actin mRNA.
11784866|RIN1 recognizes endogenous RAS following transient activation by epidermal growth factor, and a portion of RIN1 fractionates to the cell membrane in a manner consistent with a reversible interaction.
11788722|Rhp23 is present throughout the cell but is located predominantly in the nucleus, and the nuclear levels of Rhp23 decrease around the time of S phase in the cell cycle.
11796729|The mammalian TrxRs described so far are selenoproteins that utilize NADPH to reduce protein as well as nonprotein substrates in mitochondria and cytoplasm of cells.
11796729|"Mitochondrial and cytoplasmic thioredoxin reductase variants encoded by a single Drosophila gene are both essential for viability."
11796729|We show that a single Drosophila gene, Trxr-1, encodes non-selenocysteine-containing cytoplasmic and mitochondrial TrxR isoforms that differ with respect to their N termini.
11803813|We show here that, in bone marrow, LSLCL is detected: (i) concentrated in the cytoplasm of immature neutrophils but not in myeloblasts nor in mature neutrophils, (ii) in extracellular bone marrow fluid.
11804574|Finally, we propose that only PRiMA anchors AChE in mammalian brain and muscle cell membranes.
11804574|Furthermore, we demonstrate that AChE is actually anchored in neural cell membranes through its interaction with PRiMA.
11804574|As a tetramer, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is anchored to the basal lamina of the neuromuscular junction and to the membrane of neuronal synapses.
11804778|Classical members of the UNC6/netrin family are secreted proteins which play a role as long-range cues for directing growth cones.
11804860|The single-copy human agmatinase gene located on chromosome 1 encodes a 352-residue protein with a putative mitochondrial targeting sequence at the NH(3)-terminus.
11804963|Prostaglandin D2 synthase (PGDS) is a major epididymal secretory protein in several species.
11809751|Dermo-1 is a multifunctional basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that has been shown to be a potent negative regulator for gene transcription and apoptosis.
11809834|Pof3 localizes to the nucleus during the cell cycle.
11814680|The gene, which consists of six exons disseminated over 16 kb of genomic DNA, is highly homologous to the porcine tmp83.5 gene and encodes a putative transmembrane protein of 141 amino acids.
11820777|Whereas most F-box proteins show rapid turnover, Pof10 has a remarkably long half-life in vivo and has been shown to be localized predominantly in cytoplasm.
11820779|It could be seen that the NGB-immunopositive signals were in the cytoplasma and processes of the neuron.
11827972|Immunostaining revealed that MICAL localizes along with vimentin intermediate filaments.
11827972|MICAL is a cytoplasmic protein and colocalizes with CasL at the perinuclear area.
11836357|Investigation of the possible functional involvement of the fibulin-1 protein (FBLN1) in the observed phenotype showed that FBLN1 is expressed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in association with the digits in the developing limb.
11839779|Overexpressed Gcs1p in yeast was localized partially with mitochondria and partially in perinuclear structures close to mitochondria.
11839779|In yeast grown in rich or minimal medium, Gcs1p was distributed over the cytoplasm in a fine punctate pattern with more concentrated staining in the perinuclear regions.
11839779|The Gcs1p PH-domain was required for localization in mitochondria but not for the perinuclear region.
11839807|It is localized to the perinuclear structures, and its N-terminal signal peptide is necessary for protein translocation.
11841224|Mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzymes play a crucial role in the steroid biosynthesis in human adrenals, catalyzing regio- and stereospecific hydroxylations.
11841224|"Functional expression of human mitochondrial CYP11B2 in fission yeast and identification of a new internal electron transfer protein, etp1."
11842083|Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy studies localize Daxx to promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies and punctate cytoplasmic structures, often organized in strings and underneath the plasma membrane.
11842083|Using an established cell fractionation procedure we present evidence for the existence of two distinct intracellular Daxx pools in the nucleus and low density microsomes.
11843177|In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the essential gene YOL077c, now named BRX1, codes for the Brix homolog, which is also localized in the nucleolus.
11843177|A fusion protein with GFP expressed in HeLa cells or Xenopus oocytes was found to be localized in the nucleolus and coiled (Cajal) bodies.
11850187|Celsr cadherins are seven-pass transmembrane proteins with nine cadherin repeats in the extracellular domain, and an anonymous intracellular C-terminus.
11854418|Unlike its homologs in Xenopus and fission yeast, Ycs4p is associated with chromatin throughout the cell cycle; the only change in localization occurs during anaphase when the protein is enriched at the nucleolus.
11860508|The finding that this protein, which has a bipartite nuclear localization signal, is also observed in the cytoplasm and extracellular space points to a multifunctional protein.
11860508|Transfection experiments with CGI-94 as a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion-protein show that this protein is translocated into the nucleus of the cell.
11860508|In conclusion, the expression of the nucleolar phosphoprotein CGI-94 appears to be disturbed in early processes of neuronal degeneration.
11861490|A cDNA cloned from monkey RNA that was 96% identical with the putative human GnRH receptor type II gene encoded a 379-amino acid G protein-coupled/7-transmembrane receptor having a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail.
11864908|Green fluorescent protein fusions of Pcp1p localize to the SPB as analyzed by fluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy.
11864997|Immunofluorescence experiments demonstrate that trypanin is located along the flagellum/flagellum attachment zone and electron microscopic analysis revealed that cytoskeletal connections between the flagellar apparatus and subpellicular cytoskeleton are destabilized in trypanin(minus sign) mutants.
11864997|We previously discovered a family of cytoskeleton-associated proteins that includes GAS11, a candidate human tumor suppressor upregulated in growth-arrested cells, and trypanin, a component of the flagellar cytoskeleton of African trypanosomes.
11864997|Although these proteins are intimately associated with the cytoskeleton, their function has yet to be determined.
11890982|Immunoelectron microscopy and immunocytochemistry investigations, including co-localization studies, have detected OGFr on the outer nuclear envelope where it interfaces with OGF.
11890982|The peptide-receptor complex associates with karyopherin, translocates through the nuclear pore, and can be observed in the inner nuclear matrix and at the periphery of heterochromatin of the nucleus.
11890982|The molecular and protein structure of OGFr have no resemblance to that of classical opioid receptors, and have no significant homologies to known domains or functional motifs with the exception of a bipartite nuclear localization signal.
11890982|Subcellular fractionation studies show that the receptor for OGF (OGFr) is an integral membrane protein associated with the nucleus.
11896061|"Association of the human SUMO-1 protease SENP2 with the nuclear pore."
11896061|Here we have shown that SENP2 associates with the nuclear face of nuclear pores and that this association requires protein sequences near the N terminus of SENP2.
11896061|We have also shown that SENP2 binds to Nup153, a nucleoporin that is localized to the nucleoplasmic face of the pore.
11901111|Mti1p co-immunoprecipitated with Myo5p and Mti1p-GFP co-localized with cortical actin patches.
11901119|"The Drosophila suppressor of underreplication protein binds to late-replicating regions of polytene chromosomes."
11901119|Staining of salivary gland polytene chromosomes with antibodies directed against the SuUR protein shows that the protein is localized mainly in late-replicating regions and in regions of intercalary and pericentric heterochromatin.
11906164|Our current studies have indicated that junctophilins (JPs) take part in the formation of junctional membrane complexes by spanning the ER membrane and interacting with the plasma membrane.
11906208|Laminins and netrins are families of related secreted proteins known to play critical roles in guiding the growth of peripheral and central axons, respectively.
11906208|Here we report the identification of two novel cell surface glycoproteins that we name laminets because they resemble both laminins and netrins.
11907270|The envelope localization of Ce-lamin, Ce-emerin, Ce-MAN1, and nucleoporins are unaffected by the loss of UNC-84.
11907270|We show that endogenous UNC-84 protein colocalizes with Ce-lamin at the nuclear envelope and that the envelope localization of UNC-84 requires Ce-lamin.
11907270|We also show that during mitosis, UNC-84 remains at the nuclear periphery until late anaphase, similar to known inner nuclear membrane proteins.
11907270|UNC-84 is properly expressed in unc-83 and anc-1 lines, which have phenotypes similar to unc-84, suggesting that neither the expression nor nuclear envelope localization of UNC-84 depends on UNC-83 or ANC-1 proteins.
11909965|We find Mad3-GFP kinetochore localization to be dependent upon Bub1p, Bub3p, and the Mph1p kinase, but not upon Mad1p or Mad2p.
11909965|"Fission yeast Mad3p is required for Mad2p to inhibit the anaphase-promoting complex and localizes to kinetochores in a Bub1p-, Bub3p-, and Mph1p-dependent manner."
11909965|Mad3-green fluorescent protein (GFP) is recruited to unattached kinetochores early in mitosis and accumulates there upon prolonged checkpoint activation.
11914278|SMC-4 and MIX-1 colocalize with centromere proteins on condensed mitotic chromosomes and are required for the restricted orientation of centromeres toward spindle poles.
11916973|The ethylene receptor ETR1 of Arabidopsis contains transmembrane domains responsible for ethylene binding and membrane localization.
11916973|Ethylene binding by ETR1 did not affect localization to the endoplasmic reticulum, based upon analysis of plants treated with the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylic acid and by examination of a mutant receptor that does not bind ethylene.
11916973|"Localization of the ethylene receptor ETR1 to the endoplasmic reticulum of Arabidopsis."
11916973|Examination by aqueous two-phase partitioning, sucrose density-gradient centrifugation, and immunoelectron microscopy indicates that ETR1 is predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum.
11916973|Determinants within the amino-terminal half of ETR1 are sufficient for targeting to and retention at the endoplasmic reticulum.
11927555|Fin1p is localized to the spindle pole body and fin1Delta cells are hypersensitive to anti-microtubule drugs, synthetically lethal with a number of spindle mutants and require the spindle checkpoint for viability.
11929853|"Three proteins, MBNL, MBLL and MBXL, co-localize in vivo with nuclear foci of expanded-repeat transcripts in DM1 and DM2 cells."
11929853|Green fluorescent protein-tagged versions of MBNL, MBLL and MBXL co-localize with nuclear foci in DM1 and DM2 cells, suggesting that all three proteins may play a role in DM pathophysiology.
11935223|In S. cerevisiae, Nep1p is localized in the nucleus with a rod-shaped morphology, which first suggested a spindle/microtubule association for ScNEP1 ( S. cerevisiae NEP1).
11935223|However, in Candida albicans and in HeLa cells, Nep1p is a protein of the nucleoli.
11935339|The human mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), the first complex of the oxidative phosphorylation system, is composed of at least 42 subunits.
11940666|It has been proposed to mediate the association of dynein/dynactin to microtubule (MT) plus ends, and it also binds to kinetochores in a dynein/dynactin-dependent fashion, both via its C-terminal domain.
11944983|Pronounced staining was observed in the cytoplasm, suggesting an association with the plasma membrane and in the perinuclear area.
11955608|Among the set of genes expressed during the quiescent G0 phase of the cell cycle (gas genes), gas1 encodes for a GPI anchor protein associated to the plasma membrane, which is able to induce growth arrest when overexpressed in proliferating fibroblasts.
11959669|By immunocytochemistry, we identified four pairs of neuroendocrine cells likely to release the capa peptides into the hemolymph: one pair in the subesophageal ganglion and the other three in the abdominal neuromeres.
11964381|In the retinal pigment epithelium cells, MyRIP, myosin VIIa and Rab27A are associated with melanosomes.
11967147|Klp5 and Klp6 colocalize to the mitotic kinetochores and the spindle midzone.
11971870|The same-sized glycosylated polypeptides were also observed in the media, suggesting that the 60 kDa glycosylated CLN5 polypeptide represents a soluble lysosomal glycoprotein, not an integral transmembrane protein as predicted earlier.
11971870|Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy showed that wild-type CLN5 is predominantly targeted to lysosomes and immunoprecipitation analysis recognized a 60 kDa polypeptide.
11971870|"Lysosomal localization of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis CLN5 protein."
11973274|It consists of two structurally and functionally related genes, bab1 and bab2, each of which encodes a single nuclear protein.
11973283|In the male, Zpg protein localizes to the surface of spermatogonia, primarily on the sides adjacent to the somatic cyst cells.
11973283|We propose that Zpg-containing gap junctional hemichannels in the germ cell plasma membrane may connect with hemichannels made of other innexin isoforms on adjacent somatic cells.
11973283|In the female, Zpg protein localizes to germ cell surfaces, both those adjacent to surrounding somatic cells and those adjacent to other germ cells.
11973283|The zero population growth (zpg) locus of Drosophila encodes a germline-specific gap junction protein, Innexin 4, that is required for survival of differentiating early germ cells during gametogenesis in both sexes.
11980916|"Characterization of a mammalian Golgi-localized protein complex, COG, that is required for normal Golgi morphology and function."
11980916|The COG complex comprises four previously characterized proteins (Cog1/ldlBp, Cog2/ldlCp, Cog3/Sec34, and Cog5/GTC-90), three homologues of yeast Sec34/35 complex subunits (Cog4, -6, and -8), and a previously unidentified Golgi-associated protein (Cog7).
11991731|In contrast, p38- alpha/ beta staining was non-punctate and distributed throughout the cytosol and nucleus.
11991731|Immunolocalization in cultured cardiac myocytes followed by confocal microscopy showed punctate, non-nuclear SAPK3 staining.
12003941|An N-terminal sequence analysis of AlgJ showed that its putative AlgJ signal peptide was not cleaved, suggesting that AlgJ is anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane by its uncleaved signal peptide.
12003941|All in-frame fusions to algF and algJ had AP activity, indicating that both AlgF and AlgJ were exported to the periplasm.
12003941|AP gene fusions were also used to map the membrane topology of AlgI, and the results suggest that it is an integral membrane protein with seven transmembrane domains.
12003941|Immunoblot analysis of spheroplasts and periplasmic fractions showed that AlgF was released with the periplasmic contents but that AlgJ remained with the spheroplast fraction.
12006598|Finally, confocal laser scanning of trophozoites showed that the protein, apart from the median body, was exclusively localized in the eight flagella.
12006598|"Annexin XXI (ANX21) of Giardia lamblia has sequence motifs uniquely sdhared by giardial annexins and is specifically localized in the flagella."
12011110|This protein is unstable during the first meiotic division and accumulates only in MII, where it localizes to the spindle.
12019210|Both optimedin and myocilin are localized in Golgi and are secreted proteins.
12019270|Endogenous pallidin was distributed in both soluble and peripheral membrane protein fractions.
12022229|Here we report that human Pescadillo and its yeast homolog (Yph1p or Nop7p) are localized to the nucleolus.
12027893|The two proteins colocalize in apparent cytoplasmic vesicles and do not show substantial translocation to the plasma membrane upon receptor tyrosine kinase stimulation.
12029134|Using ligand-based affinity chromatography, we purified a 120-kilodalton membrane protein, specifically interacting with PSK, from carrot microsomal fractions.
12029134|The corresponding complementary DNA encodes a 1021-amino acid receptor kinase that contains extracellular leucine-rich repeats, a single transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic kinase domain.
12034717|Co-expression of GRIF-1a and alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 GABA(A) receptors in mammalian cells revealed some co-localization in the cell cytoplasm.
12034751|Immunofluorescence results suggest that a cohesin complex containing Rad21 and STAG2 cooperates with a STAG3-specific complex to maintain sister chromatid cohesion during the diplotene stage of meiosis.
12036294|We isolated a cDNA encoding the 427 carboxy-terminal amino acids of MEA-2, a Golgi-associated, maleenhanced autoantigen; a cDNA encoding 429 amino acids with 73% homology to centrosomal Akap9; and a cDNA encoding 346 amino acids with 75% homology to SUN1, a predicted human protein that contains a SUN domain (which is present in some perinuclear proteins).
12036294|The data suggest that TRAX may have a function associated with perinuclear organelles during spermatogenesis.
12036294|Confocal microscopy studies using green fluorescent protein fusion proteins determined that these TRAX-interacting proteins colocalize with TRAX.
12036294|Translin-associated factor X (TRAX) is the predominantly cytoplasmic binding partner of TB-RBP/translin in mouse testis.
12036956|As shown by immunostaining of human prostate and LNCaP cells with monoclonal anti-RalR1 antibodies, the enzyme is highly expressed in the epithelial cell layer of human prostate and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum.
12040005|Immunohistochemistry showed that the novel protein is localized to the cytoplasm in pachytene spermatocytes and early spermatids, oocytes at all stages of oogenesis, and in early preimplantation embryos.
12040005|Because both ANK repeats and the SAM domain function as protein-protein interaction modules that mediate signal transduction cascades in some systems, GASZ may represent an important cytoplasmic signal transducer that mediates protein-protein interactions during germ cell maturation in both males and females and during preimplantation embryogenesis.
12045219|In the present study, we show that ASIP/PAR-3 staining distributes to the subapical domain of epithelial cell-cell junctions, including epithelial cells with less-developed tight junctions, in clear contrast with ZO-1, another tight-junction-associated protein, the staining of which is stronger in cells with well-developed tight junctions.
12045219|In mammals, ASIP/PAR-3 colocalizes with aPKC and concentrates at the tight junctions of epithelial cells, but the biological meaning of ASIP/PAR-3 in tight junctions remains to be clarified.
12045219|Consistently, immunogold electron microscopy revealed that ASIP/PAR-3 concentrates at the apical edge of tight junctions, whereas ZO-1 distributes alongside tight junctions.
12049410|In addition, results from the N-terminal microsequence of this protein allow us to define PWP-1 as a novel cell wall protein.
12049410|By means of immunogold electron microscopy, labelling for PWP-1 was strong and specifically associated with the cell wall.
12049410|"Characterization and immunolocalization of a main proteinaceous component of the cell wall of the protozoan parasite Perkinsus atlanticus."
12058017|Consistent with this hypothesis, we localized Cod1p to the ER membrane.
12058017|Our previous work suggested Cod1p may function in the ER.
12058017|"Cod1p/Spf1p is a P-type ATPase involved in ER function and Ca2+ homeostasis."
12058018|"The endoplasmic reticulum cation P-type ATPase Cta4p is required for control of cell shape and microtubule dynamics."
12058018|Immunofluorescence microscopy and membrane fractionation experiments revealed that green fluorescent protein-tagged Cta4 localizes to the ER.
12058058|We show by confocal microscopy that both granuphilin-a and -b colocalize with insulin-containing secretory granules positioned at the periphery of pancreatic beta-cells.
12061895|Tobacco RpoT3 is targeted to chloroplasts and the RNA is differentially expressed in plants lacking the plastid-encoded RNAP.
12061895|GFP-fusions of Nicotiana RpoT1 revealed mitochondrial targeting properties.
12061895|Constructs containing the amino-terminus of RpoT2 were imported into mitochondria as well as into plastids.
12062100|Unlike conventional poly(A) polymerases, which act in the nucleus and indiscriminately polyadenylate all mRNA, Cid13 is a cytoplasmic enzyme that specifically targets suc22 mRNA that encodes a subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR).
12062100|We propose that Cid13 defines a cytoplasmic form of poly(A) polymerase important for DNA replication and genome maintenance.
12062100|"Cid13 is a cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase that regulates ribonucleotide reductase mRNA."
12065586|Coimmunoprecipitation and immunolocalization experiments demonstrate that Gemin7 is a component of the SMN complex and colocalizes with SMN in the cytoplasm and in gems.
12068099|Transient expression of BCAT:green fluorescent protein fusion proteins in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) protoplasts shows that three isoenzymes are imported into chloroplasts (AtBCAT-2, -3, and -5), whereas a single enzyme is directed into mitochondria (AtBCAT-1).
12068309|The Utp proteins are nucleolar and specifically associated with the U3 snoRNA.
12079284|"Molecular cloning and characterization of human chondrolectin, a novel type I transmembrane protein homologous to C-type lectins."
12079284|The open reading frame of CHODL encodes a type I transmembrane protein containing a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of C-type lectins in its extracellular portion.
12079284|In transiently transfected COS1 cells, CHODL shows a predominantly perinuclear localization.
12080074|Furthermore, upon stress, Srk1 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in a process that is dependent on the Sty1 MAPK.
12084823|IRT1-green fluorescent protein fusion, transiently expressed in culture cells, localized to the plasma membrane.
12086618|"PR-Set7 is a nucleosome-specific methyltransferase that modifies lysine 20 of histone H4 and is associated with silent chromatin."
12095680|Fertilin is reported to be a heterodimeric protein composed of A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 1 (ADAM1, fertilin alpha) and ADAM2 (fertilin beta) located on the sperm surface.
12096056|KCNE4 is a membrane protein belonging to a family of single transmembrane domain proteins known to have dramatic effect on the gating of certain potassium channels.
12098761|Subcelluar localization and immunoblotting indicated SgIII was secreted out of cell through trans-Golgi network (TGN).
12098761|"Cloning and characterization of a novel human secretory protein: secretogranin III."
12110170|A C. elegans genetic screen revealed two genes, aph-1 and pen-2, encoding multipass transmembrane proteins, that interact strongly with sel-12/presenilin and aph-2/nicastrin.
12110682|Elf1p is a non-membrane member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) class of ATPase and the GFP-Elf1p fusion localizes to the cytoplasm.
12113475|During spermiogenesis in Eledone cirrhosa a single protamine substitutes for histones in nuclei of developing spermatids.
12121615|"Purification and Functional Characterization of SET8, a Nucleosomal Histone H4-Lysine 20-Specific Methyltransferase."
12121615|We identified and characterized an evolutionarily conserved nucleosomal H4-K20-specific methyltransferase and demonstrated its essential role in Drosophila development.
12127990|"Hrp3, a chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein, is required for heterochromatin silencing in fission yeast."
12127990|A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that Hrp3 directly associates with mat3 chromatin.
12130652|Golgin-160 is a member of the golgin family of Golgi-localized membrane proteins.
12130786|The nuclear protein DET1 is a central repressor of photomorphogenesis in plants.
12130786|TED3 encodes a peroxisomal protein (AtPex2p) essential for Arabidopsis growth.
12133963|Thus, it is our contention that nuclear PESKY and ESkine both enter the nucleus by either intracrine or paracrine mechanisms and may facilitate cellular migration by inducing actin cytoskeletal relaxation.
12133963|Therefore, nuclear ESkine/PESKY represents a novel paradigm for chemokine function.
12133963|The role of this nuclear-targeted chemokine has not so far been defined, and it was the purpose of this study to examine this chemokine variant in more depth.
12133963|One is a secreted chemokine (ESkine), whereas the other (PESKY) lacks a signal peptide and is translocated to the nucleus.
12134075|Alp16 localizes to the spindle pole body throughout the cell cycle and to the equatorial MTOC at postanaphase.
12135745|The Cmk2 is a cytoplasmic protein expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner, peaking at the G1/S boundary.
12145293|Biochemical characterization of this protein revealed that its proline residues are hydroxylated, it undergoes N-linked glycosylation, it forms trimers, and it is secreted in vitro.
12145319|Amisyn is mostly cytosolic, but a fraction co-sediments with membranes.
12149247|This protein exhibits a domain organization similar to other members of an emerging family of membrane-bound serine proteinases known as type II transmembrane serine proteinases.
12149247|Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis of COS-7 cells transfected with the isolated cDNA confirmed that matriptase-2 is anchored to the cell surface.
12149247|"Matriptase-2, a membrane-bound mosaic serine proteinase predominantly expressed in human liver and showing degrading activity against extracellular matrix proteins."
12149247|Matriptase-2 contains a short cytoplasmic domain, a type II transmembrane sequence, a central region with several modular structural domains including two CUB (complement factor C1s/C1r, urchin embryonic growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein) domains and three low density lipoprotein receptor tandem repeats, and finally, a C-terminal catalytic domain with all typical features of serine proteinases.
12150928|The Arabidopsis BAK1 (BRI1 Associated receptor Kinase 1) was identified by a yeast two-hybrid screen as a specific interactor for BRI1, a critical component of a membrane brassinosteroid (BR) receptor.
12162805|Human tGolgin-1 is the target of autoantibodies in patients with Sjogren's syndrome, and is thought to be involved in vesicular transport processes at the trans-Golgi network.
12162805|Epitope tagged, truncated forms of mouse tGolgin-1, like those of its human homolog, were localized at steady state to the Golgi/trans-Golgi network in transfected cells.
12163023|We identified a novel putative proline 4-hydroxylase, PH-4, with an aminoterminal EF-hand motif and a carboxyterminal catalytic domain, which was highly expressed in most organs, and-unlike EGLNs which localize to the cytoplasm and nucleus-was associated with the endoplasmic reticulum.
12163046|We identified a novel Golgi apparatus-specific protein with the DHHC zinc finger domain and four putative transmembrane regions, designated as GODZ.
12166515|In trophozoites, the labelling was diffuse in the parasite cytoplasm, with accumulations around the food vacuole.
12167173|Since all SCFPop1p-Pop2p subunits, except for Pop1p, which is exclusively nuclear, localize to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, the F-box of Pop2p may be critical for the assembly of cytoplasmic SCFPop2p complexes.
12167612|A method has been elaborated to isolate and purify up to homogeneity a novel membrane glycoprotein containing a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor by means of salting out with ammonium sulfate (40-80% saturation), followed by preparative SDS-PAGE, chromatography and acetone precipitation.
12167612|"A Novel Human Erythrocyte Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored Glycoprotein ACA.
12167612|In this study we describe a novel erythrocyte membrane GPI-linked protein with the structural feature of an anchor that, in contrast to other GPI-linked erythrocyte proteins, has a non-acetylated inositol ring and diacylglycerol rather than alkyl-acyl glycerol as a lipid tail of the anchor.
12167865|Dysregulation of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 in breast cancer cells enhances the expression of MTA1s and the cytoplasmic sequestration of ER.
12167865|MTA1s localizes in the cytoplasm, sequesters ER in the cytoplasm, and enhances non-genomic responses of ER.
12167865|Expression of MTA1s in breast cancer cells prevents ligand-induced nuclear translocation of ER and stimulates malignant phenotypes.
12169693|The staining of an HA-tagged short form of Clasp (ClaspS) showed a nucleoplasmic pattern, while the long form of Clasp (ClaspL) was localized as nuclear dots.
12175539|DEC-205, a putative antigen uptake receptor, belongs to a family of transmembrane C-type lectins.
12175539|Hamster DEC-205 was mainly detected on cell membrane and shown to mediate the uptake of flourescein isothiocyanate-conjugated ovalbumin.
12177332|Spores were fractionated, and Western blotting of individual fractions suggests that the CwlJ protein is localized exclusively to the outer layers, or integument.
12177332|The second spore-lytic enzyme, SleB, is localized both in the inner membrane of the spore and in the integument fraction.
12177332|In fractions of wild-type spores, the YpeB protein is found in the same locations as SleB - in both the inner membrane and the integument.
12181330|Like Mex67p, Crp79-GFP binds poly(A)(+) RNA in vivo, shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and contains a nuclear export activity at the C-terminus that is Crm1p-independent.
12181330|Fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), Crp79p localizes to the cytoplasm.
12181330|Crp79p import into the nucleus depends on the Ran system.
12192048|Here, we demonstrate that enzymes involved in the SUMO modification and demodification of proteins are components of the nuclear pore complex (NPC).
12192048|The unique amino-terminal domain of SENP2 interacts with the FG repeat domain of Nup153, indicating that SENP2 associates with the nucleoplasmic basket of the NPC.
12192048|"Enzymes of the SUMO modification pathway localize to filaments of the nuclear pore complex."
12192048|We show that SENP2, a SUMO protease that is able to demodify both SUMO-1 and SUMO-2 or SUMO-3 protein conjugates, localizes to the nucleoplasmic face of the NPC.
12192048|Using immunogold labeling of isolated nuclear envelopes, we found that Ubc9 localizes to both the cytoplasmic and the nucleoplasmic filaments of the NPC.
12193705|Together our data identify FDC-SP as a unique secreted peptide with a distinctive expression pattern within the immune system and the ability to specifically bind to activated B cells.
12193705|In this work we report the discovery of a novel gene encoding a small secreted protein, which we term FDC-SP (FDC secreted protein).
12193705|"FDC-SP, a Novel Secreted Protein Expressed by Follicular Dendritic Cells."
12193705|We provide evidence that FDC-SP is posttranslationally modified and secreted and can bind to the surface of B lymphoma cells, but not T lymphoma cells, consistent with a function as a secreted mediator acting upon B cells.
12196548|Both proteins carrying the polymorphisms were sorted to the lateral membrane like wild-type SLC21A6, but their transport properties for the substrates cholyltaurine and 17beta-glucuronosyl estradiol were altered.
12199140|"Localization of human SMC1 protein at kinetochores."
12199140|hSMC1 is targeted to the kinetochore region during prophase concomitant with kinetochore assembly and remains through anaphase.
12199140|These results suggest that hSMC1 is an integral component of the functional kinetochore structure during mitosis.
12199140|Here we report the mitosis-specific localization of hSMC1 to the kinetochores.
12199140|Importantly, hSMC1 is targeted only to the active centromere on dicentric chromosomes.
12199140|Although it was recently shown that a small amount of hRAD21 localizes to the centromeres during metaphase, the presence of other cohesion components at the centromere has not been demonstrated in human cells.
12213195|FAM9A, FAM9B, and FAM9C are expressed exclusively in testis; their proteins are located in the nucleus, and FAM9A localizes to the nucleolus.
12215411|The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans expresses 18 cyclophilin isoforms, eight of which are conserved single domain forms, comprising two closely related secreted or type B forms (CYP-5 and CYP-6).
12221002|Preliminary biochemical analysis of Emu1/2 confirmed that they are secreted glycoproteins which are attached to the extracellular matrix and capable of forming homo- and heteromers via disulfide bonding.
12221007|This brain region, which has previously been implicated in the control of walking behavior, expresses high levels of nuclear Sim protein in three clusters of neurons in each central brain hemisphere.
12221080|In addition, we discovered that the most C-terminal conserved region of Slac2-a (amino acids 400-590) and Slac2-c (amino acids 670-856), which is not essential for myosin Va binding, directly binds actin and that expression of these regions in PC12 cells and melanoma cells colocalized with actin filaments at the cell periphery, suggesting a novel role of Slac2-a/c in capture of Rab27-containing organelles in the actin-enriched cell periphery.
12234926|Mor2 is homologous to the Drosophila Furry protein, which is required to maintain the integrity of cellular extensions, and is localized at both cell ends and the medial region of the cell in an actin-dependent fashion.
12242222|Scw1 is predominantly a cytoplasmic protein and is not localized to the spindle pole body.
12242294|Mal2p associates specifically with the central region of the complex fission yeast centromere, where it is required for the specialized chromatin architecture as well as for transcriptional silencing of this region.
12242294|"The mal2p protein is an essential component of the fission yeast centromere."
12242294|We show here that Mal2p, previously identified as a protein required for genome stability, is an essential component of the fission yeast centromere.
12244050|Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ctr6 is an integral membrane protein that can trimerize.
12244050|"Ctr6, a vacuolar membrane copper transporter in Schizosaccharomyces pombe."
12244050|By using a functional ctr6(+) epitope-tagged allele expressed under the control of its own promoter, we localize the Ctr6 protein on the membrane of vacuoles.
12296629|The COS 7 cell transfected with the ORF of RBBP10 showed that the protein was distributed both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus.
12358751|In rat brain neurones and cultured neurones derived from superior cervical ganglia, MARTA1 is primarily intranuclear, but is also present in the somatodendritic cytoplasm.
12359240|Thus, TMEM9 is a phylogenetically conserved, widely expressed transmembrane protein with a potential, but unknown function in intracellular transport.
12359240|We have identified and characterized the novel human transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9).
12359240|The protein is highly conserved between species from Caenorhabditis elegans to man and belongs to a novel family of transmembrane proteins.
12359240|TMEM9 encodes a 183 amino-acid protein that contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a single transmembrane region, three potential N-glycosylation sites, and three conserved cys-rich domains in the N-terminus, but no hitherto known functional domains.
12359240|"Characterization of the novel human transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9) that localizes to lysosomes and late endosomes."
12359240|In COS-1 cells transfected with a TMEM9-GFP expression construct,TMEM9-GFP is co-expressed with LAMP1 on late endosomes and lysosomes as well as on ER.
12360397|Falkor is encoded by a 2-kb mRNA which is present at different levels in various tissues, and is localized in the nucleus of cells.
12378525|The BCAS3 gene at 17q23 spans more than 600 kb at the genomic level and was predicted to encode a 913 amino acid nuclear protein.
12378525|The BCAS4 gene at 20q13.2 encodes a 211 amino acid cytoplasmic protein.
12381669|SPR-1 is localized to the nucleus and acts in a cell-autonomous manner; furthermore, human CoREST can substitute for SPR-1 in C. elegans.
12384296|Calreticulin is a Ca(2+)-binding chaperone localized mainly in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum in all higher organisms.
12388763|Ycl034w/Lsb5p localizes to the cell cortex but does not colocalize with actin.
12388763|Ysc84p colocalizes with cortical actin and requires the presence of an intact actin cytoskeleton for its cortical localization.
12393632|Colocalization of DOCK2 with Crk-like (CrkL) and F-actin was shown by immunocytochemical analysis with the use of Jurkat cells.
12393794|"The transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS3) mutated in deafness DFNB8/10 activates the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in vitro."
12393794|Transient expression of wild-type or tagged TMPRSS3 protein showed a primary localization in the endoplasmic reticulum.
12393794|TMPRSS3 encodes a transmembrane serine protease that contains both LDLRA and SRCR domains and is mutated in non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness (DFNB8/10).
12399381|These results demonstrate that the nuclear translocation of Cdc25 is important for the timing of mitotic entry and that Sal3 plays an important role in this process.
12399381|In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the nuclear accumulation of Cdc25 peaks in G2 and is necessary for the proper timing of mitotic entry.
12399381|In addition, we show that enhanced nuclear localization of Cdc25 at endogenous levels of expression advances the onset of mitosis.
12403786|The nuclear targeting of ZOPs in subconfluent epithelial cell cultures is well documented, although the action of the junctional MAGUKs in the nucleus has remained elusive.
12403786|As shown by laser confocal microscopy and epifluorescent analysis, nuclear ZO-2 is present in epithelial and endothelial cells, particularly in response to environmental stress conditions.
12403786|Here we show for the first time that nuclear ZO-2 directly interacts with the DNA-binding protein scaffold attachment factor-B (SAF-B).
12403786|Zonula occludens proteins (ZOPs), currently comprising ZO-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3, belong to the family of membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologue (MAGUK) proteins that are involved in the organization of epithelial and endothelial intercellular junctions.
12403786|"The tight junction protein ZO-2 localizes to the nucleus and interacts with the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein scaffold attachment factor-B."
12403786|ZOPs bind to the cytoplasmic C termini of junctional transmembrane proteins linking them to the actin cytoskeleton.
12403786|We further demonstrate that enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)- and DsRed-tagged ZO-2 and SAF-B fusion proteins partially co-localize in nuclei of transfected epithelial cells.
12408964|Nesprin-1 and nesprin-2 (also known as Syne-1 and Syne-2,) are large ( approximately 3300-residue) vertebrate proteins associated with emerin and lamin A at the nuclear envelope of muscle cells and other cell types.
12408964|Moreover, we demonstrate that the larger isoforms of nesprin-1, like MSP-300, are localized to the sarcomeric Z-line of both skeletal and cardiac muscle.
12415007|For3 was localized as dots to the ends of interphase cells and to the mid-region in dividing cells.
12421421|More detailed analyses of two of these male-specific subunits (Prosalpha3T and Prosalpha6T), using GFP-tagged reporter transgenes, revealed that they are predominantly localized to the nucleus at later stages of spermatogenesis and are present there in mature, motile sperm.
12423363|In the immunohistochemical analysis, the protein was mainly detected in the cytoplasm of the nerve and glial cells of the rat brain.
12427731|GFP-Nak1 localized uniformly throughout the cytoplasm, unlike many other proteins which influence cell polarity that preferentially localize to cell ends.
12431998|"Purification, characterization, and in vitro mineralization studies of a novel goose eggshell matrix protein, ansocalcin."
12431998|This report discusses purification and characterization of various proteins and peptides from goose eggshell matrix.
12435389|Transient expression assays in protoplasts from tobacco leaves demonstrated that the putative N-terminal transit peptide of NsRpoT-C encodes a targeting signal directing the protein into chloroplasts.
12435389|"Non-AUG translation initiation of mRNA encoding plastid-targeted phage-type RNA polymerase in Nicotiana sylvestris."
12435728|Confocal and electron microscopy show that OIP106 localizes to nuclear punctae in HeLa cells and co-localizes with RNA polymerase II.
12446665|TGN38, which recycles between the TGN and plasma membrane, was transported into and out of the GCC88 decorated structures.
12446665|By immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy GCC88 and GCC185, and the GRIP protein golgin97, are all localized to the TGN of HeLa cells.
12446744|These results indicate that p35 (uroplakin IIIb) is a urothelial differentiation product structurally and functionally related to uroplakin III, and that p35-UPIb interaction in the ER is an important early step in urothelial plaque assembly.
12446744|Here, we describe a novel 35-kD urothelial plaque-associated glycoprotein that is closely related to uroplakin III: they have a similar overall type 1 transmembrane topology; their amino acid sequences are 34% identical; they share an extracellular juxtamembrane stretch of 19 amino acids; their exit from the ER requires their forming a heterodimer with uroplakin Ib, but not with any other uroplakins; and UPIII-knockout leads to p35 up-regulation, possibly as a compensatory mechanism.
12453154|Syn8p is in endosomes.
12453154|"A New Yeast Endosomal SNARE Related to Mammalian Syntaxin 8."
12456008|Rsglp localizes to a distinct structure toward the cell periphery, and strains lacking Btn2p (btn2delta strains) fail to correctly localize Rsg1p.
12456008|Btnlp is a vacuolar/lysosomal membrane protein, and btn1delta suppresses both the canavanine sensitivity and the elevated rate of uptake of arginine displayed by btn2delta rsg1delta strains.
12456726|The SuUR protein is localized in late replicating and underreplicating regions.
12458796|Surprisingly DDX15 also accumulates in the nucleoli of HEp-2 cells.
12458796|Immunofluorescence data indicated that endogenous DDX15 accumulates in U snRNP containing nuclear speckles in HEp-2 cells.
12458796|RNA coprecipitation experiments indicated that DDX15 is associated with spliceosomal U small nuclear RNAs in HeLa cell extracts.
12458796|Moreover, DDX15 and La seem to colocalize in the nucleoli.
12460945|Using in situ hybridization and immunolocalization, we demonstrate that in testis tissue mPOMT2 localizes to maturing spermatids and is abundant within the acrosome, a sperm-specific organelle essential for fertilization.
12460945|Expression of the corresponding hPOMT2 cDNA in mammalian cells identified POMT2 as an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum with an apparent molecular weight of 83 kDa.
12460945|"Characterization of POMT2, a novel member of the PMT protein O-mannosyltransferase family specifically localized to the acrosome of mammalian spermatids."
12473124|"Purification and characterization of two secreted purple acid phosphatase isozymes from phosphate-starved tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cell cultures."
12473124|Two secreted acid phosphatases (SAP1 and SAP2) were markedly up-regulated during Pi-starvation of tomato suspension cells.
12475935|In situ hybridization shows that POTE is expressed in basal and terminal cells of normal prostate epithelium.
12475935|We have identified a gene located on chromosomes 21 that is expressed in normal and neoplastic prostate, and in normal testis, ovary, and placenta.
12475947|UPs are synthesized on membrane-bound polysomes, and after several co- and posttranslational modifications they assemble into planar crystals in a post-Golgi vesicular compartment.
12475947|Transfection experiments showed that, when expressed individually, only UPIb can exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and move to the plasma membrane, whereas UPII and UPIII reach the plasma membrane only when they form heterodimeric complexes with UPIa and UPIb, respectively.
12478294|Here we show that mec-6 encodes a single-pass membrane-spanning protein with limited similarity to paraoxonases, which are implicated in human coronary heart disease.
12492428|While LARG and G(alpha)12 were mainly found in somata of the neurons, PDZ-RhoGEF and G(alpha)13 were predominantly localized in the neuropil of central neurons.
12493710|The secreted protein present in the lumen from the caput to the cauda had the same molecular mass and isoelectric point (pI) characteristics as the testicular form.
12493710|Prostaglandin D(2) synthase (PGDS) is a major protein in the ovine epididymis, the secretion of which is restricted to the proximal part of the epididymis.
12493710|The protein secreted accumulated in the cauda but was not processed after secretion as it is in the adult animal; no changes in molecular mass or pI were observed.
12493710|"Prostaglandin D2 synthase secreted in the caput epididymidis displays spatial and temporal delay between messenger RNA and protein expression during postnatal development."
12529400|Daxx normally resides within the nucleus in promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) oncogenic domains (PODs), where it physically interacts with PML.
12529400|We demonstrate that HIPK1 is ubiquitously expressed in mice and humans and localizes predominantly to the nucleus.
12531031|In contrast, most mNTH1 molecules were sorted into mitochondria, with a relatively small amount localized in nuclei.
12531031|Full-length hNTH1 was sorted exclusively into nuclei.
12535531|"A cell cycle-regulated GATA factor promotes centromeric localization of CENP-A in fission yeast."
12535531|Ams2 is abundant in S phase and associates with chromatin, including the central centromeres through binding to GATA-core sequences.
12535531|CENP-A, the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, plays a crucial role in organizing kinetochore chromatin for precise chromosome segregation.
12536145|Following epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, SKIP transiently translocated to plasma membrane ruffles and colocalized with submembranous actin.
12536145|Indirect immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation showed that, in serum-starved cells, both endogenous and recombinant SKIP colocalized with markers of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
12536145|The inositol 5-phosphatase skip localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and translocates to membrane ruffles following epidermal growth factor stimulation."
12554685|"An isoform of hPANK2, deficient in pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, localizes to mitochondria."
12554685|An in vitro import assay and in vivo immunolocalization experiments demonstrate a mitochondrial localization of this isoform.
12566428|Third, Pac1 localized to the plus ends (distal tips) of cytoplasmic microtubules in the bud.
12566428|Fourth, dynein heavy chain Dyn1 also localized to the tips of cytoplasmic microtubules in wild-type cells.
12566588|Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analyses suggested that Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Protein2;2 (PIP2;2) is one of the abundantly expressed aquaporin isoforms in Arabidopsis root plasma membranes.
12576321|We show that the wild-type cno gene encodes a novel, ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic protein that coassembles with pallidin and the muted protein in the BLOC-1 complex.
12582133|Consistent with the observed expression pattern, Bgs3-green fluorescence protein (GFP-Bgs3p) was found at the growing tips during interphase and at the septum prior to cytokinesis, always localized to growth areas.
12582133|We also found GFP-Bgs3p in mating projections, during the early stages of zygote formation, and at the growing pole during ascospore germination.
12584241|This strand disappears at the metaphase II/anaphase II transition and relocalizes to the spindle midzone.
12584241|INCENP and aurora-B concentrate at centromeres during diakinesis and appear during metaphase I as T-shaped signals at their inner domains, just below associated sister kinetochores.
12584241|Both proteins colocalize at a connecting strand traversing the centromere region and joining sister kinetochores, in metaphase II centromeres.
12584241|During late anaphase I both proteins relocalize to the spindle midzone.
12584241|INCENP labels the synaptonemal complex central element from zygotene up to late pachytene when it begins to relocalize to heterochromatic chromocentres.
12584241|Aurora-B first appears at chromocentres in late diplotene before the initial phosphorylation of histone H3.
12595504|Moreover, using normal human renal mesenchymal cell lines, the immunoreactive protein colocalized with gamma-tubulin, suggesting that OFD1 is associated with the centrosome.
12604222|Transfection of HeLa cells with vectors expressing pig CR demonstrated that the enzyme is localized in the peroxisomes.
12609988|Unlike VIP36 and ERGIC-53 that are predominantly associated with post-ER membranes and cycle in the early secretory pathway, VIPL is a non-cycling resident protein of the ER.
12609988|"Profile-based database scanning for animal L-type lectins and characterization of VIPL, a novel VIP36-like ER protein."
12609988|VIPL is a high-mannose type I membrane glycoprotein with similar domain organization as VIP36.
12615919|The predicted 270-amino acid sequence contains an N-terminal signal peptide, an immunoglobin domain in the extracellular region, a transmembrane domain and an ITAM in the cytoplasmic tail.
12623066|Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that most of the PNO localized in the mitochondria in either the sufficient or the deficient cells.
12623066|"Pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase is stabilized by its cofactor, thiamin pyrophosphate, in mitochondria of Euglena gracilis."
12631727|In the spo14 mutant cells, ER-like membranes were accumulated beneath the plasma membrane and the ER/Golgi shuttling protein Rer1 remained in the ER.
12637552|In vivo studies of ResA showed that it is membrane-associated with its thioredoxin-like domain on the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane.
12640039|PARP-1 also resides for part of the cell cycle in the centrosome and interacts with hPARP-3.
12640039|hPARP-3 is preferentially localized to the daughter centriole throughout the cell cycle.
12640039|"PARP-3 localizes preferentially to the daughter centriole and interferes with the G1/S cell cycle progression."
12644953|The SuUR mutation has been shown to suppress underreplication, and wild-type SuUR protein is found at late-replicating IH sites and in pericentric heterochromatin.
12644953|We conclude that the polytene chromosome regions known as IH are binding sites for SuUR protein and in many cases PcG silencing proteins.
12659815|The subcellular localization of the WDR13 protein in the nucleus suggests that it may also have a regulatory role in nuclear function along with protein-protein interaction like other members of the WD family of proteins.
12668659|Mid2p localizes as a single ring in the middle of the cell after anaphase in a septin- and actin-dependent manner and splits into two rings during septation.
12668659|Mid2p colocalizes with septins, and mid2 Delta cells display disorganized, diffuse septin rings and a cell separation defect similar to septin deletion strains.
12670503|When oxygen tension is reduced, PHD-mediated hydroxylation cannot occur, HIF-1 alpha accumulates in the nucleus, resulting in HIF-mediated gene transcription.
12672804|"The Golgi protein RCAS1 controls cell surface expression of tumor-associated O-linked glycan antigens."
12672804|RCAS1 was shown to be a ubiquitously expressed type III transmembrane protein with a Golgi-predominant localization.
12681444|The recombinant PDE8A1 and PDE8B1 proteins of an entire form were produced in both cytosolic and membrane fractions of the transfected COS cells.
12689592|Only shortly before meiosis I do they leave the nucleolus and form a "monopolin" complex with the meiosis-specific Mam1 protein, which binds to kinetochores.
12689592|Both proteins are present in vegetative cells, where they reside in the nucleolus.
12697061|Rad26-GFP localized to approximately six nuclear dots in cycling cells.
12697825|These results provide evidence that both nuclear import and export mechanisms operate to regulate cellular localization of an HMG box protein.
12697825|Mating pheromones and nutrient limitation trigger nuclear accumulation and increased expression of the transcription factor.
12697825|In growing cells, Ste11p is present in low levels and is pancellular.
12702244|This agrees well with the fact that these three proteins, like Brx1p, are located in the nucleolus.
12706894|Recombinant rat CKLF1 can be secreted into the cell culture supernatants and has chemotactic effects on neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes, which is similar to human CKLF1, while recombinant rat CKLF2 has weaker chemotactic effects on these cells.
12714744|Mouse NPM2 accumulates in oocyte nuclei and persists in preimplantation embryos.
12724426|Our data provide evidence that Rqh1 functions after Rad51 focus formation during DNA repair.
12724426|"Role for the fission yeast RecQ helicase in DNA repair in G2."
12734178|Form III is the predominant form of HrcN at the membrane, and its ATPase activity is dramatically stimulated (>700-fold) over the basal activity of Form I.
12734178|We show that hrcN encodes the putative TTS ATPase of Pseudomonas syringae pathovar phaseolicola and that HrcN is a peripheral protein that assembles in clusters at the membrane.
12740439|"Gamma-secretase is a membrane protein complex comprised of presenilin, nicastrin, Aph-1, and Pen-2."
12740439|Here we show that Aph-1 and Pen-2, two recently identified membrane proteins genetically linked to gamma-secretase, associate directly with presenilin and nicastrin in the active protease complex.
12744720|Western-blot analysis indicated that m-matriptase-2 migrates close to its theoretical molecular mass of 91 kDa, and immunofluorescence analysis was consistent with the proposed surface membrane localization of this protein.
12744720|Mechanistic insight into the potential role of this new transmembrane serine protease is provided by its novel expression profile in embryonic and adult mouse.
12744720|We report the identification and characterization of mouse matriptase-2 (m-matriptase-2), an 811-amino-acid protein composed of an N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a membrane-spanning domain, two CUB (complement protein subcomponents C1r/C1s, urchin embryonic growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein 1) domains, three LDLR (low-density-lipoprotein receptor class A) domains and a C-terminal serine-protease domain.
12773390|This mechanism of suppression occurs at the level of localization recovery of Mis12 to the kinetochore chromatin.
12773390|Mis12 is a kinetochore protein essential for equal chromosome segregation and is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human.
12773392|Alp13, Pst2 and Prw1 form a stable complex with Clr6 in the nucleus.
12783865|Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, using antisera raised against peptide sequences conserved in the A. tumefaciens proton pyrophosphatase, indicated localization in intracellular vacuoles.
12783882|Moreover, the Rpn5 assembly may be a cooperative process that involves at least two steps: 1) nuclear import and 2) subsequent assembly into the nuclear membrane.
12786945|The Omt1-GFP and Omt2-GFP fusion proteins localized to the outside and the inside of the spore walls, respectively.
12796288|Ady4p and Spo74p interact with known proteins of the MOP and are localized to the outer plaque of the SPB during meiosis II.
12796288|"Ady4p and Spo74p are components of the meiotic spindle pole body that promote growth of the prospore membrane in Saccharomyces cerevisiae."
12797865|Intracellularly, CDH1alpha appears in the nucleus whereas CDH1beta is a predominantly cytoplasmic protein.
12797865|CDH1alpha contains a nuclear localization signal which is absent in CDH1beta.
12810074|The Ung1 protein localizes predominantly to the nucleus, suggesting that it is more similar to the nuclear form (UNG2) than the mitochondrial form (UNG1) of human UNG.
12815058|Confocal microscopy revealed green fluorescent protein-tagged hSPPase1, expressed in either MCF7 or HEK293 cells, co-localized to endoplasmic reticulum with calreticulin.
12815058|The hSPPase1 has 78% homology to the mouse SPPase at the amino acid level with 6-8 possible transmembrane domains.
12859192|We also describe the presence of alpha-synuclein and its co-localization with histones in the nuclei of nigral neurons from mice exposed to a toxic insult (i.e., injections of the herbicide paraquat).
12859192|"Nuclear localization of alpha-synuclein and its interaction with histones."
12865299|Mrc1 initially binds early-replicating sequences and moves along chromatin with the replication fork.
12865299|Here we report that the Mediator protein Mrc1, which is required for normal DNA replication and for activation of Rad53, is present at replication forks.
12871901|Cdt2 protein also accumulated in S phase and localized to the nucleus.